Download - Nursing Management- Motivational Theories
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The Porter-LawlerModel Porter and Lawler
Equity Theory John Stacey Adam
Self- EcacyTheory
Albert Bandura
ontrol Theor ar!er and Schcie
"T#E$M"T%&AT%"'AL
T#E"$%ES
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The Porter-Lawler Model Porter and Lawler
Porter and Lawler used &ictor &room(s e)*ectancy thefoundation to de!elo* their e)*ectancy model+ Similar totheory, Porter and Lawler concluded that an indi!idual(s mto com*lete a tas is a.ected by the reward they e)*ect for com*letin/ the tas+ #owe!er Porter and Lawler i
additional as*ects to the e)*ectancy theory+
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The Porter-Lawler ModelPorter and Lawler
The model presatisfaction is detthe perceived intrinsic and rewards for
performance.
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Equity TheoryJohn Stacey Adams
1963 John Stacey A
Idea that fairneand equity are kcomponents of
motivated individ
The higher anindividual's perce
of equity, the mmotivated they w
If someone perce
an unfair environmthey will bedemotivated
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Equity TheoryJohn Stacey Adams
utputs
!hat the workergets from a "ob
#are
repse
Inputs!hat a workercontributes to a
"ob
$%ort,work,determ
&oncept that people dsatisfaction and motivation
their e%orts (inputs) an(outputs) with those of the
in the same or other
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Equity TheoryJohn Stacey Adams
Individuals develop their perception of calculating a ratio of their inputs and outcomcomparing this to the ratio of others.
+n individual may not perceive he is being trwhen he works hours per week and receivpay, while his co-worker works 0 hours per
receives /1 in pay.If the comparative ratios are perceived by thebe unequal, then inequity exists.
Inequity exists when there is a perceived di%ratios of inputs and outcomes.
2nderpayment inequity and overpayment ine
+s the di%erence in inequity increases, the tensdistress felt by an individual will increase.
#maller di%erences of inequity are more tolesigni*cant di%erences of inequity.
The greater tension an individual feels due to pinequity, the harder they will work to decrease tand increase perceived levels of equity $xamples include decreasing productivity at
a new "ob, asking for a wage increase, or atte"ustify changes in their perceptions of inputs
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$quity
Individual outcomesor rewards will be in
proportion toindividual inputs
and e%orts.
$quality
3ewards are equalgiven out to all
participants despitindividual inputs
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Self- Ecacy TheoryAlbert Bandura+ccording to +lbert 4andura,
self-e5cacy is 6the belief in
one7s capabilities to organi8e
and execute the courses of
action required to manage
prospective situations9.
In other words, self-e5cacy is a
person7s belief in his or her
ability to succeed in a particular
situation. 4andura described
these beliefs as determinants of
how people think, behave, and
feel.
4eliefs of #elf-e5cacy beg
early childhood as childrewide variety of experience
situations. :owever, the g
e5cacy does not end duri
continues to evolve throu
people acquire new skills,
eople can identify goals
accomplish, things they w
change, and to achieve. :
people also reali8e that
plans into action is not
4andura found that an ind
e5cacy plays a ma"or role
tasks, and challenges are a
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Self- Ecacy TheoryAlbert Bandura
$;$ !IT: + #T3-$>>I&+&?@
Aiew challenging problems as
tasks to be mastered.
Bevelop deeper interest in the
activities in which they participate.
>orm a stronger sense of
commitment to their interests and
activities.
3ecover quickly from setbacks and
disappointments
$;$ !IT: + !$+C #$
$>>I&+&?@
+void challenging tasks.
4elieve that di5cult
situations are beyond thei
>ocus on personal failings
outcomes.
Duickly lose con*dence
abilities.
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Self- Ecacy TheoryAlbert Bandura
>23 E+F3 #23&$# > #$;>-$>>I&+&?.
/. Eastery $xperiences
G. #ocial Eodeling
0. #ocial ersuasion
. sychological 3esponses
erforming a task
strengthens our sense of
:owever, failing to adequat
task or challenge can u
weaken self-e5cacy.
G. #ocial Eodeling
!itnessing other people
completing a task is anot
source of self-e5cacy.
6#eeing people similar to o
by sustained e%ort rais
beliefs that they too
capabilities master compar
to succeed9
i i i
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Self- Ecacy TheoryAlbert Bandura
reactions to situations
important role in self-e5c
Eoods, emotional st
reactions, and stress
impact how a person fe
personal abilities in
situation.
+ person who becom
nervous before speaking
develop a weak sense of
these situations.
0. #ocial ersuasion 4andura also asserted that people
could be inuenced to belief that
they have the skills and capabilities
to succeed.
&onsider a time when someone said
something positive and encouraging
that helped you achieve a goal.
=etting verbal encouragement from
others helps people overcome self-
doubt and instead focus on giving
their best e%ort to the task at hand.
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Self- Ecacy TheoryAlbert Bandura
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