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NRES/NRCM Senior 2011 Capstone Course
http://www.coolmore.com/farm.php?country=america
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Natural Resources Conservation and Management
Mary Arthur
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NRES/NRCM Senior 2011 Capstone Course
http://www.coolmore.com/farm.php?country=america
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Inner Bluegrass Region Karst topography
Limestone bedrock
Features: rolling hills, caves, disappearing streams, sinkholes
Fertile soils
Equine industry
Palisades
http://ookaboo.com/o/pictures/picture/12590891/R
egions_of_Kentucky_with_the_Western_Coa
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Land Use Agriculture
Pasture/hay
Cultivated crops
Developed
Impervious Surface
Forest
Vegetative cover
http://www.horsemanmagazine.com/2009/02/top-5-horse-farms-in-america/
Calumet Farm, Lexington, KY
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Water Quality Issues
303d listing
Cost
Consent Decree
No established reference
watershed
Casey Muncy
lexingtonky.gov
Lexington Smoke Testing of Sanity System
Hickman Creek Watershed
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Selected Watersheds Raven Run
Hickman Creek
Camden Creek
Jessamine Creek
Dry Run
South Elkhorn
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Data Collection
Water Quality Sampling
USDA Visual Analysis
Leaf Litter Bags
Biotic Index
GIS Analysis
Sandy Fisher/
Nathan Strange
Water Quality Sampling
Leaf Litter Bags
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Expectations
1. Precipitation and results
2. Water quality and land use
3. Differences in water quality
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1. Precipitation and Results
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1. Precipitation and Results
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Supported By Literature: Land Cover Along an Urban-
Rural Gradient: Implications for Water Quality (Wear et al., 1998)
The Importance of Imperviousness (Center for Watershed Protection, 1994)
State of the Great Lakes 2009 Ground Surface Hardening (Purdue University, 2010)
Current Research: Brian Lee Ph.D.
2. Water Quality and Land Use
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2. Water Quality and Land Use
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2. Water Quality and Land Use
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Watershed Ranking System
Goal: Encompass all water quality parameters assessed for each watershed and achieve a quantitative total.
Heather Jordan
Morgan Barnes
Morgan Barnes
Water Quality Sampling
E. Coli Plate
Dry Run Watershed
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Water Quality
Standard
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR*
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH**
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
Parameters of Concern
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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Watershed Ranking Results 1. Raven Run
2. Hickman Creek
3. Camden Creek
4. Jessamine Creek
5. Dry Run
6. South Elkhorn
Nathan Strange
Raven Run Watershed
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Raven Run Watershed • Location:
SE Fayette County
• Total Acreage:
~2,500
• Miles of Streams:
10.16
Group Members:
S. Henschel, C. Clark, J. Henderson,
N. Strange, & J. Durbin
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Land Cover
• Pasture/Hay: 60%
• Total Forest: 37%
• Developed: 2%
• Impervious Cover: 0.2%
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Parameters of Concern
Water Quality
Standard
Raven
Run Hickman Camden Jessamine Dry Run
South
Elkhorn
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR* 104.7 286.5 396.8 419.7 3061.2 11203.8
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH** 1.7 10 10.9 9.7 1.5 4
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
0.2 0.9 3.3 2.9 8.5 12.9
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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Data-Based Results map
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Recommendations Education
Raven Run Nature Sanctuary Conduct watershed
assessment
Macroinvertebrate assessment
Incorporate water quality education into current programs
Nathan Strange
Nathan Strange
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Hickman Creek Watershed
Insert aerial imagery map with stream overlay
Location:
SE Jessamine County
Total Acreage:
~23,760
Miles of Streams: 78.25
Group Members:
S. Fisher, S. Sosa, I. Becker, A. York,
& Matt Reed
Sandy Fischer
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Land Cover Agriculture: 53.7%
Total Forest: 35.5%
Developed: 6.6%
Impervious Cover: 0.2%
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Parameters of Concern
Water Quality
Standard
Raven
Run Hickman Camden Jessamine Dry Run
South
Elkhorn
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR* 104.7 286.5 396.8 419.7 3061.2 11203.8
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH** 1.7 10 10.9 9.7 1.5 4
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
0.2 0.9 3.3 2.9 8.5 12.9
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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Data-Based Results
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Data-Based Results
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Data-Based Results
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Recommendations
Implement agricultural best management practices (BMPs) where not already practiced
Create a Hickman Creek Watershed Council Sandy Fisher
Sandy Fischer
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Camden Creek Watershed
Location:
~15 miles from Lexington, near Versailles, KY
Total Acreage:
~4000
Miles of Streams:
~19
Group Members:
