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North America in the 1400s
Section 1.2
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Main Idea
• A variety of complex societies existed in different regions of North America before European explorers arrived in the early 1500s.
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1400s
• North America (NA) was home to many diverse groups and languages.
• Archeologists estimate that between 1 to 10 million American Indians lived before Columbus.
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Southwest• The Anasazi people
mysteriously disappeared before European arrival.
• The Navajo and Apache people moved into the area and adapted many of the ways of life of the Anasazi.
• They lived in pueblos, and raised corn, squash, and beans near rivers.
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Evidence of Anasazi
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Pacific Coast• This area was much richer
in resources than the SW.• American Indians (AI)
hunted whale, salmon, bear, moose, and deer.
• There was plenty of wood to build study houses and totem poles.
• These AI enjoyed far more luxuries than people living elsewhere in NA.
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Canada and Alaska• Why would people in
the north be unable to rely on farming?
• Instead the hunted for seals, beaver, musk ox, and bear.
• Today AI living in this region are known as Inuit, but we mistakenly call them Eskimos.
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Inuit Culture
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Great Plains• Groups of nomadic
people that roamed the plains following buffalo herds.
• Farming here was difficult, but the abundance of animals made for a stable life.
• The Sioux and Cheyenne were well established by the time of European arrival.
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Bison
• Uses for buffalo:– Food– Canteen (bladder)– Dipping spoon (scrotum
and testicles)– Clothing – Shelter– Tools (bones)– Torch (horns)
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Northeast• The Northeast was home to
the Iroquois, the AI group that developed the first American democracy.
• These AI had a legislative body similar to our Congress, where representatives voted on laws.
• Large numbers of forests allowed the Iroquois to construct permanent wooded homes called longhouses.
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American Indian Culture• What is a generalization?• The diversity of the
population makes generalizations risky.
• Many AI societies were organized around family, these are called clans.
• Some were matrilineal, meaning the women, not men, help property and passed on their names.
• Land was not bought and sold, instead most AI groups believed that the land belonged to everyone in the clan.
• Rival groups would fight over control of good hunting grounds.
• Division of labor usually called for women to farm and gather and men to hunt.
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Trade • Although AI groups were
separated by distance and languages they still traded between each other.
• Coastal groups might trade shells to mountain people in exchange for iron.
• The most well know trading path was from the Iroquois lands in New York down to the Cherokee in NC.– The path ran right
through Thomasville!