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NERVOUS TISSUE
DEFINITIONFUNCTIONLOCATIONTYPES
DEFINITION
nervoustissue1.jpgNERVOUS TISSUE
THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE TWO PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
NAMELY; THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CNS) AND THE BRANCHING PERIPHERAL NERVES OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OR THE (PNS) THAT REGULATES AND CONTROLS BODILY FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
FOUR TYPES OF NERVOUS TISSUE
IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUE
*GRAY MATTER
*WHITE MATTER
IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS TISSUE
*NERVES
*GANGLIA
TISSUES ARE CATEGORIZED ACC TO NEURONAL AND NEUROGLIAL COMPONENTS
NERVOUS TISSUE TYPE IN THE CNS
GRAY MATTER
COMPOSED OF CELL BODIES, DENDRITES, UNMYELINATED AXONS, PROTOPLASMIC ASTROCYTES SATELLITE OLIGODENDROCYTE, MICROGLIA, AND VERY FEW MYELINATED AXONS
WHITE MATTER
COMPOSED OF MYELINATED AXONS, FIBROUS ASTROCYTES MYELINATING OLIGODENDROCYTES AND MICROGLIA
NERVOUS TISSUE IN THE PNS
GANGLION
COMPOSED OF CELL BODIES, DENDRITES AND SATELLITE GLIAL CELLS
NERVES
COMPOSED OF MYELINATED AND UNMYELINATED AXONS, SCHWANN CELLS SURROUNDED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
(main types of CELLS)
neurons-fly-through_3d_model_max_018a5aaf-c21b-4d9e-aa44-e6ac6847183b.jpg
NEURONS/NERVE CELLS
RECEIVES AND
TRANSMITS IMPULSES
neurons/nerve cells
cells with specialized features that allow them to receive and facilitate nerve impulses or action potentials across their membrane to the next neuron.
they possess a large cell body called SOMA with cell projections called dendrites and an axon. dendrites are thin branching projections that receive electrochemical signaling( neurotransmitters)to create a change in the voltage of the cell. Axons are long projections that carry action potential away from the cell body toward the next neuron. the bulb-like end of the axon called axon terminal is separated from the dendrite of the following neuron by a small gap called synapse. When the action potential travels to the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released across the synapse and bind to the post-synaptic receptors continuing the nerve impulse
classification of neuron
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
SENSORY NEURONS (AFFERENT)
Relay sensory information In the form of an action potential (nerve impulse) to the CNS to the PNS
MOTOR NEURONS (EFFERENT)
Relay an action potential out of the CNS to the proper effector (muscles, glands)
INTERNEURONS
cells that forms connection between neurons and whose processes are limited to a single local are in the brain or spinal cord
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
MULTIPOLAR NEURONS: have 3 or more processes coming off the soma(cell body) They are major neuron type in CNS and include interneurons and motor neurons
BIPOLAR NEURONS
Sensory neurons that have one processes coming off the soma, one dendrite and one axon
CLASSIFICATION OF NEURON
PSEUDUONIPOLAR NEURONS
SENSORY NEURONS THAT HAVE ONE PROCESS THAT SPLITS INTO TWO BRANCHES FORMING THE AXON AND THE DENDRITE
UNIPOLAR BRUSH CELLS
EXCITATORY GLUTAMATERGIC INTERNEURONS THAT HAVE A SINGLE SHORT DENDRITE TERMINATING INTO A BRUSH-LIKE TUFT OF DENDRIOLES THESE ARE FOUND IN THE GRANULAR LAYER OF THE CEREBELLUM
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NEUROGLIA/GLIAL CELLS/ GLIAL(from the greek word that means glue)
ASSISTS PROPAGATION OF THE NERVE IMPULSES;PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE
NEURONS
COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
(main types of CELLS)
clad-2.jpg2 (1).jpghAstroPro-astrocyte-ad-2.jpgTYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS/ GLIA CELLS
ASTROGLIAL CELL
(ASTROCYTE)
FOUND IN THE CNS/ BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD
STRUCTURE: STAR SHAPED CELL. HAS MANY PROCESSES EXTENDING FROM ITS CELL BODY INTO THE SURROUNDING NETWORK OF NERVE FIBERS
FUNCTIONS: SUPPLIES NUTRIENTS TO NEURONS
REMOVES EXCESS NEUROTRANSMITTERS
MAINTAINS APPROPRIATE BALANCE OF CA2+ AND K+
HELPS MIGRATION OF NEURONS DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
AIDS FORMATION OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
PARTICIPATES IN INFORMATION STORAGE PROCESSES
EPENDYMAL CELL
FOUND IN CNS/ BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD TISSUE
STRUCTURE: FORMS FORM EXTREMELY THIN MEMBRANE CALLED EPENDYMAL THAT LINES THE VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN AND CHOROID PLEXUSES
FUNCTIONS:PROTECTION
FORMS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
AIDS CIRCULATION AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
MICROGLIAL CELL
FOUND IN CNS
STRUCTURE: SMALL GLIAL CELLS
FUNCTION: PROTECTS CNS NEURONS FROM DISEASES E.G. BY CLEARING AWAY DEBRIS AND DEAD CELLS SOME DEFINES MICROGLIA HAVING A MAINLY SCAVENGING FUNCTION
download.jpg1_1.jpg2405f3a1-07b2-45a4-b3e3-7a6896922384Large.jpgTYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS/ GLIA CELLS
OLIGODENDROCYTE
FOUND IN CNS
STRUCTURE: DIFFERS FROM ASTROCYTES BY HAVING FEWER AND THINNER PROCESSES AND NO GAP JUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS: FORMS SUPPORTING NETWORK AROUND CNS NEURONS
EQUIVALENT OF SCHWANN CELLS AS THEY PRODUCE MYELIN SHEATH AROUND SEVERAL ADJACENT AXONS OF CNS NEURONS
SCHWANN CELLS
FORMS PART OF THE MYELIN SHEATH
ALSO HELPS WITH THE REGENERATION OF PNS AXONS
FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE
TO FORM COMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BY CONDUCTING ELECTRIC SIGNALS ACROSS TISSUE IN THE CNS THE GRAY MATTER WHICH CONTAINS SYNAPSES IS IMPORTANT FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING, WHITE MATTER CONTAINING MYELINATED AXONS CONNECTS AND FACILITATES NERVE IMPULSES IN BETWEEN GRAY MATTER AREAS IN THE CNS AND IN THE PNS, THAT GANGLION TISSUE CONTAINING THE CELL BODIES AND DENDRITES CONTAIN RELAY POINTS OF THE NERVE TISSUE IMPULSES. THE NERVE TISSUE CONTAINING MYELINATED AXON BUNDLES CARRIES ACTION POTENTIAL/ NERVE IMPULSES
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