Download - New directions
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Sheryl Nussb
aum-Beach
21stcenturyc
ollaborative
.com
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ASSESSMENT NEEDS TO
CHANGE. WE KNOW THIS.
Sheryl N
ussbaum-B
each
21stcentu
rycolla
borativ
e.com
N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N A S S E S S M E N T
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Shifting From Shifting ToLearning at school Learning anytime/anywhere
Teaching as a private event Teaching as a public collaborative practice
Learning as passiveparticipant
Learning in a participatory culture
Linear knowledge Distributed knowledge
Learning as individuals Learning in a networked community
Teacher driven (teacher gives knowledge) Student driven(student constructs knowledge)
Summative assessment Formative assessment
Teacher is expert Student’s knowledge is valid starting point
Passive Active
Content driven (memorization and regurgitation of facts)
Process driven (analysis, exploration, synthesis)
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N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N A S S E S S M E N T
SHIFT FROM EMPHASIS
ON TEACHING…
Sheryl N
ussbaum-B
each
21stcentu
rycolla
borativ
e.com
TO AN EMPHASIS ON CO-LEARNING
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Sheryl N
ussbaum-B
each
21stcentu
rycolla
borativ
e.com
N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N A S S E S S M E N T
Photo Credit :http://www.annedavies.com/assessment_for_learning_tr_tjb.html
Shift From Shift To
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SUMMATIVE VS. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Sheryl N
ussbaum-B
each
21stcentu
rycolla
borativ
e.com
N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N A S S E S S M E N T
Summative assessment is commonly used to certify the amount that individuals have learned and to provide an accountability measure. Summative assessments hold teachers accountable for standardized performance. They measure how well the teacher taught the curriculum.
Formative assessment, in which the assessment is integrated with the instruction (and sometimes serves as the instruction) with the purpose of deepening learning, can replace summative assessment in many cases. Formative assessment measures and supports learning, not teaching.
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Sheryl N
ussbaum-B
each
21stcentu
rycolla
borativ
e.com
N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N A S S E S S M E N T
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT CAN BE USED TO:
• Gauge students prior knowledge and readiness• Encourage self-directed learning• Monitor progress• Check for understanding • Encourage metacognition• Create a culture of collaboration• Increase learning• Provide diagnostic feedback about how to improve teaching
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IS NOT ADDITIVE, ITS ECOLOGICAL. A NEW TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT CHANGE SOMETHING, IT CHANGES EVERYTHING"
Source: Mark Treadwell - http://www.i-learnt.com
[Neil Postman]
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Sheryl N
ussbaum-B
each
21stcentu
rycolla
borativ
e.com
N E W D I R E C T I O N S I N A S S E S S M E N TE D U C AT I O N W E E K P D W E B I N A R
Change is inevitable: Growth is optional
Change produces tension- it pushes us out of our comfort zone.
“Creative tension- the force that comes into play at the moment we acknowledge our vision is at odds with the current reality.” --Senge
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10
Free range learners
Free-range learners choose how and what they learn. Self-service is less expensive and more timely than the alternative. Informal learning has no need for the busywork, chrome, and bureaucracy that accompany typical classroom instruction.
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LET GO OF CURRICULUM
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Are there new Literacies?
“In a time of drastic change it is the learners who inherit the future. The learned usually find themselves equipped to live in a world that no longer exists.”
--Eric Hoffer, Reflections on the Human Condition
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Play — the capacity to experiment with one’s surroundings as a form of problem-solving
Performance — the ability to adopt alternative identities for the purpose of improvisation and discovery
Simulation — the ability to interpret and construct dynamic models of real-world processes
Appropriation — the ability to meaningfully sample and remix media content
Multitasking — the ability to scan one’s environment and shift focus as needed to salient details.
Distributed Cognition — the ability to interact meaningfully with tools that expand mental capacities.
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Collective Intelligence — the ability to pool knowledge and compare notes with others toward a common goal
Judgment — the ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information sources
Transmedia Navigation — the ability to follow the flow of stories and information across multiple modalities
Networking — the ability to search for, synthesize, and disseminate information
Negotiation — the ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative norms..
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Three Rules of Passion-based Teaching
• Move them from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation
• Help them learn self-government and other-mindedness
• Shift your curriculum to include service learning outcomes that address social justice issues
1. Authentic task2. Student Ownership3. Connected Learning
http://bit.ly/lUxRIR
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FORMAL INFORMAL
You go where the bus goes You go where you choose
Jay Cross – Internet Time
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MULTI-CHANNEL APPROACH
SYNCHRONOUS
ASYNCHRONOUS
PEER TO PEER WEBCAST
Instant messenger
forumsf2f
blogsphotoblogs
vlogs
wikis
folksonomies
Conference rooms
email Mailing lists
CMS
Community platformsVoIP
webcam
podcasts
PLE
Worldbridges
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http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/google_whitepaper.pdf
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Rethinking Teaching and Learning
1. Multiliterate
2. Change in pedagogy
3.Change in the way classrooms are managed
4.A move from deficit based instruction to strength based learning
5.Collaboration and communication Inside and Outside the classroom
6.
