![Page 1: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
New Technologies New Technologies forfor
GerminationGermination TestingTesting
SomeSome factsfacts, , ideasideas and and
examplesexamples forfor inspirationinspiration
Bert van Duijn
![Page 2: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
New tools in germination New tools in germination
evaluationevaluation
�� Evaluation of nonEvaluation of non--germinated (germinated (dry)seedsdry)seeds�� Prediction of germinationPrediction of germination
�� Prediction of plantlet qualityPrediction of plantlet quality
�� Evaluation of germinated seedsEvaluation of germinated seeds�� Automation of standard germination test or field Automation of standard germination test or field
testtest
�� CountingCounting
�� Plantlet evaluationPlantlet evaluation
![Page 3: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Evaluation of nonEvaluation of non--germinated germinated
((dry)seedsdry)seeds
� The germination quality of seeds is determined by:
�Physiological factors
�Genetic factors
�Structural factors
�Biological factors (e.g. microbiology)
� Hence, it is very unlikely that germination quality can be determined with one method/measurement/parameter
![Page 4: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MeasurementMeasurement of of materialmaterial
((chemicalchemical) and ) and structuralstructural
propertiesproperties onon the the surfacesurface
((oror justjust belowbelow))
�� SpectroscopySpectroscopy
�� Image Image analysisanalysis
�� HyperspectralHyperspectral analysisanalysis and and imagingimaging
![Page 5: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SpectralSpectral (image) (image) analysisanalysis
�� VisibleVisible lightlight
�� XX--rayray
�� UVUV
�� ((NearNear) ) infrainfra redred
�� SpecificSpecific wavelengthswavelengths
�� NMRNMR
�� AcousticsAcoustics
�� ReflectionReflection imageimage
�� FluoresenceFluoresence imageimage
�� AbsorbanceAbsorbance imageimage
�� OtherOther1616--66--20092009 55ATC, ISTAATC, ISTA
![Page 6: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SURFACE PROPERTIES &SURFACE PROPERTIES &
LEAKING PROPERTIESLEAKING PROPERTIES
Classifying deteriorated seeds (Brassicaceae) by
sinapine leakage (T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
Fluorescence from sinapine leakage
under UV light in the dark room
![Page 7: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
C C NF F F NF
C: control seeds, NF: non-fluorescent seeds, F: fluorescent seeds
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 8: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Schematic diagram for measuring NIR spectra of the intact single seed.
Identifying deteriorated seeds by NIR
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 9: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NIR spectra of radish seeds.(a: raw spectra, b: mean spectra of raw,c: first derivative of the mean spectra)
Principle component score plots for radish seeds.
(+: viable seed, □: nonviable seed)
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 10: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Prediction accuracy of viable and nonviable radish seeds classified by
PLS 2 models from raw, 1st, and 2nd derivative of NIR spectra data
sets.
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 11: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chemical elements on the surfaces of seed coat and cotyledon
compared to viable and nonviable seeds.
* Significant at P=0.05, **Significant at P=0.01 , NS=non significance
![Page 12: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NIR spectra of gourd seeds. (A: original, B:
mean spectra of original, C: first derivative of the
mean spectra)
Principle component score plot for gourd seeds
(+: viable seed, □: nonviable seed.)
Nondestructive Separation of Viable and
Non-viable
Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl) Seeds
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 13: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Micrographs of viable seed coat (A) and nonviable seed coat (B) in
the B spot (x 500). Bar = 100 µm.
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 14: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Micrograph of viable cotyledon (A) and nonviable cotyledon (B)
in the B spot (x 2,000). Numerous bacteria were contaminated
in a nonviable cotyledon (B) surface while not in a viable one (A).
Bar = 20 µm.
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 15: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sample No.
Viable seed Non-viable seed
Ay B C A B C
1 0x 0 1 0 497 1191
2 0 0 0 231 223 219
3 0 0 0 2267 932 542
4 0 0 0 896 807 517
5 0 0 10 252 0 0
6 4 45 5 176 456 172
7 0 0 0 401 538 65
8 0 0 1 534 523 303
9 14 2 0 356 108 588
10 0 12 2 615 308 244
Aveage 1.8 5.9 1.9 572.8 439.2 384.1
Bacteria number at three spots on the surfaces of
gourd cotyledon under the Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscope.
(T.G. Min, Daegu Univeristy, South-Korea)
![Page 16: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
chlorophyll fluorescence of germinating seeds(Data from H. Jalink, WUR, Netherlands)
![Page 17: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hyperspectral cameras and images
Hyperspectral imaging collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. Much as the human eye sees visible light in three bands(red, green, and blue), spectral imagingdivides the spectrum into many more bands. This technique of dividing images into bands can be extended beyond the visible.
![Page 18: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Measurement of internal structures
�X-ray based imaging�3-D (x-ray) imaging
![Page 22: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Relationship Relationship RRööntgenntgen--seedseed--images images
and plantand plant--quality of cucumberquality of cucumber
Abnormalseeds
Goodseed
Goodplant
Abnormalplants
![Page 23: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2323
High Resolution XHigh Resolution X--ray image ray image
of Watermelon Seeds (3n)of Watermelon Seeds (3n)
Raw Enhanced 1 Enhanced 2
![Page 24: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
GerminationGermination measurementmeasurement
plant plant countingcounting
in the labin the lab
in the fieldin the field
�� Plantlet Plantlet imagingimaging
�� Plantlet markersPlantlet markers
![Page 26: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Chlorophyll fluorescenceChlorophyll fluorescence
2 3 4 7
![Page 27: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Labeling of plantlets via Labeling of plantlets via
uptake of marker via seeduptake of marker via seed
![Page 28: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: New technologies in germination v2 - ISTA Online · New Technologies for Germination Testing Some facts , ideas and examples for inspiration ... Image analysis Hyperspectral analysis](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022013015/5b944a7e09d3f2a65f8c9c8c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ConclusionsConclusions
�� No single No single techniquetechnique/parameter /parameter ableable to to
predictpredict germinationgermination qualityquality
�� Multi (hyper) Multi (hyper) spectralspectral imagingimaging is is
promisingpromising in in combinationcombination withwith otherother
technologiestechnologies))
�� New New imagingimaging technologytechnology maymay help to help to
automate automate germinationgermination test test analysisanalysis (in (in
the lab and in the field)the lab and in the field)