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OECD work in E-commerce
Akira Yoshida, Policy AnalystDirectorate for Science, Technology and Innovation
International Congress on E-commerce15-16 March 2018
Medellín, Colombia
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OECD: Long history of
Protecting Digital Consumers
1998: Ottawa 2008: Seoul 2016: Cancun
First Ministerial on e-
commerce in 1998 –
the year Google was
incorporated
Envisioned potential of
internet:
From a useful platform to an
essential infrastructure for all
economic and social actors
And beyond…
OECD Ministerials on the Digital Economy
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IBM 360 (1964) – the first commercial mainframe
Computing is not new…
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…but ubiquitous computing is…
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Millions Smartphones Other mobile phones
Quarterly shipping trends of smartphones, 2010-13
Sources: www.washingtonpost.com and OECD Broadband Portal
2005 2013
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…marking the beginning of
digital transformation…
https://thepowerofus.org/2016/08/09/the-internet-of-things/
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…with data and analytics
transforming production...
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/business/new-wave-of-adept-robots-is-changing-global-industry.html6
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… fueling new types of
disruptive innovation…Algorithmic trading as share of total trading
*Note: 2013-14 based on estimates. Source: OECD based on The Economist (2012) and Aite Group
Driverless carSiri
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HealthPublic
AdministrationEnergy
TransportationAgriculture
Manufacturing 8
Digitalisation
…and affecting all activities.
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E-commerce has become
common place...
9
Online shoppers: 2010 and 2016Individuals having ordered goods or services online as a percentage of all individuals
Source: OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017
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Future growth will be in
emerging economies…
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Shares of Global Middle Class Consumption, 2000-2050
Source: The Emerging Middle Class In Developing Countries, OECD Development Centre, Working Paper No.285, 2010
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E-commerce growth factors
• Increased Internet and mobile penetration
• Wider product choices at competitive prices or “free”
• More active consumers accessing, comparing and sharing information more easily
• Wealth of consumer data
• Growing number of platforms facilitating consumer-to-consumer transactions
• Growing range of online and mobile payment mechanisms
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• Consumers benefit from more choices but face greater complexity
Some new B2C e-commerce issues
This hoverboard looked great on my screen but
immediately after my kid tried it , it burst into flames
I have never heard of this online company
but it has a lot of good ratings. Can I
trust them?
The app I downloaded does not do what I
expected. Can I return it?
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Revised OECD Recommendation
on E-commerce (2016)
13http://oe.cd/digital-consumers
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Active consumers
14http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/09/travel/la-tr-money-20120109; Amazon.co.jp
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“Free” Services
in exchange for data
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https://www.respectnetwork.com/
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Digital Content
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https://bcimedia.com/mixing-content-your-most-effective-digital-content-plan/
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Protections for
new modes of Payment
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http://www.geomarketing.com/guide-to-the-different-kinds-of-mobile-payments
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ns.paypalpp
Source: alibabagroup.com
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Peer Platform Markets
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlwvz39m1zw-en
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Issues of peer platform markets
Main issues:
Responsibilities of the peer platforms?
Consumer peer provider’s services versus professional subjected to consumer protection law?
Need to adapt policy and regulatory frameworks?
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Peer platform
Peer consumer
Peer provider
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Product safety
https://www.accenture.com/t20150624T211456__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/Accenture/Conversion-
Assets/DotCom/Documents/Global/PDF/Technology_9/Accenture-Internet-Things.pdf; Amazon.co.jp
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Other key areas to protect
digital consumers
Strengthen consumer trust in digital markets:
enhance cross-border co-operation;
improve enforcement information sharing
study the emerging role of platforms
Foster greater consumer control over their personal data
Implement international standards for consumer protection (UN, OECD)
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