![Page 1: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NativeBeesan Introduction
![Page 2: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why Care About Bees?
Pollination Services
Increase seed set
35% crops rely on pollinators to some extent
Essential for 13 crops, or improve production
Indirectly, dairy and meat
Wild flowers
Other Reasons
Biodiversity
![Page 3: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Photo credit:
Sam Droege/USGS
Laurence Packer
Bees, An Up-Close Look at Pollinators
Around the World
Megachile lanata
![Page 4: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is a Bee ?
David Cappaert, Bugwood.org
Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org
David Cappaert, Bugwood.org
![Page 5: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bee Wasp Fly
Thick bodied Thin bodied Thick waist
No silver hair on face Silver hair on face
Often very hairy Generally hairless
Pollen-collecting hair No pollen-collecting
hair
No pollen-collecting
hairs
Stout legs with few
spines
Long thin legs with
spines
Long antenna Long antenna Short, non-segmented
antenna
Four wings, folded
over back
Four wings, at sides Two wings
Eyes on the sides of
head
Eyes on the sides of
head
Eyes large, forward
facing, often touchingThe Bees In Your
Backyard
![Page 6: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Most Bees - Efficient Pollinators
Bees are vegetarians, Wasp larva are meat eaters
Bees actively transport pollen for nests
Bees often fly between the same type of flower
![Page 7: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Magic in Hair
Each hair is branched
– plumose. This
enables it to trap
pollen grains more
effectively.Photo courtesy of Zachary Huang.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee
![Page 8: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A bee can detect the electric fields of flowers via the deflections of many tiny mechanosensory filiform hairs on its head and body.
Harold H. Zakon PNAS 2016;113:7020-7021
©2016 by National Academy of Sciences
![Page 9: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ground Nesting Bees
70% of all bees nest in the ground
“Wild West” of the bees
Soil buffers against cold and heat
Soil atmosphere gives larval moisture
Easy to tailor nest cell sizes
Easy to expand
Texture, aspect, relief can all matter
![Page 10: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How Do You Know They Are There?
Ants
Halictid
Andrena
![Page 11: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Halictid, Sweat Bee
![Page 12: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Halictid, Sweat Bee
![Page 13: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Underground
H. ligatus
Roberts, Radclyffe B., Bees of Northwestern America: Halictus
![Page 14: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ground nesting - Agapostemon
![Page 15: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
David Cappaert, Bugwood.org
Ground nesting - Lasioglossum
![Page 16: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ground nesting - Andrenidae
![Page 17: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ground nesting - Andrenidae
![Page 18: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ground nesting - Andrenidae
![Page 19: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cuckoo -Cleptoparasite
![Page 20: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stem Nesting Bees
30% of all bees nest in stems and wood
Easy to manage
Need protection from sun, wind, rain
South or East facing for morning sunlight
Temperatures greater than 90 degrees
can be lethal
![Page 21: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ron Spendal
Ron Spendal
![Page 22: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stem nesting
![Page 24: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ron Spendal
Whitney Cranshaw, Bugwood.org
Stem nesting - Mason Bee or Fly
![Page 25: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ron Spendal
Stem nesting - Mason Bee
![Page 26: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ron Spendal
Stem nesting - Mason Bee
![Page 27: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Stem nesting - Mason Bee
![Page 28: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
iDTools.org
Hairy Fingered Mite
Stem nesting - Mason Bee
![Page 29: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Stem nesting - Mason Bee
![Page 30: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Stem nesting - Mason Bee
30,000 honey bees or 250 masons pollinate 75
apple trees
75 flowers per trip, 25 trips per cell, 30 cells per
lifetime of 6-8 weeks
Overwinter as adults in cocoons
Effective foraging range – 100 yards (300 ft)
5/16 inch holes, 6-11 inches long
Emerge when temperatures reach 50-60F
![Page 31: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Stem nesting - Leafcutter
![Page 32: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Stem nesting - Leafcutter
115 native and non-native species
Nests contain petals, leaves, pulps, mud,
resins
Many natives are non-gregarious
Overwinter in pre-pupa stage, emerge
mid-June
![Page 33: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Stem Nesting - Ceratina
Nests in old canes
Minds the pith
Can be small communities of sisters
![Page 34: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Stem Nesting - Ceratina
![Page 35: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cuckoo Wasp
Cleptoparasite
Parasitic Chalcid Wasp
Jon Yuschock, Bugwood.org
Stem nesting Bee ParasitesBee fly,
Anthrax irroratus
![Page 36: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Bumble Bee
Nest in abandoned bird and mice nests
Social
Queen overwinters
Fly dawn to dusk
Buzz pollination
![Page 37: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Common Bumble Bee Speciesof Scappoose
vosnesenskii
mixtus
melanopygus
flavifrons
griseocollis
![Page 38: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Bumble bee
OBA
![Page 39: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Bumble Bee - Nest
Phelyan Sanjoin, Wikipedia, Flickr
![Page 40: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Photo credit:
Sam Droege/USGS
Laurence Packer
Bees, An Up-Close Look at Pollinators
Around the World
Megachile fortis
![Page 41: Native Bees - Amazon Web Servicesosu-wams-blogs-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/blogs.dir/3378/files/20… · .pdf J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042318/5f07431f7e708231d41c1d43/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Sarah A. Taylor, Common Bee Pollinators of Oregon Crops, ODA 2016
ODA Postershttp://www.odaguides.us/posters.html
Bumble Bees of the Western UShttps://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/documents/BumbleBeeGuideWestern2012.pdf
J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Apidologie. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-015-0364z.
Joseph S. Wilson & Olivia Messinger Carril, The Bees In Your Backyard, 2016
Sam Droege, Bees: An Up-Close Look at Pollinators Around the World
L. Hooven, R. Sagili, E. Johansen, How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides; OSU, pnw591AND phone application
Plants for Pollinators in Oregon, NRCS, PM13
Attracting Native Pollinators, Xerces, 2011
Selecting Plants for Pollinators, Pacific Lowland Mixed Forest Providence, Pollinator Partnership, NAPPC
Pennsylvania Native Bee Survey, Citizen Scientist Pollinator Monitoring Guide, Xerces (though it is east coast, there is good Family level information)
References