Download - NTPC BADARPUR training report
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
1/34
REPORT ONGENERATION OF THERMAL POWER
ATNTPC BADARPUR
BY:
YATENDRA PAL
(ECE)
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
2/34
About NTPC
NTPC, the largest power Company in India, wassetup in 1975 to accelerate power developmentin the country.
NTPC has installed capacity of 29,394 MW.
15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW) 7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW) 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW).
The company has power generating facilities inall major regions of the country. It plans to be a 75,000 MW company by 2017.
http://www.ntpc.co.in/cms/index.php?page=Installed-Capacityhttp://www.ntpc.co.in/cms/index.php?page=Installed-Capacity -
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
3/34
Generation of Electricity
Prime mover coupled toAlternator
Prime mover is driven byenergy obtained from various
sources such as burning of fuel pressure of water Force of wind etc.
Fig. Fundamental of generation of Electricity
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
4/34
Thermal Power Plant A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion
into electrical energy is known as a steam power station. Steam is produced in the boiler by utilizing the heat of coalcombustion. The steam is then expanded in the steam turbine and is
condensed in a condenser to be fed into the boiler again. The steamturbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy of theturbine into electrical energy.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
5/34
WORKING OF STEAM POWERPLANT
Coal is burnt in a boiler ,which converts water into steam. The steam is expanded in a turbine used to drive alternator. The steam expanded is condensed in a condenser to be feed into the
boiler again. The entire arrangement of steam power plant can be divided into :
a. fuel and ash plant.b. air and fuel gas plant.c. feed water and steam plant.d. cooling water plant.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
6/34
The most important constituents of a steam power stationare:
a. Steam generating equipmentb. Condenserc. Prime moverd. Cooling towers
e. Electrical equipmentSteamgenerating equipment includes:
Boiler Boiler furnace Superheater Economiser Air Pre-heater
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
7/34
BoilerA boiler is closed vessel in which water is converted into steam byutilising the heat of coal combustion.
Steam boilers are broadly classified into following two types:(a) Water tube boilers (b) Fire tube boilers
In a water tube boiler, water flows through the tubes and the hot gases
of combustion flow over these tubes. Water-tube boilers are used forhigh-pressure boilers
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
8/34
In a fire tube boiler, the hot products of combustion pass through the
tubes surrounded by water.
The heated water then rises into the steam drum. Here, saturatedsteam is drawn off the top of the drum. The steam will reenter thefurnace in through a superheater in order to become superheated.Superheated steam is used in driving turbines. Since water droplets canseverely damage turbine blades, steam is superheated to 730F(390C) or higher in order to ensure that there is no water entrained in
the steam.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
9/34
Super heater
A device which removes last traces ofmoisture.
It helps in reduction in requirement ofsteam quantity. steam being dry reduces the mechanical
resistance of turbine. No corrosion at the turbine blades.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
10/34
Economiser and Air Pre-heater
They are such devices which recover theheat from the flue gases on their way tochimney and raise the temperature of feed
water. Economiser raises boiler efficiency. Air Pre-heaters recover the heat from the
flue gases leaving the economiser andheat the incoming air required forcombustion
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
11/34
Condenser
Which condenses the steam at the exhaust ofturbine.
It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of
turbine, this helps in converting heat energy ofsteam into mechanical energy in the primemover.
The condensed steam can be used as feed
water to the boiler.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
12/34
Prime Mover (i.e. Turbine)A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energyfrom pressurized steam, and converts it into mechanical energy.
About 86% of all electric generation in the world is by use of steamturbines.It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steamengine.
BOILER GENERATOR
STEAM TURBINE
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
13/34
Cooling Towers
Remove heat from thewater discharged fromthe condenser so that the
water can be dischargedto the river or recirculated and reused.
