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Non-infectious Disease
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What is it?
• Disease that does not spread from person to person
• Usually chronic
• Examples:– Cancer– Allergies– Diabetes– Autoimmune diseases-arthritis
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Diabetes
• Pancreas does not produce enough insulin• Both types have genetic tendencies• Type 1
– Immune system attacks pancreas– Pancreas stops producing insulin– No cure– Occurs in childhood or adolescence
• Type 2– Body doesn’t respond to insulin– Occurs in adulthood– Risk factors: high blood pressure, overweight– Cured by weightloss
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Autoimmune diseases
• Immune system attacks own cells– Multiple sclerosis-nervous system– Rheumatoid arthritis- joints– Lupus- skin, joints, kidneys
• No cure
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Allergies
• Immune system overreacts to foreign substances
• Common allergens– Penicillin– mold– Dust– pollen
• Treated with antihistamines
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Cancer
• Body cells divide out of control
• Cell cycle becomes unregulated
• Caused by mutations of genes– Pathogens- viruses can mutate genes– Chemicals- nicotine– Radiation- UV light
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4 main types
• Carcinoma– External/skin
• Sarcoma– Internal tissue/bone,muscle
• Leukemia– Blood forming tissue (marrow, spleen)
• Lymphoma– Lymph system (lymph nodes, lymph fluid)
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Tumors
• Form when cells grow uncontrollably into a mass.
• Benign-Not cancer– Cells stay clumped– Can be removed easily– Can cause damage in the brain
• Malignant-Cancer– Cells spread out– Infect other tissues– Especially dangerous if infects lymph nodes– Spreading called metastasis
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Treatment
• Chemotherapy-– Chemicals are put into the body to destroy
fast growing cells– Targets cancer cells (as well as hair and
blood cells)
• Radiation– Uses radiation beams to kill cancer cells and
target tumors– Can make you sick
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Other option
• Surgery– Remove tumor– Remove entire organ if possible (breast,
ovaries, testes)
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Women
• Breast cancer– Hard to detect because of mammary glands– Can be malignant or benign
• Ovarian cancer– Tumors on ovary tissue– Can spread into the uterus if not caught
• Cervical cancer– Tumors form on cervix– Can spread to other body parts
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Men
• Prostate cancer– Gland that makes seminal fluid/between rectum and
bladder– Tumors can be benign or malignant. Can cause
death
• Testicular cancer– Tumors form in testes– Most common among young men
• Breast cancer– 1,700 diagnosed every year– Tumors form in breast area
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Environmental
• Lung cancer– Caused by tobacco smoke, asbestos, genetics
• Skin Cancer/melanoma– UV radiation– Family history– Usually benign and can be removed, malignant can
be deadly• Throat/mouth
– Chewing and smoking tobacco– Drinking alcohol– Can cause permanent damage to larynx and tongue