juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 1 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
,e;J rkak; - I
01) 1
02) 4
03) 4
04) 5
05) 3
06) 3
07) 2
08) 5
09) 5
10) 1
11) 5
12) 3
13) 2
14) 4
15) 5
16) 2
17) 3
18) 4
19) 1
20) 5
21) 4
22) 1
23) 5
24) 4
25) 5
26) 2
27) 3
28) 3
29) 2
30) 2
31) 1
32) 3
33) 1
34) 3
35) 5
36) 5
37) 3
38) 3
39) 2
40) 2
41) 5
42) 3
43) 4
44) 2
45) 3
46) 1
47) 1
48) 3
49) 5
50) 4
,e;J rkak; - II
gFjp - I
01) m) mju;tu;> mq;fpu]; vd;w ,Ubfs; guk;giuapduhy; cUthf;fg;gl;likapdhy; mju;t
Ntjk; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.
khe;jpupfj;Jld; njhlu;Gilajdhy; mju;tNtjk; vdg; nghUs; ngw;wJ vdTk; $wg;gLk;. (2 Gs;sp)
M) jpuaPtpj;ahTk;> mju;t NtjKk;
,Uf;F Ntjj;jpd; rpy gFjpfs; mju;t Ntjj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mju;t Ntjk;
20 fhz;lq;fisAk; 731 #j;jpuq;fisAk; 6000 ghly;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. (3 Gs;sp)
,) nghJ kf;fspd; tho;f;ifAld; njhlu;gila rpy rlq;Ffis vLj;Jf; $WtJ nghJ
kf;fspilNa fhzg;gl;l gof;f tof;fq;fSf;Fupa khe;jpupfj;ijNa mju;t Ntjk;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. mit
kf;fspd; Neha; jPu;f;Fk; ke;jpuq;fs; - Ng~[hdp
ePz;l MASf;fhd ke;jpuq;fs; - MA~;a #j;jq;fs;
ey;y tpisr;ry;fisAk;> tu;j;jfj;ijAk; ngUf;Fk; ke;jpuq;fs; ngs];bfhdp
muru;fspd; ed;ik gw;wpf; $wg;gLfpwJ - ,uh[fu;khdp
ngz;fs; tho;it nropg;Gw mikf;Fk; ke;jpuq;fs; - ];jpupfu;khdp
tpthfk;> kuzk; Nghd;w fhyq;fspy; nraw;gLk; fpupiafSf;Fupa ke;jpuq;fisAk;
mju;t Ntjk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. (10 Gs;sp)
<) kf;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gl;l tho;tpay; rlq;Ffis vLj;Jf; $WtJ
gpw;fhy kuzf; fpupia> jpUkzf; fpupia Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd ke;jpuq;fisf;
nfhz;lJ
rpj;j MAs;Ntjk; gw;wpf; $wpaikahy; gpw;fhy MAs;Ntj itj;jparhiyf;F
Kd;Ndhbahf mike;jJ.
mwf;fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
c k; :- 100 iffshy; ngw;W 1000 fuq;fSf;Fj; jhdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
aho;. tyaf; fy;tpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mDruizAld; njhz;ilkhdhW ntspf;fs epiyak; elhj;Jk;
Field Work Centre jtizg; guPl;ir> khu;r;
Term Examination, March
juk; :- 13 (2016) Gs;spj;jpl;lk;
FWC
- 2016 - 2016
,e;J rkak ;
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 2 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
rNfhjuj;Jtk; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
kd Ntw;Wikfis ePf;Ftjw;Fupa ghly;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sik
,d;W cyf mikjpapd; nghUl;Lk; Ngrg;gLk; rhe;jp> rkhjhdk;> mikjp Nghd;w
fUj;Jf;fisg; ngupJk; typAWj;jg;gl;Ls;sik. (5 Gs;sp)
02) m) fgpyuhy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.
