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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to understand the power relationship between

husbands and wives, including the factors and the transition during 1999-2003 within

the process of Taiwans democratization, especially the context of culture. Researcher

adopts family decision-making as an important index. Base on the resources theory,

the exchange theory and the theory of resources in culture context, the main

questions of this research are: 1. Does the proportion of family decision-making

change? 2. The situation that the more resources one has, the more power in making

decision one has would increase.

The results are as follows. The proportion of family decision-making does not

change significantly, however, the situation that one has more resources would have

more power in making decision does increase. Nevertheless, the research tells us

that some personal characteristics like ones ethnic group, do not have the same

result as research in past. How will Taiwans democratization influence these factors,

or change their nature in the process of decision-making? That could be a good

research direction in the future.

Key words: Taiwan, democratization, the power of husbands and wives, family

decision-making, resources differences

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2 RI-1999RI-2003 22

3 RI-1999RI-2003 23

4 RI-1999RI-2003 24

5 RI-1999RI-2003 25

6 RI-1999RI-2003 26

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8 RI-1999RI-2003 28

9 RI-1999RI-2003 29

10 RI-1999RI-2003 30

11 RI-1999RI-2003 31

12 RI-1999RI-2003 32

13 RI-1999RI-2003 34

14 RI-1999RI-2003 34

15 RI-1999RI-2003 35

16 RI-1999RI-2003 42

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2011 6 24

2008

1

1996

20

only game in townLinz1990158

Freedom House

1996 politic rights

civil liberties 2005-2006

1 1

Larry Diamond

1 2011 6 24

http://www.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/doc/docDetailCreate.jsp?coluid=98&kindid=2994&docid=101

743877
http://www.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/doc/docDetailCreate.jsp?coluid=98&kindid=2994&docid=101743877http://www.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/doc/docDetailCreate.jsp?coluid=98&kindid=2994&docid=101743877

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Diamond

Diamond

1999171-174

(family decision-making) David Easton

instrumental

affectiveeconomic

social

1999

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2008

RI-1999

RI-2000RI-2003RCI-2004RCI-2005

RCI-2007

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democracydemos

kratosrule by the peopleSorensen1993

16

Joseph A.

Schumpeter

Sorensen199310-12 Samuel P. Huntington

Huntington19915-13

Huntington Schumpeter

Larry Diamond electoral

democracyminimalistDiamond1996

21

ODonnell and Schmitter19868

Karl199622

Robert A. Dahl polyarchy

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Dahl19711-32(1)

(2)(3)(4)

(5)(6)(7)

Dahl1989221

201136

Sorensen Dahl

competitionparticipationliberties

Sorensen199313Diamond liberal democracy

Diamond199621

Alexis de Tocqueville

Bova

1997112-116

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Dahl

1-1 7-7

7-71-1

Sorensen200320-21 1

1

1-7 1-7

1-2.5

3-5.5

5.5-7

McColm, R. Bruce (1991). The Comparative Survey of Freedom: 1991. Freedom

Review, 22(1), 14.

1972

2

2

Sorensen200321-25

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Robert O. Blood and

Donald M. Wolfe 1960 Husband and Wives

2000

2005Chen and Yi2006

R. E. Cromwell and D. H. Olson1975

baseprocess

outcome

J. M. Steil1997

1989

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1989

115-116 Sarah F. Berk1985

Mirowsky1985

1991

1989

2000

final say

20052008

Blood and Wolfe1960

Richard Centers, Bertram H. Raven and Aroldo Rodrigues1971

Constantina Safilios-Rothschild1970

1989121
javascript:;

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Blood and Wolfe1960husband dominant

typewife dominant typeequalitarian of syncretic

typeautonomic type

1989

Eshleman1981

Blood and Wolfe1960

1987188

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feminism

Gender MainstreamingGM

stakeholders

200933-34

gender parity

1995 1996

2000

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2006

1.

1989

3

2.

1990

1996

2002

1993

20072002

3.

3 1995

1999 500 41

2000

http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/web/content?ID=1002412013/9/10
http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/web/content?ID=100241

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2002

20072007

2006

Olson and DeFrain2003213

Warner et al.1986Mirowsky

1985

4

1.

