Download - New Dictionary of Scientific Biography
New Dictionary of Scientific Biography
VOLUME 8
INDEX
Noretta KoertgeEDITOR IN CHIEF
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
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List of Scientists by Field
Abel, Niels Henrik
Adams, John Frank
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana
Ahlfors, Lars
Albert of Saxony
Apollonius of Perga
Archimedes
Arf, Cahit
Argyrus, Isaac
Babbage, Charles
Bacon, Roger
Baldi, Bernardino
Bernoulli, Jakob (Jacob, Jacques,
James) 1
Bers, Lipmann
Birkhoff, Garrett
Bogolubov, Nikolai Nikolaevich'
Borel, Armand
Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso
Bourbaki, Nicolas
Bradwardine, Thomas
Calderon, Alberto Pedro .
Cantor, Georg Ferdinand Ludwig
Cardano, Girolamo
Cauchy, Augustin-Louis
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
Chern, Shiing-Shen
Chevalley, Claude
Clavius, Christoph
Coignet, Michiel
MATHEMATICS
d'Alembert (Dalembert, D'Alembert),Jean Le Rond
de Finetti, BrunoDe Giorgi, EnnioDescartes, Rene Du PerronDidymusDieudonne, JeanDijkstra, Wybe EdsgerDodgson, Charles LutwidgeEhrenfest-Afanas'eva, Tatiana A.Eilenberg, SamuelErdos, PaulEuclid
Euler, LeonhardFarey, JohnFeit, WalterFisher, Ronald AylmerForsythe, George ElmerFrege, Friedrich Ludwig GottlobGodel, Kurt FriedrichGorenstein, DanielGrossmann, MarcelHall, Philip
Hamilton, William RowanHarish-ChandraHarriot (or Hariot), ThomasHartree, Douglas RaynerHausdorff, FelixHero of AlexandriaHilbert, DavidHipparchus
Hirst, Thomas ArcherHondius, JodocusHypatiaIbn al-Haytham, Abu 'Ali al-hasan
Ibn al-hasanIbrahim Ibn Sinan Ibn Thabit Ibn
QurraInglada, VicenteJeffreys, HaroldJungius, JoachimKeldysh, Mstislav VsevolodovichKepler, JohannesKing, Ada Augusta, the Countess of
Lovelace
Kodaira, KunihikoKolmogorov, Andrei NikolaevichKovalevskaya, Sofya Vasilyevna
(Sonya)Ladyzhenskaya, Olga AlexandrovnaLanz, Jose Maria deLeibniz, Gottfried WilhelmLeray, JeanLichnerowicz, AndreLie, SophusLions, Jacques-LouisMac Lane, SaundersMauchly, John William,Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau deMcCrea, William HunterMcVittie, George CunliffeMilankovic, Milutin
XXXIX
List of Scientists by Field
Monte, Guidobaldo, Marchese delMonteiro, Antonio A.Morse, MarstonMoschopoulos, ManuelMoser, Jiirgen K.Nash, John Forbes, Jr.Newell, Homer Edward, Jr.Newton, IsaacOleinik, Olga ArsenievnaOresme, NicolePachymeres, GeorgesPearson, KarlPiero della FrancescaPoincare, Jules HenriPontryagin, Lev SemionovichPrachaticz, Cristannus de
Ptolemais of CyrenePtolemyQiihl (or al-Kuhl), Abu Sahl Wayjan
Ibn Rustam al-Ramsey, Frank PlumptonRamus, Peter, also known as Pierre de
la RameeRegiomontanus, JohannesRichardson, Lewis FryRobinson, Julia BowmanRota, Gian-CarloSavage, Leonard JamesSchwartz, LaurentSeaborg, Glenn TheodoreStephanus of AlexandriaSylvester, James Joseph
Tarski, AlfredTucker, Albert WilliamTuring, Alan MathisonTusi, Sharaf al-Dln al-Muzaffar Ibn
Muhammad Ibn al-Muzaffar al-Tutte, William (Bill) ThomasTversky, AmosValens, VettiusVinogradov, I. M.Walker, Gilbert Thomas .Weil, Andre
Weyl, Hermann Claus HugoWhitney, HasslerWigner, EugeneWilkinson, James HardyZygmund, Antoni
Bayes, ThomasBernoulli, JakobBroadbent, Donald EricBuffon, George-Louis Le Clerc,
Comte deCarnap, Paul Rudolfde Finetti, BrunoDodgson, Charles LutwidgeFisher, Ronald AylmerGodel, Kurt FriedrichGoodman, Nelson HenryHarsanyi, John Charles
PROBABILITY/DECISION AND GAME THEORY
Jeffrey, Richard CarlJeffreys, HaroldKeynes, John MaynardKolmogorov, Andrei NikolaevichKuhn, Thomas SamuelLewis, DavidMill, John StuartMorgenstern, OskarNash, John Forbes, Jr.Nozick, RobertOlson, Mancur, Jr.Pareto, Vilfredo
Pearson, Karl
Popper, Karl Raimund
Ramsey, Frank Plumpton
Riker, William Harrison
Savage, Leonard James
Schwartz, Laurent
Simon, Herbert Alexander
Tarski, Alfred
Tucker, Albert William
Tversky, Amos
Vickrey, William Spencer
Albert of SaxonyBuridan, John (Jean)Burley, WalterCarnap, Paul RudolfChrysippiusDijkstra, Wybe EdsgerDodgson, Charles LutwidgeFrege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob
LOGIC
GalenGodel, Kurt FriedrichGoodman, Nelson HenryJungius, JoachimLewis, DavidOckham, William ofPopper, Karl RaimundRamsey, Frank Plumpton
Ramus, Peter, also known as Pierre dela Ramee
RazI, Abu Bakr Muhammad IbnZakariyya', Al-
Robinson, Julia BowmanTarski, AlfredTuring, Alan MathisonZuse, Konrad
Babbage, CharlesDijkstra, Wybe EdsgerEckert, J. (John Adam) Presper, Jr.Forsythe, George ElmerHopper, Grace
COMPUTER SCIENCE
King, Ada Augusta, the Countess ofLovelace
Licklider, Joseph Carl RobnettNewell, Allen •Mauchly, John William
Shannon, ClaudeStrachey, ChristopherTuring, Alan MathisonWilkinson, James HardyZuse, Konrad
XL NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
List of Scientists by Field
Adelard of BathAlbertus Magnus, SaintAli al-Qushji, Abu al-Qasim Ala' al-
Dln All ibn Muhammad QushjT-zade
Bacon, FrancisBacon, RogerBasson (Basso), Sebastien (Sebastian,
Sebastiano)Blasius of ParmaBorro, GirolamoBoyle, RobertBradwardine, ThomasBruno, GiordanoBuffon, George-Louis Le Clerc,
Comte deBuonamici, FrancescoBurgersdijk, Frank Pieterszoon
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
Buridan, John (Jean)Burley, WalterCabeo, NiccoloCampanella, TommasoCavendish, Margaret, Duchess of
NewcastleConway, AnneDescartes, Rene Du PerronDumbleton, JohnEmpedocles of AcragasEriugena, Johannes ScottusGassendi, PierreGorlaeus (van Goorle, van Gooirle),
DavidHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista
VanJohn PhiloponusJungius, Joachim
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de
Newton, Isaac
Nifo, Agostino
Olympiodorus of Alexandria
Oresme, Nicole
Paracelsus
Plato
Rufus, Richard of Cornwall
Stephanus of Alexandria
Strato of Lampsacus.
Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio
Anastasio
Winthrop, John, Jr.
Xenarchus
Zabarella, Jacopo (Giacomo)
Alfven, Hannes Olof GostaAristotleBacon, FrancisBondi, HermannBrahe, TychoBruno, GiordanoChrysippusClavius, ChristophCopernicus, NicholasDicke, Robert Henry
COSMOLOGY
Eddington, Arthur StanleyGold, ThomasHeckmann, Otto Hermann LeopoldHerschel, WilliamHoyle, FredJordan, Ernst PascualKuiper, Gerard PeterMcCrea, William HunterMcVittie, George CunliffeMorrison, Philip
Newton, Isaac
Ptolemy
Ryle, Martin
Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich
Sciama, Dennis William
Sitter, Willem de
Tinsley, Beatrice
Wilkinson, David Todd
Zeldovich, Yakov Borisovich
Airy, George BiddellAli al-QushjI, Abu al-Qasim Ala' al-
Dln All ibn Muhammad QushjI-
zadeAmbartsumian Amazaspovich, ViktorApolliniariusArgyrus, IsaacBabcock, Horace WelcomeBacon, RogerBahcall, John NorrisBanneker, BenjaminBernoulli, Jakob (Jacob, Jacques,
James) IBiermann, Ludwig Franz BenediktBok, Bartholomeus (Bart) JanBolton, John Gatenby
ASTRONOMY
Borelli, Giovanni AlfonsoBrahe, TychoChandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
Chioniades, George (or Gregory)Clavius, Christoph
Copernicus, Nicholas
d'Alembert (Dalembert, D'Alembert),Jean Le Rond
Diodorus of AlexandriaEddington, Arthur StanleyEdlen, BengtEuler, LeonhardGalilei, GalileoGassendi, PierreGold, ThomasGreaves, John
Greenstein, Jesse LeonardHarriot (or Hariot), ThomasHeckmann, Otto Hermann Leopold
Herschel, Caroline LucretiaHerschel, JohnHerschel, William
HipparchusHoyle, FredIbn al-Haytham, Abu 'Ali al-hasan
Ibn al-hasanIbrahim Ibn Sinan Ibn Thabit Ibn
QurraJaghminl, Sharaf al-Dln Mahmud ibn
Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Kuiper, GerardLep tines
NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLI
List of Scientists by Field
Liais, Emmanuel-Bernardin
McCrea, William Hunter
McVittie, George Cunliffe
Meliteniotes, Theodore
Menzel, Donald Howard
Monte, Guidobaldo, Marchese del
Newton, Isaac
Oort, Jan Hendrik
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena
Prachaticz, Cristannus de
Ptolemy
Purcell, Edward Mills
Runcorn, Stanley Keith
QuhT (or al-Kuhl), Abu Sahl Wayjan
Ibn Rustam al-
Qufb al-Dln Mahmud ibn Mas'ud
ibn al-Muslih al-ShTrazT
Ramus, Peter
Regiomontanus, Johannes
Ryle, Martin
Sagan, Carl
Schwarzschild, Martin
Shklovskii, Iosif Samuilovich
Sitter, Willem de
Spitzer, Lyman
Stephanus of Alexandria
Strorngren, Bengt Georg Daniel
Timocharis
Tinsley, Beatrice
TusI, Sharaf al-Din al-Muzaffar Ibn
Muhammad Ibn al-Muzaffar al-
Unsold, Albrecht Otto Johannes
Valens, Vettius
Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
Westphal, James A.