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20
EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP
“A capable and productive citizen doesn’t simply turn up for jury service. Rather, she is capable of serving impartially on trials that may require learning unfamiliar facts and concepts and new ways to communicate and reach decisions with her fellow jurors…. Jurors may be called on to decide complex matters that require the verbal, reasoning, math, science, and socialization skills that should be imparted in public schools. Jurors today must determine questions of fact concerning DNA evidence, statistical analyses, and convoluted financial fraud, to name only three topics.”
Justice Leland DeGrasse, 2001
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Connected Learning
The computer connects the student to the rest of the worldLearning occurs through connections with other learnersLearning is based on conversation and interaction
Stephen Downes
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How do you do it?-- TPCK and Understanding by DesignThere is a new curriculum design model that helps us think about how to make assessment part of learning. Assessment before , during, and after instruction.
Teacher and Students as Co-Curriculum Designers
Assessment is part of the learning process- student directed or teacher directed.
1. What do you want to know and be able to do at the end of this activity, project, or lesson?
2. What evidence will you collect to prove mastery? (What will you create or do)
3. What is the best way to learn what you want to learn?
4. How are you making your learning transparent? (connected learning)
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WHY TPACK?
Learning how to use technology is much different than knowing what to do with it for instructional purposes
Redesigning instruction requires an understanding of how knowledge about content, pedagogy, and technology overlap to inform your choices for curriculum and instruction
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TPCK Model
There is a new model that helps us think about how to develop technological pedagogical content knowledge. You can learn more about this model at the website:
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Shifts focus of literacy from individual expression to community involvement.
Students become producers, notjust consumersof knowledge.
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Shifts focus of literacy from individual expression to community involvement.
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Connected Learner ScaleThis work is at which level(s) of the connected learner scale?Explain.
Share (Publish & Participate) –
Connect (Comment and Cooperate) –
Remixing (building on the ideas of others) –
Collaborate (Co-construction of knowledge and meaning) –
Collective Action (Social Justice, Activism, Service Learning) –
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7 PIECES OF THE TPACK PIE
Content [CK]: subject matter to be learnedTechnology [TK]: foundational and new technologiesPedagogy [PK]: purpose, values & methods used to teach
and evaluate learning PCK: What pedagogical strategies make concepts difficult or
easy to learn? TCK: How is content represented and transformed by the
application of technology? TPK: What pedagogical strategies enable you to get the
most out of existing technologies for teaching & evaluating learning?
TPCK:Understanding the relationship between elements -- “a change in any one factor has to be ‘compensated’ by changes in the other two”
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• Content focus: What content does this lesson focus on?• Pedagogical focus: What pedagogical practices are employed in this lesson? • Technology used: What technologies are used?
• PCK: Do these pedagogical practices make concepts clearer and/or foster deeper learning? • TCK: Does the use of technology help represent the content in diverse ways or maximize opportunities to transform the content in ways that make sense to the learner? • TPK: Do the pedagogical practices maximize the use of existing technologies for teaching and evaluating learning? • TPCK:How might things need to change if one aspect of the lesson were to be different or not available?
TPACK GUIDELINES
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Pick the Content
Choose the Strategy
Choose the Tool
Create the Learning Activity
Then apply connected learner scale
---------------------------------------- * What are the essential instructional activities you typically use? * List possible Web 2.0 tools that fit nicely with your disciplines essential instructional activities. * Create a 21st Century type instructional activity
Think: Share, Connect, Remix, Collaborate, Collective Action
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Feedback• Task -oriented- Provides information on how well the task is being accomplished .• Clarification- Looks at process. How to improve the work.• Self-regulating - Encourages learner to evaluate their own work.• Appreciation- specific praise linked to affective growth.
What makes a difference to student learning?
Constant and meaningful feedback -- The Student --Teacher relationship --Challenging goals
John Hattie, University of Auckland 2003
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WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
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WHAT WILL BE OUR LEGACY…
Bertelsmann Foundation Report: The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools
2 Groups Content Area: Civil War One Group taught using Sage on the Stage methodology One Group taught using innovative applications of technology and
project-based instructional models
End of the Study, both groups given identical teacher-constructed tests of their knowledge of the Civil War.
Question: Which group did better?
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ANSWER…
No significant test differences were found
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HOWEVER… ONE YEAR LATER
Students in the traditional group could recall almost nothing about the historical content
Students in the traditional group defined history as: “the record of the facts of the past”
Students in the digital group “displayed elaborate concepts and ideas that they had extended to other areas of history”
Students in the digital group defined history as: “a process of interpreting the past from different perspectives”
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Real Question is this:Are we willing to change- to risk change- to meet the needs of the precious folks we serve?
Can you accept that Change (with a “big” C) is sometimes a messy process and that learning new things together is going to require some tolerance for ambiguity.
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Last Generation