12/11/2015
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NewDevelopmentsinOvulationSynchronization
Milo Wiltbank [email protected],
Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
12/11/2015
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21d-Preg Rate
ServiceRate
ConceptionRisk
30%
Ovsynch
To Celebrate 20 Years of Ovsynching
Let’s DoLargest Synchronized Ovulation
in History
12/11/2015
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What have we learned about Ovsynch in 20 years?
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF GnRH TAI
Improves Service Rate!
Does not improve Conception Risk!
Days to First Artificial Insemination
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Ovsynch decreasedaverage days open by
19 days (118 to 99)
Days to Conception (Days Open)
Conception Risk
Expt.# of
AnimalsControl -
EstrusOvsynch
Lactating Cows 1 546 42% 39%
2 311 39% 39%
Heifers 2 155 74% 35%*
No improvement in conception risk with Ovsynch.
Ovsynch can decrease conception risk in animals with high fertility to estrus.
12/11/2015
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What have we learned about Ovsynch in 20 years?
Meta-Analysis of 71 Treatment and Control Comparisons extracted from 51 research papers.
Ovsynch Original
Rabiee et al., 2005
32% 42%
47% 32%
38% 60%
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10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Conception Rate in relation to milk productionSantos et al., 2001
Co
ws
pre
gn
ant
(%)
Milk production (kg/d)20 36 5042 69
All Cows Bred to Standing Heat
48%39%
35% 31%Ovsynch
Better Ovsynchs
LH surge
Estradiol
Progesterone
PreovulatoryFollicles
21 5-1 0 43Days from luteolysis
Lower producer
• Delayed LH surge• Ovulation of a larger follicle
• Shorter estrus
• Early LH surge• Ovulation of a smaller follicle
• Longer estrus
Higher producer
Oocyte overexposure to LH pulses
Premature oocytematuration
Ovulation of an aged oocyte
GnRH
12/11/2015
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What have we learned about Ovsynch in 20 years?
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF GnRH TAI 32%
Why 32%?
It’s not that great!
What have we learned about Ovsynch in 20 years?
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF GnRH TAI Why 32%?
Cows Not Correctly Synchronized
High P4 Low P4 vulationO20%
Cows Correctly Synchronized
15‐25% 5‐15%
~50%
~50% CR=60%
CR<10%
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Pregnancies per AI
1. Ovsynch = Detection of Estrus ~ 32%
2. Presynch-12-Ovsynch > Ovsynch
Ovsynch Presynch12-Ovsynch
Moreira et al., 1997 Florida(only cycling cows)
29%a
(76/262)43%b
(114/264)+14%
(14/29=+48%)
Stevenson et al., 2003 Kansas State (all cows)
36%a
(98/272) 48%b
(133/278)+12%
(12/36=+33%)
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1st AI conception rates in Presynch-11 vs Estrus in lactating dairy cows
31%
45%P < 0.0001
n = 706 n = 651
Strickland et al., 2010
EstrusPresynch-11-Ovsynch
14/31 = +45%
Pregnancies per AI
1. Ovsynch = Detection of Estrus ~ 32%
2. Presynch-12-Ovsynch > Ovsynch
3. Presynch-11-Ovsynch > Estrus
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Presynch-11 Ovsynchwith or without heat detection
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
PGF
PGF
GnRH
PGF GnRH AI
+ Estrus Detection28.9%
37.9%
49.2%
Pregnancies per AI1. Ovsynch = Detection of Estrus ~ 32%
2. Presynch-12-Ovsynch > Ovsynch
3. Presynch-11-Ovsynch > Estrus
4. Presynch-11-Ovsynch all timed AI > Presynch-11-Ovsynch with estrus detection
12/11/2015
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19 Different studies summarized in Bamber et al., 2009
23.3% (1,356/5,818)
6 Different studies summarized in Wiltbank et al., 2006
26.1%% (726/2783)
8 Different studies summarized in Bisinotto et al., 2010
22.6% (1,267/5,607)
Stevenson et al., 2008 25.5% (270/1060)Veira-Neto et al., 2014 22.2% (348/1569)
Colazo et al., 2013 17.6% (107/608)Herlihy et al., 2012 24.7% (92/373)
Total 23.2% (3,858/16,651)
Incidence of Anovulation at 60-70 days after calving.
