Download - Ob lesson 2 personality
04/12/2023 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 1
PERSONALITYIndividual Differences
Part 1
04/12/2023 Organizational behaviour Lesson 2 2
Personality
Objectives: Students should be able to
Explain the basic sources of personality. Identify some personality traits that affect
behaviour.
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Personality
Learning objective 1 Explain the basic sources of
personality determinants.
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Personality
Personality concept1. Behaviour involves a complex interaction of the
person and the situation.2. Personality represents personal characteristics
that lead to a consistent pattern of behaviour.3. Personality describes people commonalities and
differences.4. Personality is stable over time.
Definition : personality represents the overall profile or combination of stable psychological attributes that capture the unique nature of a person.
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Personality
Heredity
Environment•Culture•Family•Group membership•Life experience
Heredity and environment are important determinants of personality.
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Personality
Heredity A source of personality differences Research shows strong genetics effects on
human personality. Some research points to evidence of 50 to 55% of personality traits have been attributed to genetics.
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Personality
Environment
Environment is considered to be a source of personality differences.
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Personality
Four environmental components contributing are:
Family
Culture
Life experiences
Group membership
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Personality
Culture – the distinctive ways that people in different societies organize and live their lives. Culture determine societal values and morns as well
as the role people play. Culture assist in determining broad patterns of
behavioural similarities among people. Cultures are not homogenous. People of the same
cultural background do not always respond the same way.
Implication for managers: Managers of a same cultural background as their
subordinate should not assume that their subordinates are like themselves in context of societal values, personality, or other individual characteristics.
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Personality
Family Family is a primary means for socialization of
an individual into a particular culture. The family influences personality formation.
Family related variable such as socio-economic status, family size, birth order, race, religion, geographic location, parent’s educational level, etc. influence personality development.
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Personality
Group membership A person’s personality is influence by his or
her membership in a group. Personality may result from the influence of
membership in different groups, past and present.
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Personality
Life experiences: Specific events and experience can impact on
one’s personality development. A complex series of events and interactions
with others people shape an adult’s self-esteem.
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Personality
Learning Behaviour 2 Indentify some personality traits that affect
behaviour.
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Personality
Specific personality traits are basic components of personality
The Big-Five personality dimensions (factors) describe an individual’s personality in terms of:1. Extroversion2. Emotional stability3. Agreeableness4. Consciousness5. Openness to experiences
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Personality
Extroversion High : talkative, active, sociable,
assertive, gregarious Low: reserved, quiet, introverted
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Personality
Emotional stability High : Calm, relaxed, secure Low: worried, depressed, anxious, insecure,
angry, embarrassed
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Personality
Agreeableness High : Cooperative, tolerant, good-
natured, trusting, courteous, caring Low: Rude, cold, unkind
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Personality
Conscientiousness High : Dependable, thorough,
organized, responsible, planful, achievement oriented, hardworking
Low : Sloppy, careless, inefficient
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Personality
Personality types Psychologists also describe personality
characteristics and dispositions as personality types.
Many personality types are for understanding and managing behaviour in organizations. The following describe some personality types: Self-esteem Locus of control Machiavellian Type A and B personalities
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Personality
Self-esteem Self evaluation in terms of one’s own
behaviour, abilities, appearance, and worth. People with self-esteem:
likely to take more risk in job selection Attracted to high-status occupations Less easily influenced by other’s opinion in work
setting Set higher goals for themselves Less susceptible to stress, conflict, ambiguity,
poor supervision, poor working conditions. etc
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Personality
Openness High : Curious, intelligent,
broadminded, creative, imaginative, cultured
Low : Simple, unimaginative, conventional
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Personality
Locus of control The extent to which people believe that they can
control event affecting them. It may be external or internal External locus of control is the believe that
one’s destiny is controlled by luck, fate, chance, or other people.
Internal locus of control is the believe that one’s life is primarily controlled by one’s behaviour and actions.
People with an internal locus of control have better control of the behaviour and tend to be more active politically and socially.
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personality Machiavellian personality type
A Machiavellian personality: Holds cynical views of other people’s motives Places little value on honesty Approaches the world with manipulative intent Maintains distance between themselves and others is emotionally detached from other people in their
lives
A person of this personality type can contribute to interpersonal conflicts, given his or her suspicious interpersonal orientation.
Source: Champoux , 2006 p111
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Personality
Type A: Aggressive Shows a sense of
time urgency Focuses excessively
on achievement Continuously creates
new and more goals and engage in more activities
Do things quickly Has a tendency to
dominate others Explodes in angry to
trivial events
Type B has no sense of time
urgency Stops to review
achievements Has high self esteem Not bother by common
everyday events Approaches the world
more calmly than type A
Type A and B personalities