Whewell, William
Whipple, Fred Lawrence
Winkelmann, Maria Margaretha
Xenarchus
Ambartsumian, Viktor AmazaspovichBabcock, Horace WelcomeBahcall, John NorrisBiermann, LudwigBok, Bartholomeus (Bart) JanBolton, JohnBondi, HermannChandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanEddington, Arthur StanleyEdlen, BengtFowler, William A.Friedman, HerbertGold, ThomasGreenstein, Jesse Leonard
ASTROPHYSICS
Heckmann, Otto Hermann LeopoldHerzberg, GerhardHoyle, FredJeffreys, HaroldKuiper, Gerard PeterLauritsen, Charles ChristianMcCrea, William HunterMenzel, Donald HowardMorrison, PhilipNewell, Homer Edward, Jr.Oort, Jan HendrikPayne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia HelenaPurcell, Edward MillsRyle, Martin
Sagan, Carl
Schwarzschild, Martin
Sciama, Dennis William
Shklovskii, Iosif Samuilovich
Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
Stromgren, Bengt Georg Daniel
Tinsley, Beatrice
Unsold, Albrecht Otto Johannes
Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
Westphal, James
Whipple, Fred
Wilkinson, David Todd
Zeldovich, Yakov Borisovich
Bahcall, John NorrisFriedman, HerbertGoldberg, LeoHorowitz, Norman HaroldKeldysh, Mstislav VsevolodovichKlein, Harold P.Kuiper, Gerard Peter
SPACE SCIENCE
Miller, Stanley LloydNewell, Homer Edward, Jr.Pickering, William HaywardRossi, Bruno BenedettoSagan, Carl EdwardShoemaker, Eugene MerleSoffen, Gerald Alan
Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
Tousey, Richard
Van Allen, James A.
von Braun, Wernher
Westphal, James A.
Whipple, Fred Lawrence
CLASSICAL PHYSICS
ArchimedesBaldi, BernardinoBassi Verati (Veratti), Laura Maria
CaterinaBernoulli, Jakob (Jacob, Jacques,
James) IBlair, Robert
Borelli, Giovanni AlfonsoCabeo, NiccoloCauchy, Augustin-LouisCrosse, Andrewd'Alembert (Dalembert, D'Alembert),
Jean Le RondDamianus of Larissa
Descartes, Rend Du PerronDuhem, Pierre-Maurice-MarieEuler, LeonhardFaraday, MichaelFoster, George CareyGalilei, GalileoGarzoni, Leonardo S. J.
XLII NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
List of Scientists by Field
Gassendi, PierreHamilton, William RowanHero of AlexandriaHertz, Heinrich RudolfIbn al-Haytham, Abu 'Ali al-hasan
Ibn al-hasanKeldysh, Mstislav Vsevolodovich
Kepler, JohannesLeibniz, Gottfried WilhelmMairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous deMaupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau deMilankovic, MilutinMonte, Guidobaldo, Marchese delMoser, Jurgen K.
Newton, IsaacPoincare, Jules HenriRamus, PeterVoigt, WoldemarVolta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio
AnastasioWollaston, William Hyde
Boltzmann, Ludwig EduardEhrenfest-Afanas'eva, Tatiana A.Flory, Paul JohnKorzhinskii, Dimitri Sergeyevich
THERMODYNAMICS/STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Odum, Howard Thomas Touschek, Bruno
Prigogine, Ilya Uhlenbeck, George
Schottky, Walter Hans Voigt, Woldemar
Bell, John StewartBethe, Hans AlbrechtBloch, FelixBogolubov, Nikolai NikolaevichBohm, David JosephBoltzmann, Ludwig EduardBondi, HermannBroglie, Louis (Victor Pierre
Raymond)Casimir, Hendrik Brugt GerhardCondon, Edward UhlerDicke, Robert HenryEddington, Arthur StanleyEinstein, AlbertFeynman, Richard PhillipsGodel, Kurt FriedrichGursey, Feza
THEORETICAL PHYSICS
Hartree, Douglas RaynerHtickel, Erich Armand ArthurJordan, Ernst PascualLichnerowicz, AndreLorentz, Hendrik AntoonMairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous de-Menzel, Donald HowardMorrison, PhilipOppenheimer, J. RobertPauli, WolfgangPauling, Linus CarlPoincare, Jules HenriPopper, Karl RaimundSakharov, Andrei DmitriyevichSalam, Muhammad Abdus
(Abdussalam)Schwinger, Julian
Sciama, Dennis William
Shklovskii, Iosif Samuilovich
Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes
Wilhelm
Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
Strutt, John William, third Baron
Rayleigh
Teller, Edward
Touschek, Bruno
Uhlenbeck, George
Voigt, Woldemar
Weisskopf, Victor Frederick
Weyl, Hermann Claus Hugo
Wigner, Eugene
Zeldovich, Yakov Borisovich
Amaldi, EdoardoBacher, RobertBlacken, Patrick Maynard StuartBlau, MariettaBohr, Niels Henrik DavidCherenkov, Pavel AlekseyevichFlerov, Georgii NikolaevichFowler, William A.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE/RADIOACTIVITY
Hahn, OttoLauritsen, Charles ChristianLibby, Willard FrankLivingston, Milton StanleyOppenheimer, J. RobertPerey, Marguerite CatherinePrimakoff, HenryRabi, Isidor Isaac
Segre, Emilio GinoSerber, RobertSzilard, LeoUhlenbeck, GeorgeWeisskopf, Victor FrederickWilkinson, Sir GeoffreyWu Chien-ShiungZhao, Zhongyao
Alfven, Hannes Olof GostaAlvarez, Luis Walter
PARTICLE/HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
Bell, John StewartBreit, Gregory
Budker, Gersh ItskovichCherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich
NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLIII
List of Scientists by Field
Feynman, Richard PhillipsGoldberg, LeoHoyle, FredMigdal, Arkady BenediktovichMorrison, Philip
Occhialini, GiuseppePrimakoff, HenrySalam, Muhammad Abdus
(Abdussalam)Schwinger, Julian
Seaborg, Glenn (Glen) Theodore
Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
Touschek, Bruno
Wilson, Robert Rathbun
Bardeen, JohnBloch, FelixCollongues, RobertCondon, Edward Uhler
CONDENSED MATTER/SOLID STATE
Friedman, Herbert
Kapitsa (or Kapitza), Petr LeonidovichMigdal, Arkady BenediktovichMott, Nevill Francis
Primakoff, HenrySchottky, Walter HansShockley, William BradfordWilson, Sir Alan Herries
Arconville, Marie Genevieve CharlotteThiroux d'
Arnald of Villanova (Pseudo)Becher, Johann JoachimBodenstein, Adam ofBoyle, RobertHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista
VanHomberg, Wilhelm
ALCHEMY/CHYMISTRY
Jabir ibn Hayyan
Jungius, Joachim
Lull, Ramon
Newton, Isaac
Olympiodorus of Alexandria
Paracelsus, Theophrastus Philippus
Aureolus Bombastus von
Hohenheim
RazI, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn
Zakariyya.', al-
Stahl, Georg Ernst
Suchten, Alexander von
Stephanus of Alexandria
Winthrop, John, Jr.
