NUTRIENTS
Nutrients Living matter is made of cells, but
what are cells made of?
Cells are made of molecules based on
based on 4 main chemical elements:
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and
hydrogen (plus lots of other elements)
and the many compounds that can be
made from combining these elements.
Organic and Inorganic
Compounds All living things are made up of
compounds that are classified as:
Organic
Inorganic
Rocks and other nonliving things
contain inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds are more related
to living things: carbon and hydrogen.
Organic and Inorganic
Compounds Even though organic compound are
more related to living things, some
nonliving things, there are some
exceptions.
Coal is a nonliving thing that contains
organic compounds.
Why? It was formed from dead and
decaying plants, which are living things.
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Fats or Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
Made up of hydrogen, carbon and
oxygen.
They are organic molecules that
supply energy for cell processes.
It is the main source (and quickest
form) of energy for all cellular
functions.
Carbohydrates Classification
Simple or Monosaccharides
Glucose, Sucrose and Fructose (all fruits, dairy
products, honey,
Complex or Disaccharides/Polysaccharides.
Starch and Fibers (bread, pastas, grains, beans,
lentils, and root vegetable like potatoes).
More examples: coke, cakes, candies, sauces.
Carbohydrates Animals and humans store excess glucose in the
form of glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Between meals the liver breaks down glycogen
to glucose and releases it into the blood stream
to supply glucose to cells in need.
If people consume more carbohydrates than
they need at the time, the body stores some of
these carbohydrates within cells (as glycogen)
and converts the rest to fat.
Fats or Lipids Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
phosphorus.
A lot of lipids function as long-term energy
storage. Lipids do not mix with water.
They store and release even larger
amounts of energy than carbohydrates do.
The body needs fats for grow and energy.
Fats or Lipids One gram of fat stores more than twice as
much energy as one gram of
carbohydrates.
Lipids consist of glycerol and fatty acids.
Classification
Saturated: Meat, butter, cheese, oil.
Unsaturated: avocado, olive, peanut, corn,
sunflower, etc.
Fats or Lipids One gram of fat stores more than twice as
much energy as one gram of
carbohydrates.
Lipids consist of glycerol and fatty acids.
Classification
Saturated: Meat, butter, cheese, oil.
Unsaturated: avocado, olive, peanut, corn,
sunflower, etc.
Proteins Proteins are composed of carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.
The building blocks of proteins are
aminoacids. There are 20 different.
Proteins are the building blocks of many
structures in organisms.
Muscles contains larger amounts of
proteins.
Proteins Proteins provide the basic structure for the
muscles, bones, hair, skin, cartilages and
circulatory system.
Classification:
Simple: sufficient amounts of all the
essential amino acids. Meat, eggs, fish, etc.
Conjugated: some of the essential amino
acid. Example: beans, rice, nuts, etc.
Vitamins Vitamins are organic compounds required
as nutrients, in tiny amounts by an
organism.
Our body needs them in order to grow
properly, so we can grow and develop.
Vitamins Vitamin A – carrots – see at night
Vitamin B – green vegetables - energy
Vitamin C – oranges – heal cuts / flu
Vitamin D – bones - milk
Vitamin E – tissues (eyes, skin) - grains
Minerals The same as vitamins, our body needs
them in order to grow properly, so we can
grow and develop.
Classification:
Macro minerals: our body needs larger
amounts. Calcium, phosphorus, sodium,
potassium, magnesium and sulfur.
Trace minerals: iron, manganese, copper,
zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and iodine.
Minerals Calcium – milk, cheese, yogurt, salmon
and broccoli.
Zinc – beef, pork, lamb.
Potassium – bananas and tomatoes