Blood and Wolfe

1960

1984

4 2005

48http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/48/48-45.htm
http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/48/48-45.htm

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1989

19972003 Hyman

Rodman 1967 1972

2.

the principle of least interestOlson and DeFrain2003

3.

rewardcost

Investment modelEquity

theoryOutcome-interdependence theory

Sprecher1998

rewardscosts Mirowsky1985

McDonald1980

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Whyte1995

Rodman1970

Wesley R. Burr1973

5

5 2008

http://www.npf.org.tw/post/1/86732013/8/22
http://www.npf.org.tw/post/1/8673

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1

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Panel Study of Family

Dynamics PSFD

(panel)

6

6

1998

() ()

Gary Becker (Chicago)Angus Deaton

(Princeton)Robert Hauser (Wisconsin) Cheng Hsiao (USC)Ronald Lee (Berkeley)William Parish

(Chicago) George Tiao (Chicago) James Vaupel (Max Plank) Arthur Wolf (Stanford)

1999

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https://psfd.sinica.edu.tw/plan_01.htm
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PSFD 1999

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1953~1964 999

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12.9% 33.7% 53.5% 17.5% 25.0% 57.5%

7 17 31 5 16 20

12.7% 30.9% 56.4% 12.2% 39.0% 48.8%

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3RI-1999RI-2003

13.3% 34.0% 52.7% 18.6% 24.6% 56.8%

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13.0% 36.4% 50.6% 12.8% 33.2% 54.0%

24 63 112 23 25 61

12.1% 31.7% 56.3% 21.1% 22.9% 56.0%

69 169 285 80 130 254

13.2% 32.3% 54.5% 17.2% 28.0% 54.7%

10 22 42 4 15 33

13.5% 29.7% 56.8% 7.7% 28.8% 63.5%

3 7 4 2 3 4

21.4% 50.0% 28.6% 22.2% 33.3% 44.4%

75 164 340 86 132 271

13.0% 28.3% 58.7% 17.6% 27.0% 55.4%

13 46 45 10 19 34

12.5% 44.2% 43.3% 15.9% 30.2% 54.0%

16 36 53 9 17 37

15.2% 34.3% 50.5% 14.3% 27.0% 58.7%

11 32 34 12 14 27

14.3% 41.6% 44.2% 22.6% 26.4% 50.9%

44 137 198 51 111 181

11.6% 36.1% 52.2% 14.9% 32.4% 52.8%

54 86 216 46 48 141

15.2% 24.2% 60.7% 19.6% 20.4% 60.0%

RI-1999 RI-2003

41 33 83 28 22 48

26.1% 21.0% 52.9% 28.6% 22.4% 49.0%

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18 28 56 19 24 46

17.6% 27.5% 54.9% 21.3% 27.0% 51.7%

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3 4 5 1 1 2

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4RI-1999RI-2003

25.0% 33.3% 41.7% 25.0% 25.0% 50.0%

32 36 129 9 2 11

16.2% 18.3% 65.5% 40.9% 9.1% 50.0%

80 111 260 88 91 237

17.7% 24.6% 57.6% 21.2% 21.9% 57.0%

29 40 84 49 70 126

19.0% 26.1% 54.9% 20.0% 28.6% 51.4%

40 44 113 28 21 69

20.3% 22.3% 57.4% 23.7% 17.8% 58.5%

91 118 318 110 125 268

17.3% 22.4% 60.3% 21.9% 24.9% 53.3%

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17.2% 21.0% 61.7% 20.7% 23.6% 55.7%

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16.4% 24.5% 59.1% 20.9% 26.5% 52.7%

76 69 217 55 49 150

21.0% 19.1% 59.9% 21.7% 19.3% 59.1%

RI-1999 RI-2003

28 15 112 24 14 57

18.1% 9.7% 72.3% 25.3% 14.7% 60.0%

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20 11 67 16 9 60

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5RI-1999RI-2003

20.4% 11.2% 68.4% 18.8% 10.6% 70.6%

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19.7% 9.7% 70.6% 21.1% 9.9% 69.0%

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19.6% 9.8% 70.6% 18.5% 13.9% 67.6%

33 22 143 23 8 77

16.7% 11.1% 72.2% 21.3% 7.4% 71.3%

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16 8 49 6 7 42

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73 21 259 52 23 165

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8.3% 24.8% 66.9% 8.4% 27.4% 64.2%