E}y;fs; :- rhq;fpa #j;jpuk;
rhq;fpa fhupif (4 Gs;sp)
M) fhz;ly;
fUjy;
ciu (2 Gs;sp)
,) rhq;fpak; vd;gJ G+uz mwpT. mjd; Nfhl;ghLfs; tUkhW
GUld;
gpufpUjp
Kf;Fzk;
rhj;fhupfthjk; mtw;wpd; tpsf;fk;. (10 Gs;sp)
<) rhq;fpa jj;Jtq;fshd
1. gpukhzk; (gpujpal;rk;> mDkhdk;> Mgj thf;fpak;)
2. rj;fhupa thjk;
3. GUld;
4. gpufpUjp - khia
5. Kf;Fzk;
Kjyhd Nfhl;ghLfs; irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpw;F Kd;NdhbahfTk; gpukhzk;> khia
Ntjhe;jj;jpw;Fk; Kjyhdit Kd;Ndhbahf mike;jd. (4 Gs;sp)
03) m) jpUKiwfs;
Nrhou; fhyj;jpy; uh[ uh[ Nrhodhy; njhFg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. njhFj;jtu; ek;gpahz;lhu;
ek;gp
njhFg;G KiwAk; gd;dpU jpUKiwfspd; Mrpupau;fSk;
Nrhou; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j jpUKiwg; Gytu;fSk; mtu;fsJ ghly;fSk;
ek;gpahz;lhu; ek;gp Nre;jdhu; fUT+u;j;Njtu;
jpUKiwfs; Nfhapy;fspy; ghlg;gLjy;
XJthu; kuGfs;
fy;ntl;Lr; nra;jpfs; jpUKiwfs; ghLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs; (5 Gs;sp)
M) jpUf;Nfhapy;
Mfkk; rhu;e;j tpjpfSf;F mike;j fl;blq;fs; cd;dj tsu;r;rp fz;ld.
Nrhou;fhy Nfhapy;fis ehd;F fl;lq;fshf tFf;fyhk;.
jQ;irg; ngUq;Nfhapy;> fq;if nfhz;l NrhNor;ruk;> tp[aghya NrhNor;ruk;
jpUf;Nfhapy;fSf;F kd;du;fs; toq;fpa jhdq;fs;
Nfhapy;fis XJthu;fs; epakpj;jy; jpUKiwfs; XJjy; Njtubahu;fs;
uprgj;jpdpahsu;fs;> gd;k Nf];tu NritfSk; Myaj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wd.
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; tpohf;fSk;> kd;du;fspd; Kb#l;L tpohf;fSk; gl;lhgpN~rfKk;
jpUf;Nfhtpy;fspy; rJu;Ntjp kq;fyk;
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; r%f Nritfs;. XJtu; rhiyfs;> thf;fzpg;G kz;lgk;
,ir> eld> ehl;ba Ez;fiy tsu;r;rpf;Fk; cjtpd. (5 Gs;sp)
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 3 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
,) mur gzpfs;
Nrho kd;du;fspd; cWjpahd murpay;
fly; fle;j tu;j;jfk;> <l;ba nghUshjhuj;jpd; nry;tq;fs; ahTk; Nfhapy;fs;
fl;lTk; nghJ kf;fspd; ed;ikf;fhfTk; ntspte;jd.
,iwgf;jp> rptghj Nrfuu;> jpUePw;Wr;Nrhod; vd;w ngau;fis #baik
gpukhz;lkhd Nfhapy;fis fl;b fiyfis tsu;j;jdu;.
Ntjhfkq;fspy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtu;fs; muru;fshf flikahw;wpdu;.
