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NOW WHERE HAVE I PUT MY GLASSES? A DISCUSSION AROUND DEMENTIA
Dr Marion Overton
U3A SCIENCE 19TH JUNE 2015
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Possible reasons for misplacing glasses
Poor vision “Usual place” not there Preoccupation Disorientation
Including “Toxic confusional state” Any other disturbance of brain function
Eg depression, stroke
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What is Dementia?
“Loss of recent memory” Brain cells die more quickly than in normal
ageing Permanent Cognitive ability no longer adequate to
cope with one’s environment
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How common is it?
>800,000 people with dementia in UK Estimate > 1 million in 2021 17,000 aged under 65 In Derbyshire, 11 new diagnoses / day Cost: £26.2 billion per year
Family & friend carers save £11 billion/year
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Types of Memory Working memory -short term (7 items) Episodic
past events & emotions Semantic
words & factsfamiliar faces & objects
Prospective - future events Procedural - learnt activities
(see “The Memory Handbook”)
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Brain Structure
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Causes of Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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Causes of Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease Vascular Lewy Body
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Lewy Body dementia
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Causes of Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease Vascular Lewy Body Rarer causes, some treatable, eg
AlcoholLow vitamin B12Low thyroid hormone
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How do I spot it in others?
Recent memory Other brain function involvement eg
Movement and CoordinationSwallowing and speechPersonality
Challenging behaviour
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How is dementia diagnosed?
Not by GPs! Memory testing eg MMSE Psychiatric assessment Review of medication Blood tests Brain scan
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How can it be treated?
Cholinesterase inhibitors (MMSE 20-10) Aricept (Donezepil hydrochloride) Exelon (Rivastigmine) Reminyl (Galantamine)
Occupational therapy, speech and language, community psychiatric nurses
(National Dementia Strategy 2009)
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How can we help someone with dementia?
“24-hour wraparound care for lifelong well-being”
Contented Dementia by Oliver JamesISBN 978-0-09-190180-6
1. No questions
2. Learn where your friend’s mind is now
3. Don’t contradict
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Practical care
Research dementia care homes Lasting Power of Attorney, and a Will Claim benefits Lots of reassurance! But safety issues Get help with Challenging Behaviour Care for the Carers Become a Dementia Friend
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How can I avoid getting dementia?
Genetic forms Vascular Delaying the onset
“reinforcement of your cognitive reserve”“better recruitment of your neuronal network”
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Current Research areas
Genetics –Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular dementia
Early Diagnosis –abnormal proteins eg amyloid-beta
Clinical tests for different types of dementia New drug treatments Immunotherapy –antibodies against rogue
proteins
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Thank you
Literature
Alzheimer’s Society 0300 222 1122 [email protected], Help the Aged, Age Concern
Friends www.dementiafriends.org.uk Carers 01773 743355 www.derbyshirecarers.co.uk Elder Abuse response line 080 8808 8141