Download - North Africa
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North Africa• Before 1941
– Germany had control under General Rommel’s (“Desert Fox”) command
• 1942– British want to invade N.
Africa and Italy (“soft underbelly”) – U.S. wants to invade France – Operation Torch
– English General Montgomery pushes Rommel out
– El Alamein (Egypt)• Montgomery beats
Rommel in surprise attack
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North Africa• Eisenhower
(American) chases Rommel from other side
• Rommel surrounded– Rommel accused of
plot to assassinate Hitler
– Takes poison and commits suicide
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Italy - 1943• Allies attack Italy• Mussolini out of
power• Germans come
in and put Mussolini back in power
• 1944 - Allies take Italy again (Battle of Anzio and Monte Cassino)
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D-Day
June 6, 1944
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Operation Overlord• Invasion finally a
go for May 1944 – Where to attack?
• Weather and plans push back invasion
• Time to fake out Germans – fake army, inflatable tanks, Patton, decoy bombing
http://ocean.otr.usm.edu/~w416373/HIS%20351/Lsn%2018-%20WWII%20Normandy.ppt#338,2,Operation Overlord
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Inflatable Tanks
http://ocean.otr.usm.edu/~w416373/HIS%20351/Lsn%2018-%20WWII%20Normandy.ppt#338,2,Operation Overlord
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Ready for Operation Overlord
• June 5, 1944 chosen as invasion day
• More than 700 Allies die in rehearsal
• Bad weather forces delay to 6th
• Germans waiting for Allies (though mainly at Calais)
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German Defenses
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Allied Plan
• The Allied plan would involve amphibious landings on the Normandy beaches supported by airborne assaults behind the beaches to block German counterattacks
http://ocean.otr.usm.edu/~w416373/HIS%20351/Lsn%2018-%20WWII%20Normandy.ppt#338,2,Operation Overlord
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June 6, 1944• Paratroopers begin landing shortly after
midnight• Minesweepers led the way• Planes bomb beaches (7500 sorties
between midnight and 8 a.m. – 31,000 airmen)
• Landing begins at 6:30 a.m.• Landing at 5 beaches (Omaha, Utah, Gold,
Juno, and Sword) - - all secured by end of day
• 195,000 soldiers/navy (American, British, and Canadian - - 133,000 go to shore), 7000 ships with landing crafts, tanks, etc., 11,000 airplanes
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http://ocean.otr.usm.edu/~w416373/HIS%20351/Lsn%2018-%20WWII%20Normandy.ppt#338,2,Operation Overlord
At low tide, the assaulting troops had to cross more than 300 meters of completely exposed beach.
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Charles Durning
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Aftermath• Over 10,000 casualties
– Heaviest losses at Omaha
• By June 30th, over 850,000 men, 148,000 vehicles, and 570,000 tons of supplies
• By Sep. 30, Allies have freed France, Belgium, and Luxembourg
• Germans make one last push (Battle of the Bulge – December 1944) - - initially successful but eventually lose
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1945• Mussolini killed
– Mussolini is found dressed as German Soldier
– Shot the next day and hung from town square in Milan
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Germans close to surrender• Hitler marries Eva
Braun• Writes final note to
Germans– Blames Jews for
starting war– Blames his generals
for losing war• April 30, 1945
– Takes poison and then shoots himself; Eva swallows poison
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April and May 1945• Roosevelt dies• Germany
surrenders unconditionally
• May 8, V-E Day (victory of Europe)– Truman (new U.S.
president) accepts surrender