Zosimos of Panopolis
Arconville, Marie Genevieve CharlotteThiroux d'
Becher, Johann JoachimBerzelius, Jons JacobCullen, WilliamCrosse, AndrewDavy, HumphreyFoster, George Carey
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Frankland, EdwardHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista
VanHomberg, WilhelmLavoisier, Antoine-LaurentMitscherlich, EilhardPicardet, ClaudinePaulze-Lavoisier, Marie-Anne-Pierette
Porter, GeorgeSennert, DanielStahl, Georg ErnstSuchten, Alexander vonVolta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio
AnastasioWalker, JohnWinthrop, John, Jr.
Dewar, Michael J. S.Fukui, Ken-ichiHahn, OttoHartree, Douglas RaynerHiickel, Erich Armand ArthurIngold, Chistopher Kelk
THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
Kekule von Stradonitz (Kekule),(Friedrich) August
Mendeleev, Dmitrii IvanovichMulliken, Robert SandersonPaneth, Friedrich AdolfPauling, Linus Carl
Pople, John Anthony
Prelog, Vladimir
Prigogine, Ilya
Smalley, Richard Errett
Wigner, Eugene
Arrhenius, Svante August
Bartlett, Paul Doughty
Bernstein, Richard Barry
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Bijvoet, Johannes Martin
Boer, Jan Hendrik deBoreskov, Georgil Konstantinovich
Cremer, Erika
Dewar, Michael J. S.
Duhem, Pierre-Maurice-Marie
XLIV NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
List of Scientists by Field
Flory, Paul JohnFranklin, Rosalind ElsieGutowsky, Herbert SanderHammett, Louis PlanckHerzberg, GerhardHiickel, Erich Armand ArthurJergensen, Axel Christian Klixbiill
Mark, Herman F.
Mizushima, San-ichiro
Mulliken, Robert Sanderson
Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm
Pauling, Linus Carl
Polanyi, Mihaly (Michael)
Pople, John Anthony
Porter, George
Prigogine, Ilya
Semenov, Nikolai Nikolaevich
Smalley, Richard Errett
Theorell, A. Hugo T.
Bainbridge, Kenneth TompkinsBarton, Derek Harold RichardBeckman, Arnold OrvilleCondon, Edward UhlerCremer, ErikaEdlen, BengtFrankland, Edward
ANALYSIS/SPECTROSCOPY
Franklin, Rosalind Elsie
Gutowsky, Herbert Sander
Harvey, Hildebrand Wolfe
Herzberg, Gerhard
Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
Imes, Samuel Elmer
Jorgensen, Axel Christian Klixbiill
Lemieux, Raymond Urgel
Liebig, Justus von
Martin, Archer John Porter
Polanyi, Mihaly (Michael)
Walsh, Alan
Boer, Jan Hendrik deBrown (Brovarnik), Herbert CharlesChatt, JosephEmmett, Paul HughFrankland, Edward
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Haber, FritzJargensen, Axel Christian KlixbiillLibby, Willard FrankNesmejanov, Aleksandr NikolaevichPaneth, Friedrich Adolf
Perey, Marguerite Catherine
Pettersson, Sven Otto
Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey
Wittig, Georg
Bartlett, Paul DoughtyBarton, Derek Harold RichardBayer, Otto Georg WilhelmBeckman, Arnold OrvilleBergmann, Ernst DavidBrown (Brovarnik), Herbert CharlesBunsen, Robert Wilhelm EberhardButlerov, Aleksandr MikhailovichCarothers, Wallace HumeCrafts, James MasonCram, Donald J.Dewar, Michael J. S.Edman, Pehr VictorEichengriin, ArthurFlory, Paul JohnFolkers, Karl AugustFrankland, EdwardFukui, Ken-ichi
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Gutowsky, Herbert Sander
Haber, Fritz
Hammett, Louis Plack
Holley, Robert William
Houdry, Eugene Jules
Ingold, Chistopher Kelk
Kekule von Stradonitz (Kekule),
(Friedrich) August
Kolbe, Adolf Wilhelm Hermann
Kuhn, Richard
Laurent, Auguste
Lemieux, Raymond Urgel
Liebig, Justus von
Mansfield, Charles Blachford
Mark, Herman F.
Nozoe, Tetsuo
Ovchinnikov, Yuri Anatolyevich
Pasteur, Louis
Prelog, Vladimir
Reichstein, Tadeus
Reppe, Walter Julius
Robinson, Robert
Sah, Peter P.T.
Sakurada, Ichiro
Smalley, Richard Errett
Smith, Michael
Todd, Alexander Robertus (Baron
Todd)
Van Krevelen, Dirk Willem
Venkataraman, Krishnasami
Wittig, Georg
Woodward, Robert Burns
Wurtz, Adolphe
Zelinskii, Nikolay Dmitrievich
Abderhalden, EmilAnfinsen, Christian B.Axelrod, Julius
BIOCHEMISTRY
Bijvoet, Johannes MartinButenandt, Adolf Friedrich JohannCalvin, Melvin
Caspersson, Torbjorn OskarChatt, JosephDelbriick, Max Ludwig Henning
NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLV
List of Scientists by Field
Edman, Pehr VictorElion, Gertrude BelleHodgkin, AlanHodgkin, Dorothy Mary CrowfootFolkers, Karl AugustGreen, David EzraHolley, Robert WilliamHorowitz, Norman HaroldKalckar, Herman MoritzKlein, Harold P.Kuhn, RichardLederer, EdgarLehninger, Albert LesterLeloir, Luis Federico
Lemieux, Raymond Urgel
Lipmann, Fritz Albert
Martin, Archer John Porter
Miller, Stanley
Mitchell, Peter Dennis
Needham, Dorothy
Neuberg, Carl Alexander
Novikoff, Alex Benjamin
Ochoa, Severo
Ovchinnikov, Yuri Anatolyevich
Pauling, Linus Carl
Racker, Efraim
Reichstein, Tadeus
Sah, Peter T.T.