Air can be circulated inthe cooling towers
through natural draft andmechanical draft.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
14/34
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
15/34
Electrical Equipments
AlternatorAn alternator is coupled to a steam turbine and converts mechanicalenergy of the turbine into electrical energy.It may be hydrogen or air cooled.The necessary excitation is provided by means of main and pilot excitersdirectly coupled to the alternator shaft.Transformers(a) main step-transformers, which steps-up generated voltagetransmission of power(b) station transformers, general purpose(c) auxiliary transformers, which supply to individual unit-auxiliaries.Switchgearwhich locates fault on the system and isolate faulty part from healthysection.It contains circuit breakers, relays, switches and other control devices.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
16/34
Coal Handling Plant Details Source of coal = JHARIA COAL FIELD (Jharkhand) Location = Near Ranchi Type of coal = F-grade (Washed) E grade (Raw) Coal requirement = 13,000 MT/Day ( 04 rakes )
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
17/34
Ash Handling Technique
A natural result from the burning of fossil fuels,particularly coal, is the emission of flyash. Ash is mineralmatter present in the fuel. For a pulverized coal unit, 60-80% of ash leaves with the flue gas.
Two emission control devices for flyash are the fabricfilters and electrostatic precipitators.
Electrostatic precipitators have collection efficiency of
99%, but do not work well for flyash with a high electricalresistivity (as commonly results from combustion of low-sulfur coal). In addition, the designer must avoidallowing unburned gas to enter the electrostatic
precipitator since the gas could be ignited.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
18/34
Top View of ESP Schematic Diagram
The fluegas laden with flyash is sent through pipes having negatively
charged plates which give the particles a negative charge. The particlesare then routed past positively charged plates, or grounded plates, whichattract the now negatively-charged ash particles.
The particles stick to the positive plates until they are collected. The airthat leaves the plates is then clean from harmful pollutants.
Side view of ESP Schematic Diagram
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
19/34
Coal Ash can be used in:
Construction of embankments and fills Construction of road in sub-base Manufacture of cement Manufacture of bricks/blocks Filling as flowable fill material Agriculture as soil amendment/source of
essential plant nutrients
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
20/34
OPERATION
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
21/34
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATIONLAB
MANOMETRY LAB PYROMETRY LAB AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB PROTECTION & INTERLOCKING LAB FURNACE SAFEGAURD SUPERVISORY SYSTEM
LAB
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
22/34
MANOMETRY LAB
This Lab. Consists of :
Sensor Indicator
Scale/Recorder
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
23/34
ourdon Tube
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
24/34
anometer
It is a pressuremeasuringinstrument, usually limitedto measuring pressuresnear to atmospheric.
The term manometer isoften used to referspecifically to liquid columnhydrostatic instruments.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure -
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
25/34
YROMETRY LAB
This lab deals with the instruments related totemperature measurement like:
Thermocouple Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
26/34
Thermocouple
Used for themeasurement of hightemperature with a dualelement made ofAluminum 16 Gauge.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
27/34
RTD Resistance TemperatureDetector
used as a primary sensing element operates on this principle of changes in electrical
resistance
Temperature Range:183C 540C Element Resistance at 0C : 100 ohm Accuracy:+/- 0.5
AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
28/34
AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMLAB
Deals in automating the equipments and feedingroutes.
Provides safe operation under all plant disturbances
and component failures. Requires 24 Volt DC, 4-20 mA to excite all the controls. System installed in BTPS is OLD RUSSIAN
SYSTEMS. These are ACS (Automated Control System) which areslowly being replaced by DCS (Digital Controlled
Systems).
PROTECTION &
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
29/34
PROTECTION &INTERLOCKING LAB
Interlocking : It is basically inter-connecting two ormore equipments so that if one fails other can performthe task.
Main Equipments of this lab:o Relayso Fuseso Circuit Breakers
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
30/34
Relays
It is a protective device. It can detect wrong condition in electrical circuits by
constantly measuring the electrical quantities flowing
under normal and faulty conditions.
Types:o Current Relayo Potential Relay
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
31/34
Fuses
It is a sheet piece of metal. It melts if a heavy current flows through it and
breaks the circuit. Usually silver is used as a fuse material.
Types:
o Semi Enclosed Rewire able Fuseo H.R.C Cartridge Fuseo Miniature Current breakers
FURNACE SAFEGUARD
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
32/34
FURNACE SAFEGUARDSUPERVISORY SYSTEM
In this lab, fuel firing system is monitored in thefurnace.
Oil is sprayed first for firing of coal in furnace so
Light Diesel Oil (LDO) is used for ignition. The rate of oil flow is 6000 L/hr before firing.
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
33/34
THANK YOU
-
7/30/2019 NTPC BADARPUR training report
34/34
QUERIES ?