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Pub l i c H e a l t h Nut r i t i o na l P rob l e m a f f ec t i ng Ind i an p opul a t i on .
S t ep by S t ep proc e dure f or c ondu c t i ng n ut r i t i ona l gu i danc e
K. Shivashankar,
2nd year P.G. Dept. of Public Health Dentistry
Saveetha dental college
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INTRODUCTION
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PROBLEM
POPULATION PROBLEM
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROBLEM
MEDICAL CARE PROBLEM
NUTRITIONAL PROBLEM
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NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS• UNDER NUTRITION (MALNUTRITION)
• OVERNUTRITION
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
a) Socio-economic factors
b) Food considerations
c) Aspects of health d) Demographic issues
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C O N C E P T U A L F R A M E W O R K F O R T H E C A U S E S O F M A L N U T R I T I O N I N S O C I E T Y
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INDICATORS OF NUTRITIONAL HEALTH
Three standard indices of physical growth that describe the nutritional status of childrenHeight-for-age (stunting)
Weight-for-height (wasting)
Weight-for-age (underweight)
Two indicators of nutritional status are presented for adultsHeight
Body mass index (BMI).
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NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA
Low birth weightProtein Energy MalnutritionXerophthalmiaKeratomalcia Nutritional anaemiaLathyrism Endemic goiter (Iodine deficiency disorders) Endemic fluorosisObesity and overweightCardio Vascular Diseases
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LOW BIRTH WEIGHT About 28 % of babies born
in India are LBW as compared to 4 percent in some developed countries.
Every year children die in India-2.5 million
Maternal mortality in India is one of the highest in the world, with 540 deaths per 100,000 live births .
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CAUSES OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Maternal malnutrition and nutritional anaemia.
Hard physical labour and illness (infections) during pregnancy.
Short maternal stature, very young age pregnancy.
Smoking.
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P R O T E I N E N E R G Y M A L N U T R I T I O N
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CLASSIFICATION OF PEM
WEIGHT FOR AGE CLASSIFICATIONS
HEIGHT FOR AGE CLASSIFICATION
WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT CLASSIFICATION
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VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
Xeropthalmia
Keratomalcia
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NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA
WHO standard – Hb level estimation
Adult male – 13 gm%
Adult Female non pregnant- 12gm%
Pregnant woman- 11gm%
Children < 6 years- 11gm%
Children 6-14 years- 12gm%
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NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA
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TREATMENTDose: Each Tab contains 80 mg of elemental iron ( 200mgFe sulphate ) and 0.5mg of Folic acidDuration: 2-3 months Hb returns to normal. Follow up: estimate Hb after 3 months Refer to Hospital if Hb<10gm%
Children: If anemia , supplement 20mg of elemental iron ( 100mg Fe Sulphate)
Iron Fortification: simple addition of ferric orthophosphate or ferrous sulphate with sodium bisulphate to fortify salt with iron.
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Io d i ne d e f i c i e nc y d i s or d er s ( I DD) :
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ENDEMIC FLUOROSIS
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ENDEMIC FLUOROSIS
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LATHYRISM
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OBESITY
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Obesity - When the body weight is 20% more than the desirable weight.
Over weight - When the body weight is between 10-20% more than the desirable weight
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CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES
Classified as one of the Food habit related Illness
Change in food habits and lifestyle has increased the risk of CVD in Indian population mostly in Middle Class and upper middle class groups.
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PREVENTIO N O F M ALNUTRI TIO N
•ACTION AT FAMILY LEVEL
Nutrition education on
a)Selection of right kind of local foods
b)Planning of nutritionally adequate diets c)Promotion of breast feeding and adequate infant & child feeding.
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•ACTION AT COMMUNITY LEVEL:
•People's participation is essential.
•Empowerment and participation of women are particularly important
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A C T I O N AT N AT I O N A L L E V E L
Rural development
Increase agricultural production, distribution and storage
Stabilization of population
Nutrition related health services
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ACTION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
World Food Program ,1963 providing enough safe food to those in need •In September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Declaration was endorsed by 190 countries and was translated into eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015.
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G UIDELINES F O R CO UNS ELI NG
a) Gather information
Interviewing- Purpose of an interview is to obtain information and to give help. Basic goal in interviewing is to understand
The problem
The factor that contribute to it
The personality of the patient
Patient selection
Diet history
Diet diary
b) Evaluation and interpretation
Adequacy of intake of food
The amount and type of food
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G UIDELINES F O R CO UNS ELI NG
c)Develop and implement plan of action
d)Seek active participation of family
e)Follow-up the progress and assessment made
f)Computer diet analysis:
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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
Clinical examination
Anthropometry
Bio chemical evaluation
Functional assessment
Assessment of dietary intake
Vital health statistics
Ecological studies
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COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES
INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME
VITAMIN A PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAMME(1970)
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA
SCHEME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS (KISHORI SHAKTI YOJNA)
IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER PROGRAMME (1962)
MID-DAY MEAL PROGRAMME (1961)
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COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES
BALWADI NUTRITION PROGRAMME
NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR NUTRITION SUPPORT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION
AKSHAYA PATRA AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN MID-DAY MEALS
EMERGENCY FEEDING PROGRAMME 2001
VILLAGE GRAIN BANKS SCHEME
WHEAT BASED NUTRITION PROGRAMME (WBNP)
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COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES
SC/ST/OBC HOSTELS
SAMPOORNA GRAMIN ROZGAR YOJANA
NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME
GRAIN BANK SCHEME
PULSE MISSION
National Rural Health Mission 2005-2012
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CONCLUSION
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