Nfhapy;fSf;F epyk;> nghd; jhdkhf toq;fpaik
muru;fs;> Njtubahu;fs;> epakpj;J tjptpl trjp mikj;jik
Nfhapy;fs; r%f Nrit epWtdq;fshf tpsq;fpaik (5 Gs;sp)
<) gbkf; fiy
gbkf; fiyapd; cd;dj fhyk; thu;g;Gf; fiyapd; nry;thf;F
ntq;fyr; rpiy thu;f;Fk; fiyQu; ngUikfs;
Mfk tpjpfSf;F mikthd jpUTUtq;fs; eluh[u; jpUTUtk;> gpujpkhyl;rzk;
fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu;> ghu;tjp> fz;zfp tbtq;fs;
ehad;khu; jpUNkdpfs;
,yq;ifapYk; nghyeWitapYk; Nrhou;fhy gbkf; fiyapd; nry;thf;F (5 Gs;sp)
gFjp - II
04) m) 1. ,yq;if Nerd; (1877)
2. irt cjaghD (1880)
3. irt Nghjpdp (1881)
4. tpQ;Qhd tu;j;jpdp (1882)
5. ,e;J rhjdk; (1899) (3 Gs;sp)
M) jfty; njhlu;GfSf;nfd cUthf;fg;gl;l rhjdk;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; gyjug;gl;l
kf;fSf;Fk; jfty;fisNah> fUj;Jf;fisNah Nehf;fq;fisNah mwptpf;Fk;
Kiwik fUtp jfty; njhlu;G my;yJ nghJrdj; njhlu;Grhjdk; vdg;gLk;.
kdpjdJ md;whl tho;f;iff;F kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahj rhjdkhf miktJ
thndhyp> jpiug;glk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> njhiyNgrp> ,izak;> ,Wtl;L> xspehlh
kpd;top (7 Gs;sp)
,) 1. Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bw;F cioj;jy;
2. cz;ikr; nra;jpfis toq;fy;
3. nra;jpfspd; jiyg;Gf;fSf;F Nju;e;njLj;j nrhw;fis toq;fy;
4. r%f Nehf;F
ngz;zbik> tujl;riz jPz;lhik tNyhj;fhuk; Kjyhd r%f rPu;NfLfis
ntspf; nfhzu;jy;.
5. ,df;FOf;fSf;fpilapy; mjpf Kuz;ghl;il Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; tifapy; nra;jpfis
ntspaplhjpUj;jy;
6. ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfs; tpohf;fs; rpw;gq;fs; ehlfq;fs; ,yf;fpak;> Xtpaq;fs;
fl;llf;fiy Kjyhdtw;iwf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;> tpku;rpj;jy;
7. tul;rp> Gay;> nts;sg; ngUf;F Kjyhd ,aw;if mopTf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLj;jy;
Nkw;fhl;ba mbg;gilapy; Nju;e;njLf;Fk; njhlu;ghly; xd;wpid vLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
c k; :- gj;jpupif
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 4 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
1. gj;jpuiffs; Nkw;fhl;ba tplaq;fis gFj;J ntspapLjy; cz;L. jdpj;jdp
nra;jpfshfTk; ntspapLjy; cz;L.
2. rpy gj;jpupiffs; rkaj;jpd; nghUl;L ntsptUfpd;wd.
c k; :- ,e;J rhjdk; irt cjaghD
rka tplaq;fs;
tpohf;fs; nrhw;nghopT> Guhzgldk;> kfhehL> rka rkj;Jtk;> $j;J> ciuahly;>
Ma;T
fz;ldq;fs;> gyd;fs;> fl;Liufs;> fz;bj;jy;> cupik Nfhuy;> epfo;r;rpfis
glq;fSld; ntspaply;. (10 Gs;sp)
05) rp. j. K. gRgjpr; nrl;bahu;.
(i) fhyKk; #o;epiyAk;
jhahu; ngau; - ts;spak;ik
je;ijahu; ngau; - f. Kj;Jf;Fkhur; nrl;bahu;
njhopy; - thzpgk;
gpwg;G - 1856 Mdp khjk; 30 Mk; jpfjp
fy;tp - Muk;gf; fy;tp - tz;iz irtg;gpurfhr tpj;jpahrhiy
Mq;fpyf; fy;tp - irt Mq;fpy tpj;jpahrhiy aho;g;ghzk;
kj;jpa fy;Y}up
cau; fy;tp - Fk;gNfhzk; murpdu; fy;Y}up
fy;tp kuG - ehtyu; guk;giu
ehtyu; Nehf;fpy; irtj;ijAk; mjd; tsu;r;rpf;F fUtpahfpa fy;tpiaAk; tsu;g;gij
jd; ,yl;rpakhff; tho;e;jik.
(ii) gzpfs;
1. irtgupghydrigapd; cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;jik
2. irtgupghyd rigapd; nghUshsuhff; flikahw;wpaik
3. aho;g;ghz ,e;Jf; fy;Y}upapid Muk;gpj;J elj;jpaik
4. FUFy tFg;ig Muk;gpj;J fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; elj;jpaik
5. FUFy tFg;ig elj;j tpLjpfs; mikj;jik
6. jpUf;NfjPr;rug; gzpfs;
1. gioa rptypq;fk; fz;Lgpbj;jy;
2. Gjpa Myak; mikj;jy;
7. tz;iz itj;jP];tud; Myaj; jpUg;gzpf;F khdpak; mspj;jy;
(iii) nghJg; gzpfs;
1. tpf;Nlhupah thrpfrhiy jpwj;jy; mjd; nghUshsuhff; flikahw;wy;
2. ,e;J thypgu; rq;fj;ij cUthf;fy;
3. ,e;J rhjdk; vDk; gj;jpupifia Muk;gpj;J elj;Jjy;
4. Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fis ntspapl;lik
5. Njthughuhaz tFg;Gf;fis Mw;Wg;gLj;jpaik (20 Gs;spfs;)
06) m) (i) eluh[u; tbtk;
mwpKfk;
Guhzf; fijfs; njhz;ik
(ii) ,yl;rz tpjp
msitg; gpukhzk;
gq;fk;
];jhuzk;
myq;fhuk;
MAjq;fs;
Kj;jpiufs;
Fzk;
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 5 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
(iii) jj;Jtk;
1. Ie;njhopy; jj;Jtk;
gilj;jy; - tyf;if Ve;jpaik
fhj;jy; - mgafuk;
mopj;jy; - jPNae;jpa fuk;
kiwj;jy; - Cd;wpa jpUtb
mUsy; - J}f;fpa jpUtb
2. eluh[ tbtk; J}y #f;Fk gQ;rhl;ruq;fSld; njhlu;GgLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
e - jpUtb
k - jpUtapW
rp - jpUj;Njhs;
th - jpUKfk;
a - jpUKb
(iv) rka r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
1. irt rpj;jhe;jk; Nfhl;ghl;il eluh[ %u;j;jk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf cs;sJ.
2. rptd;Nfhtpy;fspy; eluh[ tbtk; ,lk;ngWk;
3. irt tpf;fpuff; fiyAld; njhlu;GilaJ
4. eluh[ %u;j;jk; khu;fop jpUthjpiuAld; njhlu;gilaJ.
5. topghLfs; rpthyaq;fspy; jpUthjpiu jpUntk;ghit ehl;fspy; rpwg;ghd
topghL rpjk;guj;jpy; tpNrlkhd topghL
M) (i) Nrhk];fe;jk;
rpt %u;j;jk; 64 rpwg;G 25. ,jpy; Nrhk];fe;j %u;j;jKk; xd;W. rptd; cikAlDk;
fe;jDlDk; tPw;wpUf;Fk; %u;j;jk; Nrhk];fe;j tbtkhFk;.
] ckh ];fe;j tbtk;
(ii) Njhw;wk;
Guhzf;fij nfhz;kk;
(iii) ,yl;rz tpjp
,iwtd; Kf;fz;zdhf fhl;rpaspg;ghu;
mku;e;jpUf;Fk; Mrdk; gj;ugPlk;
Gypj;NjhYilia mzpe;jtd;
tyJ if - guR
,lJ if - khd;
kw;iwa tyJ if - mgafuk;
ehd;fhtJ if - tujfuk;
tyJ if - kfu Fz;lyk;> rpk;̀ Fz;lyk;
,lJ if - gj;u Fz;lyk;
jiy - rlh kFlk;> Ckj;j kyu;> gpiw vd;gd rilapw; #l;lg;gl;Ls;sd.
khu;gpy; - cgtPfk;
,Lg;gpy; - cj;jupak; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cikapd;
tyJ fuk; - jhkiu
,lJ fuk; - Mrdj;ijj; njhl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
,lJ fhy; - njhq;ftplg;gLk;
tyJ if - cw;gyj;ij jhq;Fk;
,lJ if - tujfuk;
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 6 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
fe;jd;
cikf;Fk; rptDf;Fk; eLtpy; mikAk;
xU Kfk;
,U fuq;fs;
,U fz;fs;
fuz;l kFlk;
kfu Fz;lyk;
iffspy; fhg;G
tyJ if - jhkiu
(iv) jj;Jtk;
cz;ik - mwpT - ,d;gk; (]j;> rpj;> Mde;jk;) vd;w %d;wpd; tbtNk
Nrhk];fe;j %u;j;jj;jpd; jj;Jtk;
rptd; - ]j;
cik - rpj;
KUfd; - Mde;jk;
rptd; ,r;rh fpupah rf;jpiaAk; Qhdh rf;jpahfpa fe;jidAk; nraw;gLj;jpa gQ;r
fpUj;jpaq;fisr; nra;fpwhu;.
(v) rka r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Nju;j; jpUtpohtpd; NghJ jpUTyhf; nfhz;L tUjy; (20 Gs;spfs;)
07) m) “tpujkhtJ kdk; nghoptopg; NghfhJ epw;ww; nghUl;L czit tpLj;NjDk;
RUf;fpNaDk; kdk;> thf;F> fhak; Mfpa %d;wpdhYk; flTis nka;ad;NghL
topgLjy; (2 Gs;sp)
M) rptuhj;jpup
jpUthjpiu
gpuNjhrk;
Nfjhunfsup tpujk; (4 Gs;sp)
,) fhyk;> tpuj epajp vd;gd Fwpg;gpl;L tpsf;Fjy;
c k; :- kfhrptuhj;jpup tpujk;
epajp
1. tpuj jpdj;jpw;F Kjy; ehs; xUNtis czT cz;zy;
2. tpuj jpdk; cgthrk; ,Uj;jy;
3. rpthya juprdk; nra;jy;
4. ehd;F rhkg; G+ir fhZjy;
5. rpt Njhj;jpuk; ghLjYk; Nfl;lYk;
6. gQ;rhl;ru ke;jpuk; n[gpj;jy;
7. ,uT KOtJk; epj;jpiu tpopj;jy; ,ayhNjhu; ,ypq;Nfhw;gt fhyk; tiu
tpopj;jpUj;jy;.