Double Ovsynch ScheduleSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF
GnRH
GnRH1
PGF PM GnRH
TAI-AM
CL ?
12/11/2015
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% Anovular @ First GnRH
Double Ovsynch
Presynch-12-Ovsynch
P -value
Anovular @ GnRH1 (%)
6.3 %(23/366)
24.7 %(92/373)
<0.01
Pregnant/AI (%)
46.3 %(383/837)
38.2 %(349/850)
0.01
Pregnancies per AI1. Ovsynch = Detection of Estrus ~ 32%
2. Presynch-12-Ovsynch > Ovsynch
3. Presynch-11-Ovsynch > Estrus
4. Presynch-11-Ovsynch all timed AI > Presynch-11-Ovsynch with estrus detection
5. Double-Ovsynch > Presynch-12-Ovsynch
12/11/2015
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Double Ovsynch ScheduleSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF
GnRH
GnRH
PGF PGF PM GnRH
TAI-AM
Effect of a 2nd PGF
Parity One PGF% (n/n)
Two PGFs% (n/n)
Effect of PGF Difference (P)
Primiparous 38.90 (135/347)
40.82 (138/338)
+ 4.94% (P = 0.304)
Multiparous 32.60 (295/905)
36.47 (329/902)
+11.87% (P = 0.046)
P Value 0.04 0.17
Overall 34.35 (430/1252)
37.66 (467/1240)
+9.64% (P = 0.042)
12/11/2015
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Pregnancies per AI
1. Ovsynch = Detection of Estrus ~ 32%
2. Presynch-12-Ovsynch > Ovsynch
3. Presynch-11-Ovsynch > Estrus
4. Presynch-11-Ovsynch all timed AI > Presynch-11-Ovsynch with estrus detection
5. Double-Ovsynch > Presynch-12-Ovsynch
6. Double-Ovsynch w 2nd PGF > Double-Ovsynch
21d-Preg Rate
ServiceRate
ConceptionRisk
1995 –14%
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Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF GnRH TAI
d 3
d 10
d 17
d 24
d 31 GnRH
d 38 PGF GnRH TAI
d 45
32%
32%
42 daysBetween AIs
21-dayPreg Rate= 18%
Day 32
21d-Preg Rate
ServiceRate
ConceptionRisk
1995 –14%
2010 –22%
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Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF
GnRH
GnRH
PGF GnRH TAI
d 3
d 10
d 17
d 24
d 31 GnRH
d 38 PGF GnRH TAI
d 45
32%46%
32%
42 daysBetween AIs
21-dayPreg Rate= 22%
+PGF 51%
21-dayPreg Rate= 24%
+PGF 36%
21-dayPreg Rate= 26%
21d-Preg Rate
ServiceRate
ConceptionRisk
1995 –14% 2015 –30%
12/11/2015
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Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
GnRH
PGF
GnRH
GnRH
PGF PGF GnRH TAI
d 3
d 10
d 17
d 24 GnRH
d 31 PGF GnRH TAI
d 38
51%
32%
35 daysBetween AIs
First AI = Double-Ovsynch2nd+ AIs = Resynch-25+CL check
Day 32 +PGF 36%
21‐dayPreg Rate= 32%
If No CL (15%) Start New Ovsynch with CIDR
42%
Reproductive GoalsI. First AI
A. No cow past 100 DIM at first AIB. High fertility at First AI; P/AI > 44%
II. Second and later AIsA. Short time between AIs (< 42 days)B. High fertility at 2nd+ AIs; P/AI > 36%
Have Consistent High Fertility Reproductive Management Program
Optimize Nutrition, Management, and Health to Optimize Success of the Program
12/11/2015
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Proper nutrition during the dry period, transition period, before AI, and after AI is essential for optimizing reproductive efficiency.