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59 182 14

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2 52 69

1.0% 11.6% 45.0%

196 448 153

13 8 1

6.7% 1.8% 0.6%

14 59 7

7.2% 13.4% 4.5%

0 19 22

0.0% 4.3% 14.3%

7 6 0

3.6% 1.3% 0.0%

7 23 2

3.6% 5.2% 1.3%

1 14 13

0.5% 3.1% 8.4%

80 32 1

41.4% 7.2% 0.6%

68 206 16

35.2% 46.9% 10.4%

Na


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38

3 72 91

1.5% 16.4% 20.1%

193 439 153

13 3 0

6.4% 0.6% 0.0%

10 21 3

4.9% 4.6% 1.9%

0 6 8

0.0% 1.3% 5.2%

23 11 0

11.3% 2.4% 0.0%

12 76 8

5.9% 16.8% 5.2%

1 28 23

0.4% 6.2% 15.1%

71 32 2

34.9% 7.1% 1.3%

70 202 16

34.4% 44.8% 10.5%

3 71 92

1.4% 15.7% 60.5%

203 450 152

18 6 1

8.9% 1.3% 0.6%

19 49 4

9.4% 10.9% 2.5%

0 14 17

0.0% 3.1% 6.6%

17 7 0

8.4% 1.5% 0.0%

8 38 5

3.9% 8.4% 3.2%

1 23 20

0.4% 5.1% 12.8%

71 32 1

35.1% 7.1% 0.6%

65 212 18

32.1% 47.2% 11.5%

Na


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39

3 68 90

1.4% 15.1% 57.6%

202 449 156

RI-2003

- - -

9 55 4

40.9% 14.5% 1.7%

0 14 25

0.0% 3.6% 11.1%

0 1 0

0.0% 0.2% 0.0%

3 70 14

13.6% 18.4% 6.2%

0 22 60

0.0% 5.8% 26.7%

0 4 0

0.0% 1.1% 0.0%

9 162 29

40.9% 42.7% 12.9%

1 51 92

4.5% 13.4% 41.1%

22 379 224

- - -

9 67 6

40.9% 16.2% 2.4%

0 19 43

0.0% 4.6% 17.6%

- - -

2 72 15

9.1% 17.4% 6.1%

0 19 53

0.0% 4.6% 21.8%

0 5 0

Na


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y

40

0.0% 1.2% 0.0%

10 173 31

45.4% 41.8% 12.7%

1 58 95

4.5% 14.0% 39.1%

22 413 243

- - -

8 66 6

40.0% 16.9% 2.5%

0 15 37

0.0% 3.8% 15.6%

- - -

0 32 7

0.0% 8.2% 2.9%

1 7 25

5.0% 1.7% 10.5%

0 4 0

0.0% 1.0% 0.0%

11 200 38

55.0% 51.2% 16.1%

0 66 123

0.0% 16.9% 52.1%

20 390 236

- - -

7 36 0

31.8% 8.5% 0.0%

0 9 11

0.0% 2.1% 4.9%

- - -

3 79 13

13.6% 18.8% 5.8%

0 16 39

0.0% 3.8% 17.5%

0 5 0

Na


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41

0.0% 1.1% 0.0%

11 208 36

50.0% 49.5% 16.2%

1 67 123

4.5% 15.9% 50.9%

22 420 222

- - -

8 52 4

33.3% 12.6% 1.7%

1 17 29

4.1% 4.1% 12.4%

- - -

1 39 7

4.1% 9.4% 3.0%

0 10 29

0.0% 2.4% 12.4%

0 5 0

0.0% 1.2% 0.0%

14 221 37

58.3% 53.6% 15.8%

0 68 127

0.0% 16.5% 54.5%

24 412 233

RI-1999RI-2003

RI-1999 20.4% RI-2003 0.7%

RI-1999 24.5% RI-1999 3.3%

RI-1999 50.8% RI-2003 57.6% RI-1999

54.6% RI-2003 61.9%

RI-1999 28.3% RI-2003 41.0% RI-1999 18.8%

RI-2003 34.6%

Na


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y

42

Michielutte1972

in school

Eckland1968

Haller1981

RI-1999 33.7%

RI-2003 25.4% RI-1999 66.2%

RI-2003 74.5% RI-1999 RI-2003

RI-1999 13.2%

RI-2003 0.0% RI-1999 37.3%

RI-2003 47.3% RI-1999 15.7% RI-2003

27.2%

RI-1999 RI-2003

RI-2003

RI-1999 71

RI-2003

Na


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43

RI-1999RI-2003

RI-2003

RI-1999

16-18

16RI-1999RI-2003

RI-1999 RI-2003

77 58

9.1% 8.1%

392 386

46.6% 53.7%

368 275

43.7% 38.2%

17RI-1999RI-2003

RI-1999

32 179 161

3.8% 21.4% 19.2%

45 213 207

5.4% 25.4% 24.7%

RI-2003

Na


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y

44

29 176 157

4.0% 24.5% 21.8%

29 210 118

4.0% 29.2% 16.4%

18RI-1999RI-2003

RI-1999

5 26 25

6.4% 6.9% 7.0%

6 18 29

7.8% 4.7% 8.1%

13 56 36

16.9% 14.8% 10.1%

19 81 50

24.7% 21.4% 14.0%

14 88 93

18.2% 23.2% 26.1%

20 110 123

26.0% 29.0% 34.6%

77 379 356

7 33 38

9.5% 8.7% 10.4%

4 29 38

5.4% 7.6% 10.4%

13 39 27

17.8% 10.2% 7.4%

13 54 42

17.8% 14.2% 11.6%

11 100 93

15.0% 26.3% 25.6%

25 124 124

