Download - Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words
![Page 1: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Notes:
Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12
Last Exam
Concrete vs Abstract words
![Page 2: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
22
“Language”
Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686)
Lecture Chapter 19
.
![Page 3: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Components of Language
![Page 4: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Production of Sound
![Page 5: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Origins of Language
Vocalization theories - precursors of language were animal vocalization. (poo-poo, bow-wow, yo-he-ho, sing-song)
Gestural Theory – Primitive gestures evolved into language
Multimodal Theory – gestures and vocalizations evolved together
![Page 6: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A Theory of Language
Core skills for language:
1. Categorization
2. Label categories
3. Sequence behaviors
4. Mimicry
![Page 7: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Localization of Language
Anatomical Areas :pSTP
aSTP
![Page 8: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wernicke Geshwind Model
Localization of Language
Primary auditory Visual
areas
parietal
![Page 9: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Electrical stimulation – generally confirms roles of classic speech areas, adds primary motor and somatosensory areas and supplimental motor area (prefrontal)
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) – generally confirms electrical stimulation studies but suggests additional role for Broca’s area
Imaging – fMRI: many areas activated
PET: specific areas active for specific tasks
Mapping Speech Zones:
![Page 10: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mapping Speech Zones
Confirm roles of anterior / posterior speech zones
Posterior speech zone: analysis of auditory input
Additional role for Broca’s areaLanguage maps onto primary sensory areas
![Page 11: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Disorders of Language
Aphasia - Disorder of speaking, writing (agraphia), or reading (alexia) that does not result from loss of sensory input, muscle paralysis or intellectual impairment
![Page 12: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why is studying language complex? 1. Widespread areas of the brain
contribute to language
2. Most studies of language disorders involve patients with damage to the Middle Cerebral Artery
3. Language deficits after a stroke are severe at first, but recover over time
4. Aphasias have many symptoms and causes
![Page 13: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Disorders of LanguageThree Main Categories of Aphasia
![Page 14: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fluent Aphasias:
Wernicke’s (Sensory) AphasiaTranscortical mixed Aphasia (isolation
syndrome)Conduction AphasiaAnomic or Amnesic Aphasia
![Page 15: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nonfluent Aphasias
Broca’s or Expressive aphasia
Transcortical Motor Aphasia,
Global Aphasias
![Page 16: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cortical Components
Fluent Aphasias:Core deficit is Lack of
speech
comprehension -
temporal regions around
Wernicke’s
Non-fluent Aphasias:
Five symptoms – 1. Speech Apraxia - insula
2. Sentence comprehension
- superior temporal gyrus
3. Speech repetition - arcuate fasciculus
4. Working memory
5. Articulation Broca’s area
![Page 17: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pure Aphasias
Alexia - Inability to read (left temporooccipital)
Agraphia - Inability to write (left inferior parietal)
Word deafness - Cannot “hear” or repeat words (superior temporal gyrus)
![Page 18: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Subcortical Components of Language
Basal GangliaImportant for speech articulation
ThalamusInfluences language by activating the cortex
![Page 19: Notes: Exam corrections – due on Thursday, November 12 Last Exam Concrete vs Abstract words](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56814374550346895daff40c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Right Hemisphere Contributions to Language