Neuroanatomy for Exam #1
Basic Brain Anatomy
Lange
Biology 463 - Neurobiology
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434.
(b)(a)
Lateralventricle
Posteriorhorn
Thirdventricle
Cerebralaqueduct
Fourthventricle
Medianaperture
Anteriorhorn
Inter-ventricularforamenInferiorhorn
Lateralaperture Central
canal
Lateralventricle
SeptumpellucidumThirdventricle
Cerebralaqueduct
Left lateral viewAnterior view
Fourthventricle
Centralcanal
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 12.6a-b: Lobes and fissures of the cerebral hemispheres, p. 435.
(a)
(b)
Postcentral gyrus
Central sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe
Parieto-occipital sulcus (on medial surfaceof hemisphere)
Lateral sulcus
Transversecerebral fissure
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Cortex(gray matter)
Fissure(a deep sulcus)
Gyrus
Sulcus
White matter
Central sulcusFrontal lobe
Temporal lobe(pulled down)
Gyri of insula
Pons
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
central canal - the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord
central sulcus - a fold in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates
cerebellum - a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language
cingulate gyrus - a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex receiving input from the thalamus
corpus callosum - a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication
fornix - a C-shaped bundle of fibers (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus
frontal lobe - the front region of the cerebrum
hippocampus - plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory
hypothalamus - a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. The most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
lateral sulcus - divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below
longitudinal fissure - the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain
medulla oblongota - contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic (involuntary) functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
occipital lobe - the visual processing center of the mammalian brain
parietal lobe - integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation
pineal body - a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain that produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of sleep
pituitary gland - the master control gland of the mammalian body
pons - nuclei that transmit neural input from the periphery to the cerebrum that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.
postcentral gyrus - prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
precentral gyrus - prominent structure in the frontal lobe of the human brain and an important landmark. It is the location of the primary motor cortex cortex
temporal lobe - region of the cerebral cortex involved in the retention of visual memories, processing sensory input, comprehending language,
thalamus - relay center for both sensory and motor input to the cortex
Cerebrospinal Fluid Filled Spaces:
cerebral aqueduct - within the mesencephalon, this space contains cerebrospinal fluid and connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
fourth ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain
interventricular foramen - channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at the midline of the brain
lateral ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain
third ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain