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NURS 1103 or HLSC 2613NURS 1103 or HLSC 2613
Medical Medical TerminoloTerminolo
gygy
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Learning TerminologyLearning Terminology
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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LANGUAGE MEDICAL LANGUAGE
(ML)(ML)Dr. Mohammed Qasim
Baghdad College of Medicine
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Main Objective:Main Objective:Learn Medical Learn Medical TerminologyTerminology
New students to Medical New students to Medical Terminology often Terminology often bewildered by strange bewildered by strange spelling and pronunciation.spelling and pronunciation.
Approximately 75% of Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latinon either Greek or Latin
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Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology
MispronunciationsMispronunciations ArteryArtery - The study of fine paintings. - The study of fine paintings. BenignBenign - What you are after you be - What you are after you be
eight.eight. ComaComa - A punctuation mark. - A punctuation mark. MorbidMorbid - A higher offer. - A higher offer. UrineUrine - opposite of you’re out. - opposite of you’re out. TabletTablet - A small table. - A small table.
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Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives Apply basic principles of medical word Apply basic principles of medical word
building.building. Correctly pronounce medical terms.Correctly pronounce medical terms. Define common medical terms.Define common medical terms. Relate common medical terms to Relate common medical terms to human human
anatomy and physiology; common disease anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic testsdiagnostic tests..
Identify the medical terminology in medical Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports.record reports.
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A Busy Course!A Busy Course!
Are you feeling Are you feeling like a lot of like a lot of information is information is about to come about to come your way?your way?
The answer is The answer is
YES.YES.
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Now, lets beginNow, lets begin
Lecture 1Lecture 1
Basic Elements of Medical Basic Elements of Medical WordWord
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Medical Dictionary UseMedical Dictionary Use
Look Up Unfamiliar Terms
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Building Medical TermsBuilding Medical TermsWord Root
Prefix
Suffix
Combining forms
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Forming Medical TermsForming Medical Terms
Medical Term
PrefixWord root
Suffix
Combining forms
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Word Roots (WR)Word Roots (WR)
Usually derived form Greek or Latin Usually derived form Greek or Latin Frequently indicates a body partFrequently indicates a body part Most medical terms have one or Most medical terms have one or
more word rootsmore word roots
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Examples of Word RoodsExamples of Word RoodsGreek Word Word Root
Kardia (heart) Cardi
Gaster (stomach) Gastr
Hepar (liver) Hepat
Nephros (kidney) Nephr
Osteon (bone) oste
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Combining Form (CF) is a Word Combining Form (CF) is a Word Root (WR) plus a vowel, usually Root (WR) plus a vowel, usually an “o”an “o”
Usually indicates a body partUsually indicates a body part
Combining Forms (CF)Combining Forms (CF)
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Combining Forms Combining Forms ExamplesExamples
Cardi/ + o = cardi/oCardi/ + o = cardi/o heartheart gastr/ + o = gastr/ogastr/ + o = gastr/o stomachstomach hepat/ + o = hepat/ohepat/ + o = hepat/o liverliver nephr/ + o = nephr/onephr/ + o = nephr/o kidneykidney oste/ + o = oste/ooste/ + o = oste/o bonebone
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SuffixesSuffixes
Word EndingWord Ending Suffix usually indicates a Suffix usually indicates a
procedure, condition, disease, or procedure, condition, disease, or part of speechpart of speech
Usually derived from Greek or Usually derived from Greek or LatinLatin
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Examples of SuffixExamples of Suffix Arthr/oArthr/o -centesis-centesis Arthrocentesis Arthrocentesis
jointjoint puncture puncture of a joint puncture puncture of a joint
throac/o -tomy Thoracotomythroac/o -tomy Thoracotomychest incision incision of the chest incision incision of the chestchest
gastr/o -megaly Gastromegalygastr/o -megaly Gastromegalystomach enlargement enlargement of stomach enlargement enlargement of thethe stomach stomach
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PrefixesPrefixes
Word element located at the Word element located at the beginning of a wordbeginning of a word
Changes the meaning of the wordChanges the meaning of the word Usually indicates a number, time, Usually indicates a number, time,
position, direction, color, or sense position, direction, color, or sense of negationof negation
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Examples of PrefixExamples of Prefix A- mast -ia A- mast -ia
without breast conditionwithout breast condition
hyper- therm -ia hyper- therm -ia
excessive heat conditionexcessive heat condition
intra- muscul -ar intra- muscul -ar in muscle relating toin muscle relating to
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Basic Rule One Basic Rule One
A WR (word root) is used before a A WR (word root) is used before a suffix that begins with a vowel.suffix that begins with a vowel.Scler/ + osis = sclerosisScler/ + osis = sclerosis
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Basic Rule TwoBasic Rule Two
A combining vowel is used to link a A combining vowel is used to link a WR to a suffix that begins with a WR to a suffix that begins with a consonant and to link a WR to consonant and to link a WR to another WR to form a compound another WR to form a compound wordwordcolon/o + scope = colonscopecolon/o + scope = colonscopeosteo/ o/ chondr/ itis = osteo/ o/ chondr/ itis = osteochondritisosteochondritis
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Defining Medical WordsDefining Medical Words
First, define the suffix or endingFirst, define the suffix or ending Second, define the prefix, or Second, define the prefix, or
beginningbeginning Third, define the middleThird, define the middle
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Word Roots and Combining Forms [CYT(O)]
Combining Forms Meaning
cyt(o)
dextr(o)
dips(o)
dors(o)
erythr(o)
esthesio
cell
right
thirst
back
red
sensation, perception
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Word Roots and Combining Forms
Combining Forms Meaning
galact(o)
gluco
gero
glyco
gyn(o)
home(o)
kin(o)
milk
glucose
old age
sugars
women
same
movement
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Combining Forms Meaningkinesi(o)
lact(o)
leuk(o)
lith(o)
mio
narco
necro
motion
milk
white
stone
smaller; less
sleep; numbness
death; dying
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Word Roots and Combining Forms [NOCT(O)]
Combining Forms Meaningnoct(i)
oncho
path(o)
phago
phon(o)
pseud(o)
pyo
night
tumor
disease
eating
sound; voice
false
pus
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Word Roots and Combining Forms [PYRO]Combining Forms Meaning
pyro
salping(o)
schiz(o)
scler(o)
scolio
somato
spiro
fever
tube
split; division
hardening
crooked; bent
body
breath; breathe
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Word Roots and Combining Forms [TEL(O)]
Combining Forms Meaning
tel(o)
tono
tropho
xanth(o)
xeno
Xer(o)
distant; end; complete
tension; pressure
food; nutrition
yellow
stranger
dry
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Prefixes
•Prefixes are attached to the beginning of words.
