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Network Communication-Network Communication-Supported Teacher Inservice Supported Teacher Inservice DevelopmentDevelopment
Mark Hawkes
Haomin Wang
Dakota State University
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Network Communication
“The provision of learning opportunities to a geographically dispersed multidimensional target audience”
Gall and Fuchs, 1988
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Evolution of Computer-Based Communication
Broadcast radio—the “one-to-many” model Cable and closed circuit televisionVideotapes and disc circulationBroadcast satellite—full-motion television Microwave band—transmitters and receivers with line of sight of each other Audiographics—combination of audio conferencing and usually graphic support
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ARPANET to Internet
Interactivity Time Independence Place Independence Multi-Participant Capacity Communication Storage and Retrievability Text Orientation
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Network Communication Supported Professional Development
Satisfies knowledge-based professional development needs:– Content area– Educational Policy– Professional Community
Promotes teacher collaborationFacilitated teacher critical reflection
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* indicates significance at the .05 level on Z-tests for percentages.
Social ExchangesLogistics
Technology UseGeneral PBL Development
PBL Technology IntegrationReview Curriculum Implementation Events
Student AssessmentClassroom Roles
Compare/ContrastResource Sharing
Motivation/Encouragement
General
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Percent (%)
Face-to-Face
CMC
*
**
*
*
Categories of Teacher Messages
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Percentage of Rater Observations at Each Reflective Level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Reflective Level
0
10
20
30
40
50
Per
cent
(%
)
Face-to-Face CMC
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Asynchronous & synchronous tools
Asynchronous Tools– BBS– Email – Listserv and Newsgroup
Synchronous Tools– Chat– Internet Telephony– Video Conferencing– Data conferencing
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Asynchronous Tools
BBS– WebBoard– FrontPage built-in discussion board– Other tools – such as caucus.com
Listserv & newsgroup– Joining existing listserv– Setting up a listserv for yourself– Subscribing to newsgroups through your ISP– Free newsgroup services on the Web
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WebBoard
Where to get it?How much does it cost?What’s required to run it?AdvantagesLimitationsInstructional implementation
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Synchronous Tools
Text Chat -- IRC chat, Instant messengerInternet Audio/Video Conferencing – NetMeeting, CU-SeeMeInternet Data Conferencing -- Application program sharing, WhiteboardIntegrated Web Course Offering Tools – WebCT, FirstClass, Lotus NotesTeleconferencing through dedicated connection -- VTEL
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Chat
ICQMS MessengerAOL Instant Messenger
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Internet Conferencing
MS NetMeeting 3.0– Chat– Internet Telephony– Video conferencing– Program sharing– Whiteboard– File transfer
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VTEL
What’s VTEL?– Capturing & encoding– Streaming & receiving– Computer and connection requirement
Three models– Personal desktop– Workgroup– Studio
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Implementing Network Technology for Professional Development
Climate of Interaction—the extent to which teachers in the discourse feel comfortable taking risks in communicating their ideas
• Ensure the confidentiality of their contributions
• Make sure that criticism is constructive and offered in an amiable way
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Implementing . . .
Moderator with limited facilitation role• Assists participants in gaining access to
conversational floor• Ensures technical topics do not dominate
discourse• Helps maintain discourse focus• Synthesizes contributions and points out how
reflective ideas were processes and how individual messages contributed to the reflective discourse
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Implementing . . .
Discourse Focus• Immediately applicable to the classroom• For K-6 teachers: age-level focus• For 7-12 teachers: content area focus• Anchored in pedagogy, not technology
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Implementing . . .
Participant Composition– Narrow participation--Homogeneous
grouping• Convergent tasking activities--curriculum
development, study group, study task force– Broad participation--Heterogeneous
grouping• Divergent tasking activities--brain storming,
anecdotal/experience sharing . . .
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Implementing . . .
Access at home– Better/faster access at home– More time at home– Teachers do a good deal of their
professional work at home
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Message Postings By Time of Day
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11am pm
0
5
10
15
20
Num
ber
of M
essa
ges
Week Day Weekend Reflective Messages
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Implementing . . .
Teacher Skills Training– Screen for presence of appropriate prerequisite
skills– Provide training concurrent with reasonable
technology access– Provide technical assistance away from the
discourse forum either through e-mail or as a separate conference thread
– Provide pointers to helpful online documents (FAQs)