8. kWehl; fhiy tpujk; Kbj;J #upa cjaj;jpw;F Kd; ghuiz nra;jy; (10 Gs;sp)
<) 1. xOf;f tpjpfs;
2. kdjpy; mikjp> Gdpjk; Fb nfhs;sy;
3. ,iwtDf;F jd; gf;jpia mu;g;gzpj;jy;
4. mtDld; cwT nfhs;s Kaw;rpj;jy;
5. Gdpjj; jd;ik
6. mf Gw J}a;ik
7. ,iwtDld; xd;Wgly; (14 Gs;sp)
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 7 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
08) m) ehfjk;gpuhd; topghL
Njhw;wk;
1. njhd;kk; gw;wpa fUj;jpay;
m) MjpN~rd;
M) mde;jd;
,) gyuhkd; Nr~ehrdpd; mtjhuk;
2. ehl;lhu; kugpay;
m) Ie;J ngz;fSld; xU ghk;G cld; gpwj;jy;
%d;W ngz;fSld; xU ghk;G gpwj;jy;
tuyhW
rpe;Jntsp Kj;jpiufspy; ghk;gpd; tbtk;
Ntjq;fspy; ghk;G m`p vd miof;fg;gLk;
aRu; Ntjk; fU ghQ;rhyj;jpy; njhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ghQ;rhyj;jpd; jiyefuk;
m`pr;re;jpud;. mg;gFjp kf;fspd; Fynja;tk; Mjpehfk;
fpU`a #j;jpuj;jpy; %d;W cyfpw;Fk; ehd;F jpirfSf;Fk; nja;tkhf
ehfu;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wdu;
epj;Nj]; vd;Dk; ngsj;j E}y; ehf topghL gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;
fzp~;fWil gl;laq;fspy; ehf tbtq;fs; nghwpf;fg;gl;ld
ehfk; itjPf nja;tq;fspd; thfdkhfTk; mzpfykhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
rpw;gk;> Xtpak;> gbkk; Kjyhdtw;wpd; nghUs; kukhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
M) irtrpj;jhe;jk; $Wk; gjpapd; ,ay;G
,iwtd; MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yhjtd; - mehjpahdtd;
,iwtd; midj;J capu;fSf;Fk; cyfq;fSf;Fk; jiytd;
gjpNa Nkyhd nghUs;
xU ehkk; Xu; cUtk; ,y;yhjtu;
jj;Jtq;fisf; fle;jtu;
jj;Jtq;fNshL gpupe;Jk; gpupg;gpd;wpAk; epw;gtu;
rpwg;gpay;G - nrh&g yl;rzk;
nghJtpay;G - jlj;j yl;rzk;
,iwtd; capu;fspd; nghUl;L Ie;njhopy;fisAk; nra;tjw;Fupa jpUtUs; jpU
Nkdpahff; nfhz;L vOj;J mUSthu;. ,J jlj;j epiy. ,e;epiyapy; cUtk;> Fzk;>
Fwp> nraYk; cila %u;j;jpahf ,Ug;ghu;. fUtp fhuzq;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L epw;gJ
nrh&gyl;rzk;. gjpapd; ,ay;G QhdKk; Mde;jKk; MFk;. ,jid rj;rpj; Mde;jk;
vd;gu;. ,k; %d;wpYk; ,iwtdJ vz;Fzk; mlq;Fk;. vd;WKs;s mf;fhyj;Jk; xNu
jd;ikahd nghUs; rj; jd;taj;jdhjy; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
rpj;jpy; J}a clk;gpduhjy;> Kw;Wzu;jy;> ,aw;if czu;tpddhjy;> ,ay;ghfNt
ghrq;fspy; epd;W ePq;Fgtu;> NguUs; clik> Kbtpy; Mw;wy; clik vDk; MW
Fzfk; mlq;Fk;.
Mde;jj;jpy;> tuk;gpy; ,d;gKilia mlq;Fk;. ,t;thwhd vz; Fzq;fs;
,iwtdpd; ,ay;igf; $Wfpd;wd. ,iwtd; mUtk;> cUtk;> mUTUtk; Mfpa
jpUNkdpiaf; nfhz;L tpsq;Ffpwhu;.
