Download - Natural Geotextiles in Ancient India
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Natural Geotextiles As Depicted in
Ancient Indian Iconography
By Dr. A.S.Nene
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Sakaladhikara
by Sage Agastya.
Shilpa-samhita on Iconography
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Sakaladhikara
means
“A treatise on deities with embodied form”
Sage Agastya received from Lord Shiva deals with Saivite images
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Shilpa samhita means Compilation of
information about “Shilpa
Shilpa, in its widest sense covers all arts and crafts requiring dexterity of hand. It covers all branches of Engineering and Architecture
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Iconography
Idols or images are made of metal, stone, wood or Clay Metal, stone or wooden images are made by molding chiseling or by carving.
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An elaborate process has to be adopted for images made of clay, mortar stucco and other soft materials in order to make them strong and durable
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Five Stages of Idol Making
1.Construction of Frame work using selected wood (Shool-lakshyanaam)
Human Anatomical Term:
Bonny skeleton
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2. Application of glue
Human Anatomical Terms Fat and marrow
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Application of glue
A special glue, made out of eight natural adhesive materials (Astabandhana), ghee and oil, is applied to the wooden inner frame
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3.Binding with Strings (Rajjubandhanam)
28 String arrangements
Human Anatomical Term 38 Arteries and nerves
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•Strings are made of coconut shell husk.
•The coir fibers are threaded into strong cords. The thickness of these cords is specified as two” yava” (2-4 mm).
•The strings are made by twisting two
cords.
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rJ j ub<Xanm! Binding with Strings
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4. Plastering with Mud
(Mrutsamskar)
Human Anatomical Terms
Flesh and skin
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Plastering with Clay Mass
Constituents
• Clay collected from lakes or Riverbeds
• Finely powered lac
• Decoctions prepared from barks of four milky trees and two non-milky trees.
• Fine sand
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•Decoctions of three myrobalns namely Amalaka, Bibhitaka and Haritaka.
•Flours of Barley, wheat and black gram
•Resins of Srivestaka, Sarja and Kunderukska and Guggulu in powdered form
•Cotton Fibers
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Consistency of Mud plaster
This constancy is determined by rolling the clay mass on the palms. When the lines of palm are clearly impressed on the clay mass the constancy is proper.
The water content for this consistency (Palm line limit) corresponds to a liquidity index between 15 to 20.%
hSt reoa<ikt < ip{f < m&iTp{f Sy c s<}km!, 25-5
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Finishing of shape
•Fixing of fine white cloth
•Coating with fine lime
•Polishing
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5. Painting with colors (Varnasamskar)
Human Anatomical Terms
Skin Pigmentation
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Conclusions
1.Coir fibers & cotton was used for soil reinforcement in ancient India.
2.Soil stabilization with natural additives was well known to ancient Indian sculptors .
3.The correct soil consistency for mud plastering is specified in simple terms
4.Iconography was based on sound knowledge of human anatomy
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1.Sakaladhikara by sage Agastya (1973) TSM Series 141,. Thajavur Maharaja Serfoji Saraswati Library (TMSSML), Thajavur (Tamilnadu state)
2.Banerjee J.N. ”Methodology on Hindu Iconography”
3.Chitraagastya Ms No 4009 Oriental manuscript library, Trivedraum( Kerala state)
References:
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Dr.A.S.Nene M4 Laxmi Nagar, Nagpur (India) 440022 Email: [email protected]
For any suggestions
Contact
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