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NEW AND INNOVATIVE
MATERIALS FOR LONG LASTING
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
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MODIFIED BINDERS FOR
IMPROVED PERFORMANCE
OF HIGHWAYS
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TYPES OF POLYMERS
Plastomers
– High stiffness - low ductility
– Typical kinds - LDPE, polyolefin,
Elastomers
– Low initial stiffness - high ductility
– Typical kinds - SB, SBS, SBR
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TECHNICAL REASONS FOR
USE OF POLYMERS
Stiffer mixtures at higher temperatures
Softer mixtures at low service temperatures
Improved fatigue resistance of HMA mixtures
Reduced life cycle costs of HMA pavements
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POLYMERS -
CONSTRUCTION CONCERNS
Separation
Higher construction temperatures
Difficult to handle
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TYPES OF BITUMEN MODIFIERS
Types of
Modifiers
Examples
Plastomeric
Thermoplastics
Polythylene (PE), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA),
Ethylene Butyl Acrylate (EBA) and Ethylene Ter
Polymer (ETP), etc.
Elastomeric
Thermoplastics
Styrene Isoprene Styrene (SIS), Styrene-
Butadiene – Styrene (SBS) block copolymer,
etc.
Synthetic Rubber
Latex
Styrene Butadine Rubber (SBR) latex and any
other suitable synthetic rubber
Natural Rubber Latex or Rubber power
Crumb Rubber Crumb Rubber powder from discarded truck
tyres further improved by additives, viz.,
gilstones resin, etc.
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APPLICATIONS OF RUBBER AND
POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN
Modified Bitumen – High Stiffness Modulus
Enhanced Fatigue Life
Better Resistance to Creep
High Indirect Tensile Strength
Quite Suitable as Renewal Course and Overlay Material
Used as Stress Absorbing Membrane (SAM) for Sealing of Cracks
Used as Interim Overlay for Preventive Maintenance
Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer to Delay Reflection Cracking
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PERMANENT
DEFORMATION
Heavy Wheel Loads
High Service Temperature
Slow Speed
Channelised Traffic
High Tyre Pressure
Stiffness of the Asphalt Mixture
Stiffness of Asphalt Binder
Degree of Compaction
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SOLUTIONS
Use Stiffer Mix
Stiffer Binder with High Softening Point, High
Temperature Behaviour without Loss of Low
Temperature Properties
Stiffer Binder has a Risk of Low Temperature
Cracking !!
Use Polymer Modifier Without Risk of Low
Temperature Cracking – High Softening Point and
Low Breaking Point
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SMA is a gap graded aggregate asphalt
hotmix that maximises the asphalt cement
content and coarse aggregate fraction.
SMA provides a stable stone on stone
skeleton that is held together by a rich
mixture or asphalt cement, filler and
stabilising additive
STONE MATRIX ASPHALT (SMA)
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Dense Graded Mix
SMA Mix
COMPARISON OF SMA AND DENSE
GRADED MIXES
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FIBRES IN SMA
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WARM MIX ASPHALT
Technological improvements to enhance
material performance
Increase construction efficiency
Conserve resources
Advance environmental stewardship
Methods to reduce material production
temperature
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WHAT IS
WARM MIX ASPHALT (WMA)?
WMA is asphalt mix technology suitable for use with :
– conventional hot mix aggregates & binders;
– continuous & batch mix production plants;
– common hauling, paving, & compaction equipment; and
– standard HMA mix design & testing methods.
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WHAT IS
WARM MIX ASPHALT (WMA)?
WMA is asphalt mix technology that :
allows asphalt mix production at temperatures 85 to 100 F (30 to 50 C) below HMA production & construction temperatures,
while delivering the same or better performance properties as conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA)
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TEMPERATURE
Crucial for aggregate coating
Matrix stability during production and
transport
Ease of placement and compaction
Temperature high enough to ensure
workability of the mix, but below the
temperature at which drain-down and
excessive binder hardening occur
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Grade Bitumen Agg. Mix Laying Rolling
65 150 - 165 150 - 170 165 Max 125 Min 90 Min
90 140 - 160 140 - 165 155 Max 115 Min 80 Min
TEMPERATURE
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FIELD PROBLEMS
Modern performance requirements dictate use of PMB, more angular aggregates, higher in-place density
Insurance against permanent deformation at high temperature
PMB mixes-difficult to work than mixes with unmodified binders
Tendency to raise production and placement temperature increased plant emissions and fumes
Reduce temperature of the plant mix reduced emission, energy savings
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PERFORMANCE IMPACT
Reduction in production temperature :
Reduced rate of cooling
Improved compaction
Reduced mixture aging
Improved crack resistance
More time for compaction – extended time
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LOWER PRODUCTION AND
PAVING TEMPERATURE
Enhance compaction characteristics by
lowering the viscosity of the binder at low
temperature
Reduction in short term aging; loss of stability
resulting in increased rutting
Use of foam bitumen/emulsion moisture
effect viz., stripping
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Binder Hardening
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Virgin AC Recovered
AC
2 years
Pe
n
Hot Mix
Evotherm
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Geosynthetics
Geosynthetics in civil engineering
Geotextiles – Woven and Non woven
Geogrids – Flexible and Rigid
Geonets
Geoties
Geomembranes
Band drains
Polymer based – Polypropylene, Polyester, PVC, Polyamide, Polyethylene
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Geotextile Usage
About 3 billion square m of geotextiles
estimated to have been used world wide
last year – China using about 50 per cent
of this quantity
About 5 to 10 million square m of
geosynthetics used in India last year, worth
Rs.100 Crores
Huge potential for usage of geosynthetics
in on-going road development projects
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Geosynthetic Usage – Potential Areas
Black Cotton Soil Areas – Geotextile
application
Coastal and Delta Regions – Band drains
Hilly Terrain – Erosion control with the
use of Geotextiles – Synthetic and Natural
Reinforced soil structures using polymeric
geosynthetics
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Truck on Sub-Base without Geogrid
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Truck on Sub-Base with Geogrid
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SOIL SQUEEZES
Failure
Base Failure / Bearing Capacity Failure /
Failure by Lateral Spreading
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REINFORCED FOUNDATION
Reinforcement
Multi - layer Reinforcement / Geocell mattress
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Use of Geotextile as
Separator in
NHDP Work(Four-laning work on
NH-6, Dankuni to Kolaghat,
Km 17 to 72, West Bengal)
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Use of Geosynthetics in
Black Topped Pavement
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Use of Geosynthetics
in Concrete Pavement
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Project – Visakhapatnam Port Connectivity Road
Distinguishing feature – Ground improvement using
band drains for a length of 4 km
Spacing of band drains – 1.15 m centre to centre and
waiting period – 350 days
Ground Improvement Using
Geosynthetic Band Drains
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Installation of band drains
Stitcher for
installing band
drains
Close up view of mandrel
for installing band drain
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Band Drains After Installation
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THANK YOU