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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Next Generation Internet Architectures: Current Status
and Challenges
Fábio Luciano Verdi
University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Agenda• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet– Problems
• Some current proposals– IETF– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and some results
• The future Internet: desired features• Discussion
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
Some years ago…
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
But it works!
Today…
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
• Naming
• Shortage of Addresses
• Security
• Mobility
Why so sad?
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
NamingDNS
Shortage of IPAddresses
NAT
SecurityIPSec
MobilityMobile IP
E2E principle was broken
InternetOssification
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
• Novel services:– Multimedia– New types of data: voice– IPTV– QoS
• Mobility more dynamic, new places, maybe everywhere!
• Heterogeneity IPv4 / IPv6• Security can be affected by mobility, different threats• Multihoming: end-host multihoming and AS/ISP
multihoming (DFZ problem)• IPv4 is to run out on 22nd May 2010!!!
Even more problems…
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
• Start immediately a NGI proposal!
• Take into account the experience and the lessons learned so far
• Although we want to construct a “forever” architecture, this is IMPOSSIBLE: unknown situations
• Try to make it simple!!!
What should be done?
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
The most basic principle:
IP = identifier + locator
separation between identifier and locator
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background • 128 bits namespace (solves the lack of IPv4 addresses)• Solves the IP semantic overload• Enables new functionalities, like mobility, multihoming
and heterogeneous network integration
Identifier
Locator
Application
Dynamic Binding
socket
Application
Locator
socket
LocatorLocatorLocator
Static Binding
TCP/IP ID Layer
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
• We know it is the main solution!!!! But new challenges appear…
• Identifier-based routing X resolution– Where the resolution is done
• Several approaches• Common assumptions: most of the approaches
consider to have a “box” in the border of the ISPs/domains
• Host-based X network-based
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Introduction and Background
ITR ETR
• Mapping EIDs to LOC• Cache• Query
end hostend host
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Agenda• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet– Problems
• Some current proposals– IETF– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and some results
• The future Internet: desired features• Discussion
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
IETF
• LISP (NERD, CONS)
• IPvLX (draft): IPv6 acts as identifiers and IPv4 acts as locators
• eFIT: Separate provider addresses from client addresses (draft, paper at ACM IPv6-August 2007)
IETF proposals (or based on)
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Others
• ROFL (Sigcomm 2006)
• UIP (hotnets 2003, 2004, others)
• DONA
• Our nodeID extended:– NID / DID approach
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Some Current Proposals: Limitations
• Updates to the mapping are intended to be relatively rare
• Not indicated for fast mobility• Mapping at the edges• Involves an ambitious Replicator system• Cache invalidation• Flooding/distributed servers• Time for lookups
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Agenda• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet– Problems
• Some current proposals– IETF– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and some results
• The future Internet: desired features• Discussion
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Content Networks• It is a new paradigm!• Content-centric / data-oriented paradigm
– Publish/Subscribe communication model– Information is indexed by keys
and retrieved by subscription.
• Protocols are declarative – Say what you want, not where to get it from
• Data is self-certified – Self-validating data (hash, signature, PKI)– Secure the data not the channel
• Routers/nodes become network processors– Are caches of content, indexes, and buffers.– Forward information while caching,
in the style of MANETS, DTNs, sensor and P2P.
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Traditional Internet vs. Content-Centric New Internet
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Pub/Sub Communication Model
P
SPublisher Rendevouz Subscription Routing
Dissemination of Publications
ContentAdvertisements
Publisher
Subscriber
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Agenda• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet– Problems
• Some current proposals– IETF– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and some results
• The future Internet: desired features• Discussion
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Current work of our group: architecture and some results
• Functionalities– Name Resolution– Mobility– Multihoming– Flat Routing– Security– Heterogeneity– Legacy Applications Support
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Internet Model
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22Network
Mobility
RVS ClientGw Msg SV
DHT Client
DHCP Client
Control plane
Security Mgr
NIDRouting
ConnMapper
Flat Routing Support
NID Filter
DNSHandler
Legacy Appl. Support
SecurityPacketHandler
NIDMapper
Identity Layer
ASI
ANIANI
ARI
Internal Modules
DHCPDNSDHT RVS
External Modules
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Results
• Name Resolution (DNS and TXT records)• Registration (RVS and DHT)• Data transfer• Intra-domain mobility• Inter-domain mobility (node and domains)• Multihoming• Heterogeneous networks (IPv4/IPv6)• Network Composition
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Results: Composition
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Agenda• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet– Problems
• Some current proposals– IETF– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and some results
• The future Internet: desired features• Discussion
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
The future Internet: desired features
• Jon Crowcroft:
Toward a Network Architecture that does Everything
Communications of the ACM, January 2008
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
The future Internet: desired features
• Unbind identity and location
• Flat and cryptographic global identifier
• Flat routing
• Heterogeneous network integration
• Support to legacy applications (transparency)
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
The future Internet: desired features
• Clean Slate X Patching
• More business-oriented
• Focus on data (content-based routing)
• Sender-oriented receiver-oriented
• Natural or built-in mechanisms for multihoming, security and mobility
• Context-awareness
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Discussion
• Challenges– Deployability– Scalability– Compensation mechanisms– Trust– Reputation– Unwanted traffic– …
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I2ComM 2008 Colombia, CartagenaFebruary 22
Thanks!
http://www.dca.fee.unicamp.br/~verdi