Improving Reproduction
Genetics
NutritionMan
agem
ent P
hysiology
Genomics allow selection of cows that are high for DPR and Cow conception rate.
Reproductive management programs are available that drive service rate and also improve fertility.
Cow comfort, compliance, and AI skills are all essential for reproductive management.
Date Pregnancy Eligible
Pregnant 21‐dPregRate
5/1/2014 131 46 35%
5/22/2014 114 27 24%
6/12/2014 126 41 33%
7/03/2014 111 32 29%
7/24/2014 101 30 30%
8/14/2014 94 29 31%
9/04/2014 93 27 29%
9/25/2014 101 35 35%
10/16/2014 114 49 43%
11/6/2014 92 29 32%
TOTAL 1,077 345 32%
Pregnancy Eligible
Pregnant 21‐day Preg Rate
192 24 12%
199 30 15%
230 32 14%
237 35 15%
263 56 21%
261 35 13%
294 55 19%
279 64 23%
224 21 9%
0 0 0
2,179 352 16%
Date Pregnancy Eligible
Pregnant 21‐dPregRate
5/1/2014 131 46 35%
5/22/2014 114 27 24%
6/12/2014 126 41 33%
7/03/2014 111 32 29%
7/24/2014 101 30 30%
8/14/2014 94 29 31%
9/04/2014 93 27 29%
9/25/2014 101 35 35%
10/16/2014 114 49 43%
11/6/2014 92 29 32%
TOTAL 1,077 345 32%
Farm 2; VWP= 76 DIM
Farm 1; VWP= 40 DIM
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Item Farm 1 Farm 2 Difference
21‐d Preg Rate 16% 32% 2X
Service RateConception RiskFirst Service CR
2+ Service CR
PGF Use
GnRH Use
Straw/pregnancyStraw/Cow
Item Farm 1 Farm 2 Difference
21‐d Preg Rate 16% 32% 2X
Service Rate 52% 67% 129%Conception Risk
32.7%(356/1089)
50.5%(369/730)
156%
First Service CR
2+ Service CR
PGF Use
GnRH Use
Straw/pregnancyStraw/Cow
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Item Farm 1 Farm 2 Difference
21‐d Preg Rate 16% 32% 2X
Service Rate 52% 67% 129%Conception Risk
32.7%(356/1089)
50.5%(369/730)
156%
First Service CR 32.3%(146/452)
57.7% (205/355)
179%
2+ Service CR 33.0% (210/637)
43.7%(164/375)
132%
PGF Use
GnRH Use
Straw/pregnancyStraw/Cow
Item Farm 1 Farm 2 Difference
21‐d Preg Rate 16% 32% 2X
Service Rate 52% 67% 129%Conception Risk
32.7%(356/1089)
50.5%(369/730)
156%
First Service CR 32.3%(146/452)
57.7% (205/355)
179%
2+ Service CR 33.0% (210/637)
43.7%(164/375)
132%
PGF Use 2.79/cow 4.92/cow 2.13 X $2.65 =
$5.64
GnRH Use 3.09/cow 5.92/cow 2.83 X $1.55 =
$4.39
Straw/pregnancyStraw/Cow
3.06/pregnancy
3.17/cow1.98/pregnancy
2.46/cow
‐0.71 X $20.00 =
‐$14.20
12/11/2015
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Proper nutrition during the dry period, transition period, before AI, and after AI is essential for optimizing reproductive efficiency.
Improving Reproduction
Genetics
NutritionMan
agem
ent P
hysiology
Genomics allow selection of cows that are high for DPR and Cow conception rate.
Reproductive management programs are available that drive service rate and also improve fertility.
Cow comfort, compliance, and AI skills are all essential for reproductive management.