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 8 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
,) jpUQhdrk;ge;j%u;j;jp ehadhupd; rkag; gzpfs;
ghz;ba ehl;L kd;dhd $d; ghz;bad; rkaj;ijj; jOtpdhd;. kf;fSk;
mtidg; gpd;gw;wpr; rkz rkaj;ijj; jOtpdu;. mjdhy; ghz;ba kd;ddpd; kidtp
kq;ifaw;furpahUk; mikr;ruhd Fyr;rpiwahUk; tUe;jpdu;. Qhdrk;ge;jUf;F epiyia
ntspg;gLj;jpdu;. vdNt mtu;fs; ,UtUk; tuNtw;f Qhdrk;ge;ju; ghz;ba ehl;Lf;F
te;J jpUklj;jpy; jq;fp ,Ue;jhu;. mtuJ tUifia mwpe;j rkzu;fs; klj;Jf;F jP
itj;jdu;. mj;jPapy; epd;Wk; jg;gpa Qhdrk;ge;ju; mj;jifa nfhbatu;fs; thOk;
ehl;il MSk; Nte;jdpd; Fw;wk; jhd; nfhbaJ vdf;$wp “nra;aNd....” vd;w
gjpfj;ijg; ghbdhu;. ghz;ba murDf;F ntg;G Neha; Vw;gl;lJ. rkzu;fs; ghz;badpd;
ntg;G Neha; ePf;fg; gythW Kad;W gadpd;wp epd;wdu;. ghz;ba kd;dd; jdJ jtiw
czu;e;jhd;. Qhdrk;ge;ju; “ke;jpukhtJ ePW......” vd;w gjpfj;ijg; ghb kd;ddpd; ntg;G
Nehia ePf;fpdhu;. ghz;bkh Njtpapd; ew;gz;Gfisf; fz;L tpae;j Qhdrk;ge;ju;
“kq;ifaw;furp tstu; Nfhd; ghit...” kw;Wk; “khdpNeu; tpop......” vd;w gjpfq;fisg;
ghb kq;ifaw;furpahupd; gzpfisg; Nghw;wpdhu;. mt;thW ghz;ba kd;dd; kPz;Lk;
irtrkaj;ijj; jOtpaikahy; ghz;ba ehL KOtJk; kPz;Lk; irtrkaj;ijj; jOt
jpUQhdrk;ge;jNu toptFj;jhu;.
“Nte;jDk; Xq;Ff......” vDk; gjpfj;ijg; ghbdhu;. ghz;badpd; $d; epkpu;e;jJ.
,jdhy; Fd;wpa rkak; tsu;r;rp ngw;wJ.
Mya topghl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;f Qhdrk;ge;ju; Myaq;fs; NjhWk;
ahj;jpiu Nkw;nfhz;lhu;. Ntjhuzpaj;jpy; kiwfshy; G+l;lg;gl;L mbatu;fs; topgl
KbahJ ,Ue;j Myaj;jpd; fjitj; jpwf;f “rJuk;kiw......” vDk; Njthuj;ijg;
ghbdhu;.
mzy;thjk;> Gzy;thjk; vDk; thjq;fs; nra;J irtrkak; nka;r;rkak; vd
thjpl;lhu;.
<) gps;isahu; topghL (fhzhgj;ak;)
Njhw;wk; - aRu; Ntjk;> N`uk;g cgepljk;> rptGuhzk;> kr;r Guhzk;> fe;j Guhz
E}ypYk; tpehafu; Guhzj;jpYk; tpehafupd; Njhw;wk;;;;;; tpehafu; topghL
gw;wpa nra;jpfs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.
gps;isahu; gw;wpa nra;jpfs;
fpupia Kiw - Mfk rpw;g rhj;jpu newp rhu;e;j topghl;L Kiw Mfk rpw;g rhj;jpu
newp rhuhj topghl;L Kiw
tpujq;fs; - tpehaf rJu;j;jp> tpehaf r~;b> Rf;fputhuk;
Njhj;jpuk; - fNzr gQ;r uj;jpdk;
tpehafu; mfty;
tpehafu; ftrk;
gps;isahu; Kk;kzpf; Nfhit
jj;Jtk; - gpuztUgu;
Ie;njhopy; jj;Jtk;
rka r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
juk; - 13 (2016) - khu;r; - 2016 9 ,e;J rkak; - Ans.