Schmitt, Francis Otto
Shtern, Lina Solomonovna
Smith, Michael
Soffen, Gerald Alan
Stephenson, Marjory
Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert Imre
Tatum, Edward Lawrie
Theorell, A. Hugo T.
Todd, Alexander Robertus
Wald, George
Wood, Harland Goff
Zelinskii, Nikolay Dmitrievich
Arduino (or Arduini), GiovanniBretz, J HarlanChambers, RobertCrosse, AndrewDarwin, Charles RobertDing Wenjiang (V. K. Ting)Farey, John
GEOLOGY
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang vonHutton, JamesKing, Clarence RiversLavoisier, Antoine-LaurentLeConte, JosephLinnaeus, CarlMenard, Henry William
Mitscherlich, EilhardPowell, John WesleyRichter, RudolfRittmann, Alfred (Alfredo) FerdinandVan Straaten, Lambertus Marius
Joannes UrsinusWalker, John
Aki, KeiitiAlvarez, Luis WalterAmpferer, OttoBenioff, Victor HugoBlackett, Patrick Maynard StuartCarey, Samuel WarrenCox, Allan VerneDay, Arthur LouisDietz, Robert SinclairElsasser, Walter MauriceGold, Thomas
GEOPHYSICS/PLATE TECTONICS
Hospers, JanHuang Jiqing (Te-Kan)Hubbert, Marion KingInglada, VicenteJeffreys, HaroldKrumbein, William ChristianLandsberg, Helmut ErichLehmann, IngeMatuyama MotonoriMilankovic, MilutinRichter, Charles Francis
Ringwood, Alfred EdwardRuncorn, Stanley KeithShatskiy, Nikolay SergeyevichSloss, Laurence LouisStrahler, Arthur NewellVan Allen, James A.Wadati, Kiyoo
Wadia, Darashaw NosherwanWegener, Alfred LotharWestphal, James A.Wilson, John Tuzo
Baerends, Gerard PieterDeacon, George Edward RavenDefant, Albert Joseph MariaDietz, Robert SinclairEdmondson, Wallis ThomasFedorov, Konstantin NikolayevichHarvey, Hildebrand WolfeMargalef, Ramon
OCEANOGRAPHY
Marsili (or Marsigli), Luigi Ferdinando
Mayor (formerly Mayer), Alfred
Goldsborough
Moeller, Sophie C(h)arlotte Juliane
Namias, Jerome
Palmen, Erik Herbert
Pettersson, Sven Otto
Revelle, Roger Randall Dougan
Riley, Gordon Arthur
Schott, Paul Gerhard
Stommel, Henry Melson
Tharp, Marie
Wiist, Georg
XLVI NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
List of Scientists by Field
Aitken, JohnAristotleAssmann, RichardBergeron, Tor Harold PercivalBjerknes, VilhelmByers, Horace RobertCharney, Jule GregoryDefant, Albert Joseph MariaDobson, Gordon Miller BourneExner-Ewarten, Felix Maria vonFujita, Tetsuya TheodoreHaurwitz, BernhardHerschel, John
METEOROLOGY
Horton, Robert Elmer
Howard, Luke
Koppen, Wladimir Peter
Lamb, Hubert Horace
Liais, Emmanuel-Bernardin
Mauchly, John William
Mendel, Johann Gregor
Namias, Jerome
Palmen, Erik Herbert
Panofsky, Hans Arnold
Petterssen, Sverre
Picardet, Claudine
Reichelderfer, Francis Wilton
Richardson, Lewis Fry
Saltzman, Barry
Saussure, Horace Benedict de
Smagorinsky, Joseph
Suomi, Verner Edward
Sutcliffe, Reginald Cockcroft
Teisserenc de Bort, Leon Philippe
Vines, Benito
Walker, Gilbert Thomas
Wexler, Harry
Zhu Kezhen
Arrhenius, Svante AugustCallendar, Guy StewartKeeling, Charles DavidKoppen, Wladimir Peter
CLIMATOLOGY
Lamb, Hubert HoraceLandsberg, Helmut ErichMilankovic, MilutinNamias, Jerome
Saltzman, Barry
Thornthwaite, Charles Warren
Zhu Kezhen
Bronn, Heinrich GeorgBurmeister, Hermann Karl KonradCuvier, GeorgesDubois, Marie Eugene Francois
ThomasGorjanovic-Kramberger, Dragutin
(Karl)Gould, Stephen JayHill, DorothyHuxley, Thomas HenryJelinek, Jan
PALEONTOLOGY
Koenigswald, Gustav Heinrich Ralph
von
Ladd, Harry Stephen
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
Moreno, Francisco Pascasio
Newell, Norman Dennis
Oakley, Kenneth Page
Osborn, Henry Fairfield
Owen, Richard
Patterson, Colin
Pei Wenzhong
Piveteau, Jean
Richter, Rudolf
Schindewolf, Otto Heinrich
Simpson, George Gaylord
Teichert, Curt
Tintant, Henri
Wadia, Darashaw Nosherwan
Yang Zhongjian
Yin Zanxun
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY/PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Bartlett, Frederic CharlesBastian, AdolfCallendar, Guy StewartCampbell, Donald ThomasClark, John DesmondClark, Wilfrid Edward Le GrosCoon, Carleton StevensDart, Raymond ArthurDubois, Marie Eugene Francois
Thomas
Fischer, (Leopold Franz) EugenGarrod, Dorothy Annie ElizabethGorjanovic-Kramberger, Dragutin
(Karl)Jelinek, JanKoenigswald, Gustav Heinrich Ralph
vonLeakey, Mary Douglas NicolLehmann-Nitsche, RobertLibby, Willard Frank
Moreno, Francisco Pascasio
Oakley, Kenneth Page
Pei Wenzhong
Piveteau, Jean
Vallois, Henri Victor
Virchow, Rudolf Carl
Walker, John
Washburn, Sherwood Larned
Weidenreich, Franz
NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLVII
List of Scientists by Field
Arduino (or Arduini), GiovanniAristotleBodenstein, Adam ofBuffon, George-Louis Le Clerc,
Comte deBurmeister, Hermann Karl KonradCronquist, ArthurCullen, WilliamGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, EtienneGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, IsidoreGoethe, Johann Wolfgang vonHaller, [Victor] Albrecht von
NATURAL HISTORY
Heckel, fidouard-Marie
Holbrook, John Edwards
Hutton, James
Hyman, Libbie Henrietta
Kinsey, Alfred
LeConte, Joseph
Lee, Sarah Eglonton Wallis Bowdich
Linnaeus, Carl
Marsili (or Marsigli), Luigi Ferdinando
Mayr, Ernst Walter
Merian, Maria Sibylla
Mueller, Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich
von
Oken (or Okenfuss), Lorenz
Piaget, Jean
Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius
Secundus)
Ratcliffe, Francis Noble
Saussure, Horace Benedict de
Smith, James Leonard Brierly
Traill, Catharine Parr
Walker, John
Anfinsen, Christian B.Baldwin, James MarkBronn, Heinrich GeorgCain, Arthur JamesCampbell, Donald ThomasCarson, Hampton LawrenceChambers, RobertDarwin, Charles RobertEmerson, Alfred EdwardsFisher, Ronald AylmerGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, IsidoreGould, Stephen JayHaeckel, ErnstHamilton, William DonaldHennig, (Emil Hans) WilliHuxley, Julian
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Huxley, Thomas HenryKam merer, Paul
Kettlewell, Henry Bernard DavisKimura, MotooKinsey, AlfredKoenigswald, Gustav Heinrich Ralph
von
Kropotkin, Petr AlekseyvichLadd, Harry StephenLamarck, Jean-BaptisteLerner, I(sadore) MichaelMayr, Ernst WalterOsborn, Henry FairfieldOwen, RichardPatterson, ColinPiaget, Jean
Popper, Karl Raimund
Royer, Clemence-AugusteSchindewolf, Otto HeinrichSimpson, George GaylordSmuts, Jan ChristianSonneborn, Tracy MortonStebbins, George Ledyard, Jr.Tintant, HenriWaddington, Conrad Hal
Wagner, MoritzWallace, Alfred RusselWashburn, Sherwood LarnedWeidenreich, FranzWeismann, August Friedrich LeopoldWright, Sewall
Wynne-Edwards, Vero Copner
Allee, Warder ClydeBraun-Blanquet, JosiasClements, Frederic EdwardCockayne, LeonardCowles, Henry ChandlerDansereau, Pierre MackayDubos, Rene JulesEdmondson, Wallis ThomasElton, Charles SutherlandEmerson, Alfred Edwards
ECOLOGY
Harvey, Hildebrand WolfeHasler, Arthur DavisHeckel, fidouard-MarieHutchinson, G. EvelynLadd, Harry StephenLee, Sarah Eglonton Wallis BowdichLeopold, Aldo v
Margalef, RamonMayor (formerly Mayer), Alfred
• Goldsborough
Nice, Margaret MorseOdum, Eugene PleasantsOdum, Howard ThomasOeschger, HansRatcliffe, Francis NobleRiley, Gordon ArthurStanchinskiy, Vladimir VladimirovichTansley, Sir Arthur GeorgeThienemann, August FriedrichWynne-Edwards, Vero Copner
Abderhalden, EmilAdrian, Edgar Douglas, first Baron
Adrian of Cambridge
PHYSIOLOGY
AristotleBastian, Henry CharltonBorelli, Giovanni Alfonso
Carpenter, William BenjaminCullen, Williamde Vries, Hugo
XLVIII NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
List of Scientists by Field
Descartes, Rene Du PerronEccles, John CarewElsasser, Walter MauriceEphrussi, BorisGalenGold, ThomasGoldman-Rakic, Patricia ShoerHaller, [Victor] Albrecht vonHasler, Arthur DavisHertz, Mathilde CarmenHess, Walter RudolfHodgkin, AlanHolmes, Gordon MorganJennings, Herbert Spencer
Katz, BernardKoehler, OttoLa Mettrie, Julien Offray deLashley, Karl SpencerLavoisier, Antoine-LaurentLeConte, JosephLuria, Alexander RomanovichMcCulloch, Warren SturgisParacelsus, Theophrastus Philippus
Aureolus Bombastus vonHohenheim
Pavlov, Ivan PetrovichRichter, Curt P.Sah, Peter P. T.
Schleiden, Matthias Jacob
Schwendener, Simon
Shtern, Lina Solomonovna
Suchten, Alexander von
Tatum, Edward Lawrie
Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio
Anastasio
Von Euler, Ulf Svante
von Hoist, Erich
Winthrop, John, Jr.
Wollaston, William Hyde
Wundt, Wilhelm
AristotleBaldwin, James MarkBastian, Henry CharltonBateson, WilliamBrachet, Jean LouisBriggs, Robert W.Carson, Hampton LawrenceCaspersson, Torbjorn OskarClaude, AlbertCowdry, Edmund VincentDubos, Rene JulesEphrussi, BorisEsau, KatherineGrobstein, Clifford
CELLULAR/DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Haeckel, Ernst
Haller, [Victor] Albrecht von
Hamburger, Viktor
Holley, Robert William
Holtfreter, Johannes
Horstadius, Sven Otto
Huxley, Julian
Just, Ernest Everett
Klein, Harold P.
