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NavigationSpring 2008
Naval ROTC UnitThe Citadel
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Marine Navigation Textbooks/References
http://164.214.12.145/pubs/ http://www.uscg.mil/vtm/pages/rules.htm
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Lesson 1: Introduction and Piloting Team
• AGENDA:– Types of Marine Navigation– The Bridge Watch Team – Members of the Piloting Team– Navigation Department Organization
• Applicable reading: Hobbs, pp. 3-20
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Navigation Defined
• Navigation – The process of safely and efficiently directing the
movements of a vessel from one place to another.
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U.S. Ship Casualties 1950-2000
2
4
6
8
10
13
15
USS STARKE FFG-31USS STARKE FFG-31 USS LIBERTY AGTR-5USS LIBERTY AGTR-5 USS LIBERTY AGTR5USS LIBERTY AGTR5
USS HIGBEE DD-806USS HIGBEE DD-806
USS COLE DDG-67USS COLE DDG-67
USS PIRATE AM-275
USS MAGPIE AMS-25
USS PARTRIDGE AMS-31
USS PLEDGE AM-277
USS BRUSH DD-745
USS SARSI ATF-111
USS WALKE DD-723
USS MANSFIELD DD-728
USS BARTON DD-772
USS E.G. SMALL DDR-838
USS WARRINGTON DD-843USS WESTCHESTER COUNTY
LST 1167
USS S. B. ROBERTSFFG-58
USS PRINCETON CG-59
USS TRIPOLI LPH-10
KOREA
VIETNAM
ISRAEL
IRAN
IRAQ 1991
1987-88
1969-72
1967
1950-52
YEMEN 2000
VARIOUSVARIOUS 1950-2001
TERRORIST MISSILE TORPEDO AERIAL ATTACK MINE
972972
GROUNDING &COLLISIONS
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Photo taken as ship was being drydocked
Photo taken as ship was being drydocked
•USS RADFORD (DDG 446)
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•USS LAMOURE COUNTY (LST 1194)
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•USNS YUKON (T-AO 202)
•USS DENVER (LPD 9)
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USS SAN FRANCISCO (SSN 711)
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Types of Navigation
• Coastal Piloting• Dead Reckoning• Celestial Navigation • Radio Navigation• Electronic Navigation
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The Bridge Team(Normal, underway watch)
• Officer of the Deck (OOD)• Conning Officer (CONN)• Junior Officer of the Deck (JOOD)• Quartermaster of the Watch (QMOW)• Boatswain’s Mate of the Watch (BMOW)• Lookouts• Helmsman
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BearingBearing TakerTaker BearingBearing
TakerTaker
PlotterPlotterBearingBearingRecorderRecorder
NavigatorNavigator
OOD ConningOfficer
Bridge
CIC
PilotingPilotingOfficerOfficer
PlotterPlotter
ChartChart TableTable
ChartChart TableTable
RadarRadar
OperatorOperator
CO
Bridge (Piloting)
• Navigator
• Plotter
• Brg Recorder
• Bearing Taker
CIC (RadNav)
• Piloting Officer
• Radar Operator
• BRG Recorder
• Plotter
The Piloting Team(Navigation Detail Stationed)
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BearingBearing TakerTaker
BearingBearing TakerTaker
PlotterPlotterBearingBearingRecorderRecorder
NavigatorNavigator
OODOOD ConningConningOfficerOfficer
BridgeBridge
CICCIC
PilotingPilotingOfficerOfficer
PlotterPlotter
ChartChart TableTable
ChartChart TableTable
RadarRadar
OperatorOperator
COCO “Based on an excellent fix at
time :20, Navigation holds us 100 yards left of track. Nearest hazard to navigation is shoal water 500 yards off the port bow. Nearest aid to navigation is red buoy 8, off the stbd beam.
Fathometer reads 45 feet beneath the keel, concurs with charted depth. Distance remaining this leg; 2,500 yards. Next time to turn with be at time :25 to new course 095 ° T. Turn bearing is 272°T to Castle Rock.
Navigation recommends coming right to new course 045º to regain track. Set and drift is 090ºT at 1 knot.”
“CIC concurs/does not concur.”
The Navigator’s Report
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Navigator’s Reports• Based on an excellent [type of] fix at time :20
• Navigation holds us 100 yards left of track.
• Nearest hazard to navigation is shoal water 500 yards off the port bow.
• Nearest aid to navigation is red buoy 8, off the stbd beam.
• Fathometer reads 45 feet beneath the sonar dome, concurs with charted depth.
• Distance remaining this leg; 2,500 yards.
• Next time to turn with be at time :25 to new course 095T.
• Turn bearing is 272° to Castle Rock.
• Navigation recommends coming right to new course 045º to regain track.
• Set and drift is 090ºT at 1 knot.”
• “CIC concurs.”
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How do you shoot bearings?
• On the beam first, then forward and aft.• Lines will cross in triangle. Where is the
ship’s position?
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Cardinal Rule
• “No single source of information should be relied upon to the exclusion of others”
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Fix intervals
• Water depth constraints• Current• Bottom contour• Weather• Navigational hazards• Speed• Simply put, how quickly you can get into
trouble!
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Navigation Department Administrative Organization
QM 's, SM 'sm ay a lso in c lu d e ad m in p erson n e l
Navigator Departm ent Heads
Executive OfficerX O
Com m anding OfficerC O
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Navigation DepartmentOperational Organization
B earin g TakerB earin g R ecord erP lo tte r
Bridge Team
P ilo tin g O ffice rR ad ar O p era to rP lo tte r
RadNav Team
Navigator
M ain ta in s D eck L ogM ain ta in s N av P lo tW eax O b serva tion s
QM OW
OOD
Com m anding OfficerC O
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Review
• How are bearing shot (order)• Who must acknowledge the Navigator’s
report?
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QUESTIONS?