c) jQ;irg; ngUTilahu; Mya Xtpaq;fs;
uh[ uh[ Nrhodhy; fl;lg;gl;l jQ;irg; ngUTilahu; Nfhapypd;
Xtpaf;fiyapd; rpwg;igAk; tdg;igAk; fhzyhk;. fUtiwr; Rtupy; cs;s Xtpaq;fs;
rpwg;ghdit. jQ;irg; ngUq;Nfhtpypd; Xtpaq;fspd; Kw;fhyj;J Xtpaf;fiyg;
ghzpiaAk; gpw;fhy Xtpaf;fiy Nehf;fyhk;.
c k; :- Nahfjl;rzh%u;j;jp
rptngUkhd; khd; Njhypy; Nahfj;jpy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; fhl;rp
jpUf;ifyha fhl;rp
Re;juUk; Nrukhd; ngUkhYk; ifiy nry;Yk; fhl;rp
jLj;jhl; nfhz;l tuyhW
Re;juu; rptngUkhdhy; jLj;jhl; nfhz;l tuyhW
jpy;iyj; jpUf;fhl;rp
jpy;iy eluh[ cUtk; mjid mur Nfhyj;Jld; xUtd;
topgLtJ Nghd;w fhl;rp
,ijtpl ,uh[uh[d;> fUT+u;j;Njtu;> jpupGuhe;jfu;> eldkhju;> kq;fiaupd; khd;GkpF
Xtpak;> md;whl tho;f;if Xtpak; vd;gthFk;.
C) MfkKk; fpupiaAk;
,e;Jf;fspd; fpuia kuGifs ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy; Mfkk; Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd.
mf;fpupia newpia vLj;Jf; $Wk; E}y; gj;jjpfs; MFk;. ,f;fpupia Kiwfs;
jpUf;NfhapiyAk; jpUKiwiaAk; ikakhff; nfhz;lit.
Nfhapy;fspy; ,lk;ngw Ntz;ba fpupiafs; mtw;iw Mw;Wk; tpjpfs; G+irapd;
mq;fq;fs; ke;jpu cr;rhldk;> epNtjdg; nghUs; vd;gd gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd.
Nfhapw; fpupiafis rpthfkq;fs; fu;~dk;> gpujpl;il> cw;rtk;> gpuhar;rpj;jk; vDk;
ehd;F gpuptpy; Nehf;Ftu;.
fu;~dk; - Myak; mikg;gjw;Fupa ,lj;ijg; gad;gLj;JtJ
gpujpl;il - Myaj;jpy; jpUTUtq;fis gpujpl;il nra;tJ
cw;rtk; - Myaj;jpy; tUlk; xUKiw epfOk; jpUtpoh
gpuhar;rpj;jk; - Myaf; fpupiafspd; NghJ ,lk;ngWk; Fw;w eptu;j;jpapd; nghUl;L
Mw;wg;gLk; fpupia
Nfhapw; fpupiafis epj;jpa fpupia> iekpj;jpa fpupia> fhkpf fpupia vdTk;
tifg;gLj;jtu;.
epj;jpa fpupia - jpdKk; eilngWtJ (3 Ntisg; G+i[)
iekpj;jpa fpuuia - tpNrl ehl;fspy; Mw;wg;gLk; fpupia (Rf;fpu> Nrhk thuk;)
fhkpf fpupia - gaid mthtpr; nra;Ak; fpupia
kNfhw;rtj;jpd; NghJ eilngWfpd;w fpupiafSk; irt rpj;jhe;jk; $Wfpd;w Ie;njhopy;
jj;Jtj;Jld; njhlu;GgLfpd;wd.
nfhbNaw;wk; - gilj;jy;
thfdj; jpUtpoh - fhj;jy;
Nju;j;jpUtpoh - mopj;jy;
nksNdhw;rtk; - kiwj;jy;
jPu;j;jk; - mUsy;
kNfhw;rtj;jpd; NghJ jpdKk; Rthkpp ntsptpjp tyk; tUjy; eilngWk;. ,jd; %yk;
,iwtd; Md;khf;fSf;F rhk;gt jPl;iria mspg;gjhf $wg;gLk;.
( Gs;spfs;)