Luria, Salvador Edward
Mangold, Hilde
Maupertuis
McClintock, Barbara
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Novikoff, Alex Benjamin
Oken, Lorenz
Pasteur, Louis
Porter, Keith Roberts
Purcell, Edward Mills
Sager, Ruth
Schleiden, Matthias Jacob
Schwendener, Simon
Sonneborn, Tracy Morton
Stephenson, Marjory
Tatum, Edward Lawrie
Waddington, Conrad Hal
Bateson, WilliamBeadle, George WellsBriggs, Robert W.Caspersson, Torbjorn OskarDelbriick, Max Ludwig Henningde Vries, HugoEphrussi, BorisFischer, (Leopold Franz) EugenFord, Edmund BriscoHamilton, William DonaldHorowitz, NorVnan Harold
GENETICS
Huxley, Julian
Jennings, Herbert Spencer
Kettlewell, Henry Bernard Davis
Kimura, Motoo •
Lerner, I(sadore) Michael
Luria, Salvador Edward (Salvatore)
McClintock, Barbara
Mendel, Johannes Gregor
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Neel, James Van Gundia
Pearson, Karl
Sager, Ruth
Schmitt, Francis Otto
Shockley, William Bradford
Sonneborn
Tammes, Jantina
Tatum, Edward Lawrie
Weismann, August Friedrich Leopold
Wright, Sewall
Waddington, Conrad Hal
Anfinsen, Christian B.Brachet, Jean LouisChargaff, Erwin
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Crick, Francis Harry ComptonDelbriick, Max Ludwig HenningFranklin, Rosalind Elsie
Holley, Robert WilliamJerne, Niels KajJordan, Ernst Pascual
NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY XLIX
List of Scientists by Field
Kalckar, Herman MoritzLuria, SalvadorOchoa, Severo
Pauling, Linus CarlPerutz, Max FerdinandSagan, Carl Edward
Schmitt, Francis OttoSmith, MichaelWilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick
Allee, Warder ClydeNice, Margaret MorseBaerends, Gerard PieterBeach, Frank Ambrose Jr.Carpenter, Clarence RayCraig, WallaceFossey, DianGriffin, Donald Redfield
ETHOLOGY/ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
Hertz, Mathilde Carmen
Howard, Henry Eliot
Huxley, Julian
Jennings, Herbert Spencer
Koehler, Otto
Lehrman, Daniel Sanford
Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias
Schneirla, Theodore Christian
Thorpe, William Homan
Tinbergen, Nikolaas
Turner, Charles Henry
von Hoist, Erich
Watson, John Broadus
Wynne-Edwards, Vero Copner
Abelson, Robert PaulAllport, Gordon WillardAristotleBaldwin, James MarkBartlett, Frederic CharlesBastian, AdolfBeach, Frank Ambrose Jr.Boring, Edwin GarriguesBroadbent, Donald EricCampbell, Donald ThomasCarpenter, William BenjaminCattell, James McKeenChrysippiusClark, Kenneth and MamieCullen, WilliamErikson, Erik HomburgerEysenck, Hans JiirgenFestinger, LeonFreud, SigmundGalen
PSYCHOLOGY
Gibson, Eleanor JackGibson, James JeromeHebb, DonaldHertz, Mathilde CarmenHilgard, Ernest RopiequetHull, Clark LeonhardJames, WilliamJanet, PierreJung, Carl GustavKliiver, HeinrichKinsey, AlfredLa Mettrie, Julien Offray deLashley, Karl SpencerLehrman, Daniel SanfordLewin, KurtLuria, Alexander RomanovichMaslow, AbrahamMeehl, Paul EverettMilgram, StanleyMiller, Neal Elgar
Murry, Henry AlexanderNifo, AgostinoPavlov, Ivan PetrovichPiaget, JeanRichardson, Lewis FryRichter, Curt P.Rogers, Carl RansomRufus, Richard of CornwallSchneirla, Theodore ChristianSimon, Herbert AlexanderSkinner, Burrhus FredericSperry, Roger WolcottStern, Louis WilliamTansley, Arthur GeorgeTerman, Louis Madison
.Tversky, AmosVogt, Cecile and OskarVygotsky, Lev SemyonovichWatson, John BroadusWundt, Wilhelm
Abelson, Robert PaulBabbage,'CharlesBartlett, Frederic CharlesFestingar, LeonHebb, E|pnaldHull, Clark LeonardJames, WilliamKuhn, Thomas Samuel
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Lashley, Karl Spencer
Luria, Alexander Romanovich
Marr, David Courtnay
McCulloch, Warren Sturgis
Newell, Allen
Penfield, Wilder Graves
Piaget, Jean
Shannon, Claude
Simon, Herb
^Sperry, Roger Wolcott
Turing, Alan Mathison
Tversky, Amos
Vygotsky, Lev Semyonovich
Wundt, Wilhelm
Adrian, Edgar Douglas, first Baron
Adrian of Cambridge
NEUROSCIENCE
Axelrod, Julius
Bastian, Henry Charlton
Brodmann, Korbinian
Bullock, Theodore Holmes
L NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY
List of Scientists by Field
Clark, Wilfrid Edward Le Gros
Crick, Francis Harry Compton
Eccles, John Carew
Edinger, Ludwig
Goldman-Rakic, Patricia Shoer
Hamburger, Viktor
Hebb, Donald
Holmes, Gordon Morgan
Katz, Bernard
Kliiver, Heinrich
Lashley, Karl Spencer
Luria, Alexander Romanovich
Marr, David Courtnay
McCulloch, Warren Sturgis
Papez, James Wenceslas
Penfield, Wilder Graves
Schmitt, Francis Otto
Sperry, Roger Wolcott
Thudichum, Johann Ludwig Wilhelm
Vogt, Cecile and Oskar
Vygotsky, Lev Semyonovich
Abderhalden, EmilArconville, Marie Genevieve Charlotte
Thiroux d'Arnald of VillanovaAssmann, RichardAxelrod, JuliusBacon, FrancisBodenstein, Adam ofBorelli, Giovanni AlfonsoBorro, GirolamoBuonamici, FrancescoBurnet, Frank MacfarlaneCardano, GirolamoCarpenter, William BenjaminClaude, AlbertCowdry, Edmund VincentDiodes of CarystusDubos, Rene JulesEdinger, LudwigEichengriin, Arthur
MEDICAL SCIENCE
Elion, Gertrude BelleElsasser, Walter MauriceGalenHelmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista
VanHippocrates of CosHoward, LukeJanssen, Paul Adriaan JanLa Mettrie, Julien Offray deLeoniceno, NicoloLinnaeus, CarlLuria, Salvador Edward (Salvatore)Maimonides, Rabbi Moses Ben
MaimonMedawar, Peter BrianNifo, AgostinoParacelsus, Theophrastus Philippus
Aureolus Bombastus vonHohenheim
Pasteur, Louis
Pellicier, Guillaume
Prachaticz, Cristannus de
Purcell, Edward Mills
Qutb al-Dln Mahrrmd ibn Mas'ud
ibn al-Muslih al-ShirazI
RazI, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn
Zakariyya', al-
Reichstein, Tadeus
Rufus of Ephesus
Sah, Peter P. T.
