Download - NECSC-The ABCs of Labs
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ABCs of Laboratory
Challenges for Sustainability
Ralph Stuart
Env. Safety Manager
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Environmental Aspects and Impacts of Laboratories
! Ventilation ! 35-50% of energy for 15% of campus floor space at UVM.
Larger proportions elsewhere, depending on campus building types.
! Electricity Use ! Similar to ventilation impact relative to the rest of campus
! Solid and Hazardous Wastes ! Low carbon impact, high regulatory impact
! Regulation ! EPA’s Higher education enforcement initative
! Teaching and Research ! Environmental awareness of science curriculum; green
chemistry
! Others: ! Water ! Transportation
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Ventilation
! Campus wide impact:
! Between 4 and 8 times as much energy per sq foot relative to other campus spaces
! Energy use associated with labs is high value – 10 times as much income as energy expense
! Design Issues
! Ventilation rates range from 6 to 10 air changes per hour
! Ventilation rates are speculative and primarily based on control of odors
! There are behavior changes opportunities with regard to ventilation, but facility design is the driving force in the environmental footprint
! EPA Labs-21 program for lab design http://www.labs21century.gov/
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Electricity Use
! Proliferation of instrumentation drives electrical demand
! Electrical equipment in the laboratory creates a lot of waste heat, which can drive ventilation rates even in non-hazardous areas
! Example: storage of biological samples at cold temperatures or in freezer farms
! Labs are not part of the Energy Star universe (See the Labs-21 wiki at http://tinyurl.com/labs21wiki)
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Solid and Hazardous Waste
! Disposal of trash from lab buildings creates the concern of potential contamination with chemical or biological materials.
! Community perception can drive choices rather than cost or greening opportunities
! Chemical wastes are regulated by the states and EPA very tightly, which creates significant practical challenges
! Biowaste regulations are less organized but have practical challenges as well
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Environmental Regulations
! RCRA and state variations for hazardous waste
! CERCLA for emergency planning
! CWA and local regulations for sewer disposal
! CAA and local regulations for fume hood exhaust
! HAZWOPER for spill clean up
! Whatever carbon rules come down
! Miscellaneous materials (asbestos, PCBs, Hg, pharmaceuticals, etc.)
! Electronic virtual campus http://www.c2e2.org/evc/
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Education and Research: Green Chemistry
! EPA / American Chemical Society chemical studies research and education linked to environmental issues
! Laboratory operations are not thought of as part of this aspect yet
! MIT green alternatives web site:
! http://tinyurl.com/mitgcwiz
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Sustainability Tools with Laboratory Potential
! Behavior change
! Facility design and LEED
! Connecting with regulatory considerations through an Environmental Management System
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Track: Energy, Buildings & Transportation Session: The ABCs of Labs
Influencing Fume Hood Practices: Feedback and Behavior Change
Steven M. Lanou Deputy Director - Sustainability Program Environmental Programs Office Massachusetts Institute of Technology 617-452-2907 [email protected]
6th Annual Northeast Campus Sustainability Consortium Conference
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Can You Spot the Labs?
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MIT Building 18: Dept of Chemistry
…at 5PM
…and at 2AM
Source:MIT, Amanti
• No. 2 energy consumer per sq. ft. on campus
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CO2 emissions Cost
$1.8 million 8500 metric tons Emissions equal to over 300 SUVs driving 60 mph
Where does the energy go?
Source: MIT, Wesolowski
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! Electric use breakdown (approximate)
Source: MIT, Amanti
!
Where does the energy go?
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Heat or Cool
Intake fan
Outside air
Exhaust fan Vented air
Fume Hoods in Building 18
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The “Engineered Solution” for Energy Conservation
Sash Position Sensor
Phoenix Control Valve
Variable Air Volume & Monitoring and Control
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! Did we left out the human aspect? ! Can we make better use of the VAV by
supplementing with behavior change? " Collaboration: EPO, LFEE, EHS, Chemistry, students,
faculty and staff " New fume hood training module developed and
delivered Nov. " E-mail from “The Boss” " Monitoring of avg. sash position ever since " Information feedback starting following July
The “Behavioral Solution” for Energy Conservation: Information, Monitoring & Feedback
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15 Min Sash Position
Data Point
TAC Data Storage
Custom Data Conversion
Program
Excel Spreadsheet Back to MIT
Grad Student/EHS Charts and Email
Data Collection and Distribution
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Feedback Intervention: Average Sash Position
Before intervention
Current
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Average sash position Post-implementation
Baseline sash position
*
* Winter holiday season
*
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Oct-06 May-07 Dec-07 Jun-08
Ave
rage
sas
h po
sitio
n
300
320
340
360
380
400
Air
flow
/ ho
od (C
FM)
Impact
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Impact
! Average sash height was lowered by 26% " 16% ± 0.85% open to 12% ± 0.39% open
throughout the department " saving an estimated $41,000/yr. (Bldg18 $24,000/
yr) – about half the potential ! Sash position during inactive periods was
lowered from 9% to 6% open. ! Half of all department savings occurred in
four (of 25) labs.
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Conclusions
! Feedback can influence positive behavior change ! Energy savings were less than original expectations
because over estimation of open sashes; most installed fume hoods use combination sashes
! Pilot lab group was pretty efficient to begin with ! Labs with vertical sashes use the most energy, and saw
the most savings from the intervention. ! More active labs can be penalized unfairly ! Design programs that are sustainable, e.g. not too
complicated ! Impact of static feedback, e.g. stickers, may be limited
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What Else Should We Do?
! Emphasize lower night time use ! Reduce face velocity requirements (100/80/60) ! Reduce air change rate requirements ! Install occupancy sensors in ventilation systems ! Retrofit older hoods to VAV ! Decommission unused hoods ! Social pressure – ambassadors program, signs ! Take your Industrial Hygienist to lunch ! Whole building HVAC cont. commissioning
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Michelle Smith Green Building Coordinator The University of Vermont
NECSC Conference October 27, 2009
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! Labs 21 Environmental Performance Criteria ! Considerations for early planning ! James M. Jeffords Hall as a case study
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! Labs 21 EPC: a rating system to assess the environmental performance of laboratory facilities.
! Builds on the LEED® Green Building Rating System that was developed by the U.S. Green Building Council.
! The EPC was produced by a series of working groups that included more than 40 architects, engineers, facility managers, and health and safety professionals.
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! Co-sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE)
! Voluntary partnership program dedicated to improving the environmental performance of U.S. laboratories.
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! Prerequisite 3: Laboratory Ventilation Intent Ensure that minimum requirements for IAQ and safety are met
Requirements Prerequisite 3.0 Meet the minimum requirements of ANSI Z9.5 (latest version).
Technologies & Strategies ! Provide monitoring and control of fume hoods and room
pressure. Technologies include fume hood monitors and alarms, volume metering, and automated laboratory room pressure control.
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! Ventilation/fume hood rate discussions when planning lab and space use ! Occupancy sensors/ Motion detectors ! CO2 sensors ! Heat recovery
! What chemicals will be used? How frequently? ! Movable flammable materials cabinets instead of
permanent ! Local materials: exterior as well as case-work ! Site/Landscaping: Academic partnership
opportunities?
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! Early discussions re: “how low could the fume hood exchange go”
! Presentations from fume hood manufacturers to project team, including maintenance
! Final system integrated into comprehensive HVAC allows for greater energy savings
! Heat recovery from labs via convection transfer to liquid glycol loop
! Return-air system for administrative/classroom space
! Building dashboard?
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! Thank you!