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New Nation, Early Challenges
Chapter 8, Sections 1 & 2
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Do Now:Take a look at the “Word Wall” (on the
wall to the right)
Categorize the words under the following headings:
Words I know
Words I think I know
Words I have no idea what they are
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DO NEXT:
Of the words that you put in the “I have no idea” column, pick three of the words and try to find them in your book and define them.
Look in Chapters 8.
Many of these words will NOT be in the glossary
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Section 1-4
Click the Speaker buttonto replay the audio.
Washington banner
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President Washington
• Washington is sworn in as the first president under the new Constitution on April 30, 1789
• Washington knew that he would be setting precedents (traditions) as the first president
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Washington’s first cabinet- Thomas Jefferson – secretary of state- Alexander Hamilton – secretary of
treasury- Henry Knox – secretary of war- Edmund Randolph – attorney generalWhat does the cabinet do?How many cabinet members are there
today?
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Financial Problems
Problem• National debt was
growing• Needed to find a way
to improve government finances and strengthen the nations financial reputation at the same time
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Financial ProblemsSolution• Hamilton’s plan led to
compromise to pay off debt• Tax on distilled whiskey• Impose import tariff – lead
to compromise with South to relocate capital to southern location (Washington D.C.)
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Review: Recreate the chart below and complete. Use info from your notes to
help you fill it in.The United States was in difficult financial trouble during
Washington’s presidency. Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of the treasury, proposed several ways to help the United States
build its financial reputation.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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• Federal Funds would pay new owners of bonds at original cost
• Creation of National Bank
• National taxes
• Protective tariffs
• Protest against paying new owners of bonds
• Opposition to a national bank
• Whiskey Rebellion to resist taxes
• Southerners opposed protective tariffs
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Partner Activity
Many economists say that the United States is still currently in a recession.
• Look up the words: recession, depression
• Is the United States currently in debt?
• What do you think is the U.S.’s current debt?
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DO NOW: Recreate the diagram below and complete
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Economic problems
Whiskey Rebellion
Native Americans and Northwest Territory
French Revolution
Impressment by the British
Spanish restricting access to the Mississippi
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Fighting over the National Bank
Problem• Only 8 state run banks
existed• Hamilton wanted to
create a national bank that people could buy stock in
• Madison and Jefferson thought it would only benefit the wealthy
• Jefferson also said it was unconstitutional
Alexander Hamilton
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Fight over the National BankSolution• President asked both sides to write an opinion• Washington sided with Hamilton and a national
bank was created
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Whiskey RebellionProblem• Resistance to tax on
whiskey – locally made• Farmers used whiskey
for bartering• July 1794 protest in
Pennsylvania turn violent
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Whiskey RebellionSolution• Washington sends in
troops to crush rebellion
• Sends message that violence and rebellion will not change laws, only peaceful discussion can bring about change
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Video
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Review
Create a flow chart to show the cause and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion
Cause/Effect
Whiskey Rebellion
Cause Effects
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Struggles in WestProblem• Native Americans deny authority of U.S.
in West• Native Americans would often combine
forces with British and Spanish• In November 1791 American forces were
badly beaten by Chief Little Turtle of the Miami people near the Wabash River
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Struggles in West
Solution• Washington sent Gen. Anthony Wayne to
challenge the Native Americans• August 1794 Wayne and army defeated
over 1,000 Native Americans at Battle of Fallen Timbers
• Native Americans surrendered most of their land in Treaty of Greenville and opened most of Ohio to white settlement
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French and British RelationsProblem• French Revolution turns bloody• 1793 Britain and France go to war• Some U.S. citizens support Britain,
others support France• France wanted U.S. to get involved• British were practicing impressment of
U.S. sailors
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French and British RelationsSolution• Washington issued “Proclamation of
Neutrality” – prohibited Americans from fighting in the war and British war ships from entering U.S. ports
• John Jay negotiated Jay’s Treaty with Britain but it did not deal with the issue of impressment
• Thomas Pinckney negotiated Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain which gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River
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