Sennert, Daniel
Stahl, Georg Ernst
Starkey, George
Stephanus of Alexandria
Suchten, Alexander von
Virchow, Rudolf Carl
Von Euler, Ulf Svante
Wilson, Alan Herries
Aitken, JohnBlau, MariettaBoer, Jan Hendrik deBoreskov, Georgii KonstantinovichButenandt, Adolf Friedrich JohannCallendar, Guy StewartCondon, Edward UhlerCremer, ErikaEckert, J. (John Adam) Presper, Jr.Frankland, Edward
TECHNOLOGY/ENGINEERING
Horton, Robert ElmerHou Te-pang (Debang Hou)Houdry, Eugene JulesKapitsa, Petr LeonidovichLewis, Warren KendallLicklider, Joseph Carl RobnettMilankovic, MilutinPickering, William HaywardReichstein, TadeusReppe, Walter Julius
Sakharov, Andrei DmitriyevichSchottky, Walter HansShannon, ClaudeSmalley, Richard ErrettSmith, MichaelTuring, Alan MathisonVan Krevelen, Dirk Willemvon Braun, WernherWigner, EugeneWilson, Sir Alan Herries
AristotleBabbage, CharlesBacon, FrancisBohr, Niels Henrik DavidBoring, Edwin Garrigues
NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
Borro, GirolamoDescartes, Rene Du PerronDuhem, Pierre-Maurice-MarieGalilei, GalileoGoethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Goodman, Nelson HenryGould, Stephen JayHerschel, JohnJennings, Herbert SpencerKuhn, Thomas Samuel
NEW DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY LI
List of Scientists by Field
La Mettrie, Julien Offray de
Lewin, Kurt
Liais, Emmanuel-Bernardin
Meehl, Paul Everett
Merton, Robert K.
Mill, John Stuart
Paneth, Friedrich Adolf
Poincare, Jules Henri
Polanyi, Mihaly (Michael)
Price, Derek John DeSolla
Royer, Clemence-Auguste
Sagan, Carl Edward
Schindewolf, Otto Heinrich
Schleiden, Matthias Jacob
Weyl, Hermann Claus Hugo
Whewell, William
Zabarella, Jacopo (Giacomo)
Bastian, AdolfBergmann, Ernst DavidBretz, J HarlanCampbell, Donald ThomasCattell, James McKeenChambers, RobertClavius, ChristophDing Wenjiang (V. K. Ting)Ehrenfest-Afanas'eva, Tatiana A.Eysenck, Hans JiirgenForsythe, George ElmerFoster, George CareyFrankland, EdwardGould, Stephen JayHennig, (Emil Hans) WilliHilgard, Ernest Ropiequet
SCIENCE PEDAGOGY/POPULARIZATION
Hirst, Thomas ArcherHuxley, JulianHuxley, Thomas HenryImes, Elmer SamuelJelinek, JanJohnston, James Finlay WeirMac Lane, SaundersMarcet, Jane HaldimandMark, Herman F.Morrison, PhilipNamias, JeromeNeedham, JosephNewell, Norman DennisOdum, Eugene PleasantsOken (or Okenfuss), LorenzPrachaticz, Cristannus de
Purcell, Edward Mills
Sagan, Carl Edward
Saussure, Horace Benedict de
Seaborg, Glenn Theodore
Sonneborn, Tracy Morton
Terman, Lewis Madison
Tinbergen, Nikolaas
Tinsley, Beatrice
Turner, Charles Henry
Vygotsky, Lev Semyonovich
Whewell, William
Wilson, Alan Herries
Yin Zanxun
Zhu Kezhen
Abderhalden, EmilAmaldi, EdoardoBacher, RobertBahcall, John NorrisBergmann, Ernst DavidBondi, HermannFossey, Dian
SCIENCE POLICY
Grobstein, Clifford
King, Clarence Rivers
Marsili (or Marsigli), Luigi Ferdinando
Neel, James Van Gundia
Pickering, William Hayward
Price, Derek John DeSolla
Rabi, Isidor Isaac
Revelle, Roger Randall Dougan
Seaborg, Glenn (Glen) Theodore
Teller, Edward
Vickrey, William Spencer
Zhu Kezhen
U I DICTIONARY OP SCYENTmC BIOGRAPHY