•Modifies the meaning of the word or word root.
•Indicates size, quantity, position of, and location.
PrefixWord Root
Suffix
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Prefixes (a–aut)Prefix Meaning
a
ab
ana
ante
anti
aut(0)
without
away from
up, toward
before
against
self
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Prefixes (brachy–hypo)Prefix Meaning
brachy
brady
contra
dys
hemi
hyper
hypo
short
slow
against
abnormal; difficult
half
above normal
below normal
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Prefixes (inter–peri)Prefix Meaning
inter
iso
mal
meta
micr(o)
olig(o)
peri
between
equal; same
bad; inadequate
after
small
few; little; scanty
around; about; near
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Prefixes (pro–un)Prefix Meaning
pro
re
retro
semi
supra
tachy
un
before; forward
again; backward
behind; backward
half
above; over
fast
not
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Suffixes
•Attaches to the end of the word and carries the underlying meaning of the word.
•Suffixes can also be combining forms.
PrefixWord Root
Suffix
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Suffixes (ad–crine)Suffix Meaning-ad
-algia
-asthenia
-blast
-cidal
-clast
-crine
toward
pain
breaking
weakness
immature; forming
destroying; killing
secreting
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Suffixes (crit–ectomy)Suffix Meaning
-crit
-cyte
-cytosis
-derma
-dynia
-ectasis
-ectomy
separate
cell
condition of cells
skin
pain
expanding; dilating
removal of
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Suffixes (emesis–graphy)Suffix Meaning
-emesis
-emia
-esthesia
-globin
-gram
-graph
-graphy
vomiting
blood
sensation
protein
a recording
recording instrument
process of recording
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Suffixes (ic–malacia)Suffix Meaning-ic
-ism
-itis
-kinesia
-logist
-lysis
-malacia
pertaining to
condition; disease
inflammation
movement
one who practices
destruction of
softening
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Suffixes (mania-pathy)Suffix Meaning-mania
-megaly
-oid
-opia
-ostomy
-para
-pathy
obsession
enlargement
like; resembling
vision
opening
bearing
disease
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Suffixes (penia-phrenia)Suffix Meaning
-penia
-pepsia
-pexy
-phage
-phobia
-phonia
-phrenia
deficiency
digestion
fixation
eating; devouring
fear
sound
of the mind
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Suffixes (phylaxis-rrhaphy)Suffix Meaning
-phylaxis
-plasty
-plegia
-pnea
-ptosis
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
protection
surgical repair
paralysis
breath
falling down; drooping
heavy discharge
surgical suturing
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Suffixes (rrhexis-tropia)Suffix Meaning
-rrhexis
-spasm
-stasis
-stenosis
-tomy
-trophy
-tropia
rupture
contraction
stopping; constant
narrowing
cutting operation
nutrition
turning
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Rules•Add s to words ending in any vowel or consonant except s,x,z, or y (ex. joint- joints)
•Add es to words ending in s,x, or z (ex. reflex - reflexes)
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Rules Cont’d
•Remove x and add `ces to Latin words ending in x (ex. appendix - appendices)
•Remove the `y and add `ies to words ending in `y preceded by a consonant (ex. mastectomy- mastectomies)
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Rules Cont’d
•When an ending `y is preceded by a vowel, the usual plural suffix is `s (ex. boy - boys)
•Add `e to Latin terms ending in a (ex. lamina - laminae)
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Rules Cont’d
•Remove `us and add `i to Latin words ending in us (ex. bacillus- bacilli)
•Change `sis to `ses in Greek words ending in sis (ex. psychosis - psychoses)
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Rules Cont’d
•Remove `on from and add `a to Greek words ending in `on (ex. criterion - criteria)
•Remove `um from and add `a to Latin words ending in um (ex. diverticulum - diverticula)
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•fossa fossae
•datum data
•radix radices
Latin Greek
Singular Plural Singular Plural
•neurosis neuroses
•ganglion ganglia
•calyx calyces
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