Download - OBC | Observing the brain to know ourselves
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Observing the brain to know ourselves
Sara A. Solla
Northwestern University
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The human brain
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The human brain
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Neurons
About 85 billion neurons,
of which about 15 billion
are in the cortex.
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Neurons
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Neurons
electrode
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Spikes: action potentials
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Spikes: from single neurons
to multiple neurons
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Multi Electrode Arrays (MEAs)
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Reaching tasks
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Center out task
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MEA recordings: center out task
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MEA recordings: multiple targets
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Converting thoughts into actions
Nicolelis, Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2003)
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Brain machine interfaces Idea first proposed by Edward M. Schmidt in 1980: `Single
neuron recording from motor cortex as a possible source of
signals for control of external devices’.
Schmidt, Annals of Biomedical Engineering (1980)
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Multi Electrode Arrays (MEAs)
Truccolo, Hochberg, Donoghue, Nature Neuroscience (2009)
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Activity: multiple neurons
110 neurons, M1, hS3
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Brain machine interfaces
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Neuroprosthesis
Hochberg, Serruya, Friehs, Mukand, et al, Nature (2006)
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Neuroprosthesis
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MEA recordings: center out task
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Target-dependent population activity
fi =ni
D
Here is the number of spikes
emitted by neuron i during a time
bin of duration .
ni
D
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Decoding direction of motion
for center out task
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Predicting motion from neural activity
Simultaneous recordings of population activity
provide insight on the activity of networks of neurons
and its relation to function.
The ability to simultaneously record and decode the
activity of large populations of neurons provides a tool for
the restoration of function.
The mathematical analysis of neural activity associated
with arm reaches allows us to predict motion trajectory.
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• Incorporate realistic limb dynamics into forward pathway
• Incorporate proprioception in feedback pathway
Bidirectional Brain Machine Interface