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Understanding Quality Issues in Building Construction Tope Arowolo August 2015
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What is Quality
The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs
It’s a measure of excellence or state of being free from defects, deficiencies and significant variations. This is brought about by strict and consistence to certain standards to achieve uniformity in all stages of construction methodology to satisfy implied needs
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Talk Quality Talk Specification
Quality in building construction
≡Adherence to specification for Building and Road Works
Specifications provides guidance to the site engineers, designers, architectures, implementers,
contractors etc to achieve good quality materials and adoption of
correct working procedures
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Quality concrete a requisite for quality construction
o The strength of concrete largely depends upon the quality of materials and water content
Concrete
Sand
Cement
Water
Aggregate
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Manifestation of Poor Quality
Poor Qualit
y
Incorrectly made
construction joints
Incorrect steel
placement
Inadequate reinforceme
nt cover
Grout leakage
Poor compaction
Segregation
Poor curing
Inadequate reinforceme
nt cover
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Incorrect Steel Placement
Can result into inadequate cover
Corrosion of reinforcement
If bars are wrongly placed collapse may occur
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Inadequate Reinforcement Cover
Ingress of moisture, gases and other substances
Cracking of concrete
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Incorrectly made Construction Joint• Main faults in joints are due to poor construction &
compartment
• Old concrete should be washed, a layer of new concrete laid before pouring is continued
Good Construction joints should allow for expansion
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Grout Leakage
This occurs where formwork do not fit together
Results in a porous area of concrete with little or no cement
All joints should be properly sealed
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Poor compaction.
Bad compactment Honey-comb concrete
Complete compaction is essential to give a dense,
impermeable concrete
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Concrete Segregation
Segregation results in uneven concrete texture, or porous concrete in some cases
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Other Bad Practices leading to Quality issues
Not Removing impurities from an impure sand
Using weathered sand for construction
Incorrect and uneven aggregate sizes
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Recommended Best Practice in Building Construction1/2
Continuous training and development for core professionals and artisans (to keep members of the building industry abreast with new trends in construction.)
Construction work should only be carried out by licensed and registered professionals (architects, engineers, builders, town planners, surveyors etc)
Regulatory authorities to facilitate monitoring and quality control of projects during and after construction.
Stringent penalties should be applied for those responsible for collapse of buildings
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Recommended Best Practice in Building Construction 2/2
For any structure more than a bungalow, a structural engineer must be involved
Regular audit of defective structures must be carried out (such structures should be demolished before it causes havoc)
Public enlightenment by government and its agencies
Government should provide enabling law for effective control of artisans and craftsmen in the building industry.
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Lafarge is present in Nigeria since 2001…
Lafarge’s Growing Presence in Nigeria
Ashakacem1 plant in Gombe State: 1.0 Mt
Sagamu: 1.0 Mt
Ewekoro 1: 1.2 Mt
Atlas 1 cement import terminal in Port Harcourt
72% stake in Unicem: Calabar:2.5 Mt, started in 2009
Ewekoro 2: 2.2 Mt, Q3, 2011
Wapco (in Ogun state)
Start of a new line in 2003 Strong acceleration of our
development in the recent years
… through the acquisition of Blue Circle Industries (BCI)
2014 : Lafarge has 30% market share 2018: our capacity will reach approx 14 Mt to capture market growth
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In Lafarge ….. We have a Commitment to Health and Safety
Hard Hat
Safety Glasses
Safety Footwear
High Visibility Clothing
Hand Gloves
Mandatory PPEs
Health and Safety of our Stakeholders is a priority
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Our Service Offering & Product Portfolio
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Services OfferingA wide range of advisory services on all
aspects of use and application of cement.
Comprehensive technical support to customers with practical experience on cement and concrete technology.
Concrete Mix Designs Optimization
Offers Materials and Concrete Testing Opportunities
Development of Site Concrete Quality Management System
1
Slump test on site
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General Purpose Cement
Flagship Brand……Since 1960
……brands of impeccable standard. Resonates quality, power, maturity, resilience, durability and reliability. It has consistently won the NIS Certificate for product quality by the Nigerian Standard Organisation for over two decades now.
• Consistent Quality• Assurance
(heritage)
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Specially Formulated Cement for Block-making &
Precast
Early Setting, Early Strength & Unique Latter
Strength
Cement for Block making & Precast
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• Premium Technical Cement • Designed for high grade concrete
users desirous of top performance;
• Heavy Construction• Lower heat of hydration • High workability• Environmental friendly ( less co2
emission)
Cement for High Grade Concrete Application
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ETEX• Specific Application Cement
Production of roofing sheets by the Etex group (Nigerite, Eternite & Emenite)
Supervised general building components
Special form of CEM II with close properties to CEM I
30 tons Bulk Tanker on weighing bridge
Special Application Cement
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• Road Binder Cement• Soil Stabilization for Road
Construction• Suitability for different soil
conditions
December, 2012
Special Application Cement
*Available in 30tons Bulker & 2 tons Jumbo bags (B2B)
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• Cement suitable in areas with large water bodies
• Has capacity to resist sulphate attack
• CEM I 42.5N• Assurance against sulphate
attack• High comprehensive strength• Low heat of hydration
Special Application Cement - SulfaCrete
*Available only in 2 tons Jumbo bags (B2B)
2 tons Jumbo Bags
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Cement Types and Application in Concrete
25Date |
Cement Types Concrete Types Applications
CEM 11 32.5 C15 Blinding Purposes/Non Load Bearing
CEM 11 32.5 C20Ground Floor of Area of Low TrafficWalkwaysSlabs
CEM 11 32.5 C30
Heavy Traffic Ground FloorBeams,Column,SlabsFoundation, Pillars, WallsCanal Precast ElementFence, Pipes
CEM 11 42.5 C40
Skyscrapers FoundationBridges Structural ComponentsDams, Pipes, CanalsPilingFoundation for Bridges
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Cement Applications
Footing/Foundation
Column Floor Slab
Mortar (CHB-Laying)
Beam
Plastering Floor Topping
Concrete Pavement
Gutter & Drainage
Lean Concrete Soil Stabilization
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Types of (vertical) structures built
Single 2 storey Bungalow Duplex
Apartments Low/Mid Rise
Residential
High Rise Residential
Commercial Institutional
Individual Home Building
Non IHB Residential
Non residential
Primarily by IHBs
Formal Contractor
s
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