K. Van Hauter, D. McCamish, C.
Muncy, A. Ross, & E. Schulte
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Land Cover Pasture: 68%
Cultivated Crops: 12 %
Impervious Cover: 3.3%
Casey Muncy
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Parameters of Concern
Water Quality
Standard
Raven
Run Hickman Camden Jessamine Dry Run
South
Elkhorn
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR* 104.7 286.5 396.8 419.7 3061.2 11203.8
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH** 1.7 10 10.9 9.7 1.5 4
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
0.2 0.9 3.3 2.9 8.5 12.9
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
1 2 3 4 5 6
mg/
L
Camden Creek High Flow Sample Sites
PO4-P Concentrations
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2
mg/
L
Cave Sample Site
Cave PO4
Data-Based
Results
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Casey Muncy Casey Muncy
Cave System
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Recommendations 1. Control pastured livestock
creek access
2. Implement or enhance riparian woodlands in high priority areas
3. Use UK’s North Farm as an example
4. Form watershed alliance between major farms
Casey Muncy
Casey Muncy
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Location:
Southwest Jessamine County
Total Acreage:
~ 7,500
Miles of Streams:
21
Group Members
Kristi Meier, Kris Gorton, Jackie Lackberg,
Heather Jordan, & John Grider
Jessamine Creek Watershed
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Land Cover Agriculture: 50%
Total Forested: 34%
Developed: 13%
Impervious Cover: 2.87%
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Parameters of Concern
Water Quality
Standard
Raven
Run Hickman Camden Jessamine Dry Run
South
Elkhorn
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR* 104.7 286.5 396.8 419.7 3061.2 11203.8
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH** 1.7 10 10.9 9.7 1.5 4
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
0.2 0.9 3.3 2.9 8.5 12.9
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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Sampling Results
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Sampling Results
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Recommendations Involve Jessamine County
judicial system
Outreach with farmers
Locate pollutant sources from Wilmore Tributary
Work with Asbury University and Wilmore Elementary
Heather Jordan
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Dry Run Watershed
• Location:
Central Scott County
• Total Acreage:
~8,552
• Miles of Streams:
~29
Group Members:
M. Barnes, W. Jones, D. Caskey,
P. Johnson, & D. Stevens
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Land Cover • Pasture/Hay: 59%
• Developed: 21%
• Total Forest: 13%
• Cultivated Crops : 4%
• Impervious Cover: 8.5%
Morgan Barnes
Derek Caskey
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Parameters of Concern
Water Quality
Standard
Raven
Run Hickman Camden Jessamine Dry Run
South
Elkhorn
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR* 104.7 286.5 396.8 419.7 3061.2 11203.8
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH** 1.7 10 10.9 9.7 1.5 4
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
0.2 0.9 3.3 2.9 8.5 12.9
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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Sampling Results
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4
mg/
L
Site
Phosphate
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1 2 3 4
Feca
l Co
li-fo
rm C
FU
Site
Fecal Coliform
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Sampling Results Insert map or image here
Ex: land cover, aerial imagery WITH SAMPLE SITES INCLUDED
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1 2 3 4
um
oh
s/L
Site
Electrical Conductivity
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Recommendations
Establish TMDLs
Implement BMPs
Continued education and outreach
Georgetown- Scott County Planning Commission
Scott County Board of Education
The creation of a future watershed plan for Dry Run
Scott County Conservation District
http://www.gscplanning.com/Fe
eSchedule_files/image001.gif
http://www.scott.k12.ky.us/userfi
les/2112/scslogo%281%29.jpg
http://blogs.995themountain.c
om/files/2011/06/toyota.jpg
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South Elkhorn Watershed • Location:
SW Fayette County and N Jessamine County
• Total Acreage:
~16000
• Miles of Streams:
~ 45 miles
Group Members:
E. Bodkin, L. Derderian, J.
Reed, L. Russo, & J. Turner
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Land Cover • Developed: ~42%
• Pasture/Hay: ~ 36%
• Total Forest: ~16%
• Impervious Cover: ~ 13%
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Parameters of Concern
Water Quality
Standard
Raven
Run Hickman Camden Jessamine Dry Run
South
Elkhorn
Avg. High Flow
Fecal Coliform
(cfu/100mL)
<400 PCR* 104.7 286.5 396.8 419.7 3061.2 11203.8
Avg. Nitrate
(mg/L) <0.5 AH** 1.7 10 10.9 9.7 1.5 4
Impervious
Surface (%)
0-5 Good
5-10 Fair
>10 Poor
0.2 0.9 3.3 2.9 8.5 12.9
*PCR: Primary Contact Recreation
**AH: Aquatic Habitat
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Urbanization and Copper
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Shillito Brannon Clays Mill Ramsey's Dedman Versailles
(m
g/L)
Sampling location
Copper concentration at high flow in the South Elkhorn watershed
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Fecal Coliform at High Flow
Leslie Russo
Logan Derderian
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Shillito Brannon Clays Mill Ramsey's Dedman Versailles
(cf
u/1
00
ml)
Sampling site
Fecal coliform levels at high flow in the South Elkhorn watershed
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Shillito Park
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
(u
mo
hs/
L)
Electrical conductivity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Shillito Brannon Clays Mill Ramsey's Dedman Versailles
(m
g/L)
Sulfate concentration
Red =
high
flow
Blue
= low
flow
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Recommendations Increased progress by LFUCG to
make storm/sewer line and infrastructure improvements
Increased community involvement in organizations such as NUSEC
Increased education and public programs
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Regional Outlook
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Regional Recommendations
BMPs
Agriculture
Intercropping
Fencing
Nutrient management
Erosion control devices
Irrigation management
Developed
Rain gardens
Rain barrels
Pervious surface
Repair damaged sanitary and storm water systems
farmindustrynews.com
Fencing
profence.org Rain Barrel
urbancincy.com
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Technical and Financial Assistance Kentucky Agriculture
Water Quality Act
Clean Water Act Amendment 319 (h)
Kentucky Watershed Watch
Bluegrass PRIDE
Kentucky Non-Point Pollution Control Program
Conservation Districts
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Conclusions
Sandy Fisher
Hickman Creek Watershed
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Thank you to those involved in the creation of this project!
UK Faculty and Staff
Stakeholders
The Cane Run Project
Third Rock Consulting
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Questions Raven Run: Eleanor Sydney Henschel
Hickman Creek: Samuel Sosa
Camden Creek: Aaron Ross
Jessamine Creek: Kristi Meier
Dry Run: Andrew Stevens
South Elkhorn: Leslie Russo
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Larry Grabau Thank you for your contribution to the NRCM/NRES
program.