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The conservation estate in South Africa: Building an
authoritative spatial database Rudi Pretorius
GIS DAY 21-22 October 2013
Pretoria
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OUTLINE
1 • Background
2 • PACA database
3
• Improving data quality
• User feedback
• Quality assurance
4 • Next steps
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PART 1: BACKGROUND
Setting the scene
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Complex system of protected & conservation areas
Mountain Catchment Area
Provincial Nature Reserve
Marine Protected Area
Biosphere Reserve
National Park
Protected Natural Environment
World Heritage Site
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World Heritage Site - Buffer
World Heritage Site - Core
National Park
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Many inventories
• Many data sets and inventories of protected and
conservation areas in South Africa
– Register of Protected Areas
– DEA spatial data set
– SANBI
– CSIR
– MAPA
– World Database on Protected Areas
• 2008 - No authoritative, national database on
protected and conservation areas
– Authoritative means a database that conforms to the
quality criteria and standards determined by Statistics
South Africa for Official Statistics.
Data Set Number %
WDPA 967 10.65
SANBI 838 5.92
MAPA 383 5.06
DEA 2010 ~660 ~6.4
DEA 2012 ~946 6.5
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The need for an authoritative spatial
database on protected areas
• NEMPA requires DEA to maintain a register of protected areas – not necessarily spatial
• Spatial Data Infrastructure Act - DEA regarded as custodian of spatial data on protected areas
• As custodian DEA has an obligation to develop and maintain a national spatial database on protected areas
Legal requirement
• Measure conservation accomplishment
• Improved global reporting on implementation of international treaties – MDGs
• Proper delineation of buffer areas – Listing Notice 3
• Support Government Wide Monitoring and Evaluation System
Planning & reporting
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PART 2: PACA DATABASE
Development of the current database
Agile methodology Brainstorm Design Development Quality Assurance Deployment
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Development of a national spatial database
2008
2010
2013
Started 2008
Agile methodology Brainstorm Design Development Quality Assurance Deployment
Audit
Only one person can edit at a time Several different databases
Each database structured differently Spatial overlaps
Conservation areas Excluded Extracting statistics difficult
Issues One database that caters for protected areas and conservation areas
Enterprise Geodatabase
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Classification Two main categories
Protected Areas
• National Parks
• Nature Reserves
• Protected Environment
• Special Nature Reserves
• World Heritage Sites
• Mountain Catchment Areas
• Forest Nature reserves
• Forest Wilderness Areas
• Marine Protected Areas
Conservation Areas
• Biosphere Reserves
• Ramsar Sites
• Stewardship Agreements
• Botanical Gardens
• TFCAs
• Conservancies
• Military Conservation Areas
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Type and sub-type
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Attributes
CORE ATTRIBUTES
Minimum • Unique IDs
• Name
• Type
• Sub type
• Legal status
• Date declared
• Date undeclared
• Documented area
• Management
• Verification status
• Security class
• Original name
• Farm name
• Farm number
• Sub division name
• Sub division number
• SG code
• Date property declared
• Date property degazetted
• Area km2
• Proclamation document
• Verification description
17 other attributes including:
• Governance type
• Ownership
• Relevant Act
• Applicable international convention
• Is there a marine component?
• etc,
ENHANCED ATTRIBUTES
Needed for reporting “Nice to have”
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Characteristics of enterprise database
Protected area Number of
properties
National Park 3922
Nature Reserve 5266
World Heritage Site 7707
Mountain Catchment Area 2633
Forest Wilderness Area 174
Forest Nature Reserve 418
Simultaneous editing
Caters for conservation estate
Captures data on property level
All supporting gazettes stored in database
Versioning and archiving of data
Extraction of statistics
Time series analysis
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Identify land
Approval to acquire
Acquire land
Intent to declare
Gazette Withdrawal
Workflow
Cradle to grave
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Same data – 4 views
Farm – property
10 km Buffer
Outline
Areas to be added
Deproclaimed
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Kaapse Grysbok Private Nature Reserve
5 km buffer
New prospecting right:
Feb 2010- Feb 2015
Mining of limestone
North of Uitenhage
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PART 3: IMPROVING DATA
QUALITY
How do we improve the quality of the statistics extracted from the protected areas
database?