34.2% 32.7% 34.2%

73 379 362

9 34 36

12% 9.1% 10.1%

7 27 37

Na


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45

9.3% 7.2% 10.4%

7 21 8

9.3% 5.6% 2.2%

5 18 13

6.6% 4.8% 3.6%

15 113 107

20.0% 30.2% 30.3%

32 161 152

42.6% 46.0% 43.1%

75 374 353

3 9 19

4.1% 23.5% 5.1%

4 21 15

5.4% 5.4% 4.1%

11 46 31

14.8% 12.0% 8.4%

10 50 35

13.5% 13.1% 9.5%

15 119 110

20.2% 31.1% 30.1%

31 137 156

41.8% 35.8% 42.6%

74 382 366

7 35 28

9.1% 9.1% 7.7%

6 28 33

7.7% 7.2% 9.1%

8 31 16

10.3% 8.1% 4.4%

5 33 24

6.4% 8.5% 6.6%

17 107 114

22.1% 27.7% 31.4%

34 151 147

44.1% 39.2% 40.6%

77 385 362

RI-2003

Na


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y

46

9 32 30

16.9% 9.3% 12.7%

3 19 16

5.6% 5.5% 6.8%

5 46 25

9.4% 13.4% 10.6%

9 65 23

16.9% 18.9% 9.7%

12 74 70

22.6% 21.5% 29.7%

15 107 71

28.3% 31.1% 30.2%

53 343 235

10 51 38

17.8% 13.6% 14.9%

4 27 17

7.1% 7.2% 6.6%

8 37 28

14.2% 9.8% 11.0%

7 62 21

12.5% 16.5% 8.2%

9 81 74

16.1% 21.6% 29.1%

18 116 76

32.1% 31.0% 29.9%

56 374 254

10 43 30

17.5% 12.1% 12.5%

5 25 22

8.7% 7.0% 9.1%

5 18 15

8.7% 5.1% 6.2%

3 24 8

5.2% 6.7% 3.3%

13 98 88

22.8% 27.6% 36.6%

21 147 77

36.8% 41.4% 32.1%

Na


nive

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y

47

57 355 240

9 19 20

17.3% 5.2% 7.8%

0 8 7

0.0% 2.2% 2.7%

5 42 25

9.6% 11.6% 9.7%

9 50 20

17.3% 13.8% 7.8%

13 100 100

25.0% 27.7% 39.1%

16 142 84

30.7% 39.3% 32.8%

52 361 256

6 36 29

10.5% 9.9% 11.2%

3 23 16

5.2% 6.3% 6.2%

6 20 18

10.5% 5.5% 7.0%

5 25 13

8.7% 6.9% 5.0%

16 104 97

28.1% 28.8% 37.7%

21 153 84

36.8% 42.3% 32.6%

57 361 257

RI-1999 RI-2003

RI-1999 9.1% RI-2003 8.1%

RI-1999 43.7% RI-2003

38.2% RI-1999 46.6% RI-2003 53.7%

RI-1999 RI-2003

RI-1999 3.8% 5.4% RI-2003 4.0%

Na


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y

48

4.0% RI-1999 19.2% 24.7% RI-2003

21.8% 16.4% RI-1999 21.4% 25.4%

RI-2003 24.5% 29.2%

RI-2003 RI-1999

Na


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y

49

1999

Monshipouri199512

Mainwairing1992298

O`Donnell and Schmitter19869

Hsiao199271

O`Donnell and Schmitter198610

1950

1950

1968

1986

1994192-219

1987

201143

1996

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y

50

RI-1999 RI-2003

PSFD

1996

1996 PSFD

1998 1999

8

1996

PSFD RI-1999 RI-2003

PSFD

PSFD

8 PSFD https://psfd.sinica.edu.tw/check.htm
https://psfd.sinica.edu.tw/check.htm

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y

51

9

1989144

1990179-180

200516

9

20009

Na


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rsi t

y

52

RI-2003 RI-1999

1994

1999 RI-1999RI-2003

RI-1999

41 RI-2003 30

1996

1-2

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nive

rsi t

y

53

Georg Sorensen 2003

2005

9 59-117

2006

19 2

255-280

1989

115-151

2005

1041-94

2011

2000

2459-88

1990

2009

4532-38

Na


nive

rsi t

y

54

1999

11 4 475-528

2006

2007

34109-143

1994

1999

4131-173

1991

1994

1997

2003

200714735-40

2000

241-58

1993

4985-98

Na


nive

rsi t

y

55

2008

1984

1987

2004

7 47-88

20028921-29

20071475-34

2005

2008

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1992-93 3 3

1993-94 4 4

1994-96 3 3

Na


nive

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y

61

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2000-02 1 2

2002-04 2 2

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2006-07 2 1

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