How many protected areas are there in SA?
What is the growth in protected areas coverage over the last 10 years?
How do we improve the data already in the database?
User feedback
Collaboration
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Quality improvement
Official statistics are statistics
designated as official statistics by the
Statistician-General
National statistics are statistics not
designated as official statistics by the
Statistician-General
Aim to have statistics generated from the
database designated as official statistics
Database & statistics extracted
must meet quality criteria
of SAQAF
SAQAF 9 quality criteria,
indicators & standards
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SASQAF Quality statistics (4)
2. Relevance
4.Accuracy
8. Coherence
5. Timeliness 7. Interpretability
6. Accessibility
Meeting real needs of clients
Correctly describes phenomena it is designed to measure
Info available at desired reference point
Ease of obtaining info from agency
Availability of supplementary info and metadata
Degree to which different information within broad analytical and temporal Framework can be Brought together
1. Integrity
Free from political interference: Adherence to objectivity, professionalism, transparency, ethical standards
3.Methodological soundness
Sound methodologies: •International standards and guidelines - good practice •Agreed practices •Dataset-specific
Quality Dimensions: Review SASQAF identifies 9 quality dimensions with Prerequisites being over-arching
9. Pre-requisites for quality Institutional and org. conditions that have an impact on data quality.
Quality statistics (4)
Acceptable statistics (3)
Questionable statistics (2)
Poor statistics (1)
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7 Develop Dataset
Improvement Plan
Assessment
Initiation Phase
Assessment of Protected Areas
dataset
1 Identification of
dataset to be
assessed
2 Selection of
relevant standards
under 9 dimensions of
quality
3 Collection of supporting
documentation for selected
standards
4 Conduct in-
house SASQAF
assessment
5 Core-DQAT
assessment
Protected Areas dataset
selected based on current
availability of supporting
information – First
Geospatial Dataset to be
taken through the process
All dimensions that apply
Identified relevant standards
– Only assessed the Spatial
Dataset at this point and
not the proposed statistical
release that will be
released in 2 years time
In excess of 90 documents
collected
- Including acts, policies,
guideline documents,
minutes of meetings etc…
6 Official
assessment
Improvement
8 Implement Dataset
Improvement Plan
Reassessm
ent
after
1-3
years
2012
Jan-July 2013
August – September
2013
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Deployment and further development
4th Q 2013
1st Q 2014
4th Q 2014
2016
First full
release
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Thank You! egis.environment.gov.za
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User feedback & collaboration
Need easier way to collaborate with management authorities
regarding data in the protected areas database
Crowdsourcing is becoming a popular way to
collaborate on projects
Crowdsourcing is the practice of obtaining needed services,
ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group
of people, and especially from an online community, rather than
from traditional employees or suppliers. Often used to
subdivide tedious work ….., this process can occur both online
and offline.[1] The general concept is to combine the efforts of
crowds of volunteers or part-time workers, where each one
could contribute a small portion, which adds into a relatively
large or significant result.
1. Source: Wikipedia
Examples:
Map Africa Project http://www.mapaproject.org/about/
Tracks 4 Africa http://tracks4africa.co.za/
1. Extract data
2. Summarise data issues
3. Meet separately
with management
authorities
4. Agree on data to be corrected
5. Capture data
Traditional way
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Development of collaboration tool
Work on the tool started April 2013 and is currently being tested
Technical specifications
Accessible via Internet Browser – no GIS software
required
Google Maps type interface
Users need to register to edit or contribute data
All editing done on a copy of the
database
Initially only for conservation authorities
Management console
Functionality
View all data in database in map
and tabular format
Search the database
Select and open a protected area
record
Edit reserve details
On screen editing
Upload supporting documentation and
data
Add new reserve
Administrator
Add and manage users
Administer submissions
Administer site
Site is expected to go live towards the end of 2013
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