Download - Of what is the Universe made?
![Page 1: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Of what is the Universe made?
![Page 2: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Insert new hubble photos to start the inquiry
![Page 3: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Universe is Made of
Matter Energy Nothingness -vacuum
Other
Matter and Energy are really the same thing!
E=MC2
![Page 4: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In this Hubble Photograph, you can see the matter and evidence of energy. What you also see, or
think you see, is large amounts of nothingness. The vacuum of space. But what about “the
other?”
![Page 5: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sadly, in fifth grade we only Study Matter and
Energy. We must ignore “other” until college.
Let us start with Matter.
![Page 6: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MatterWhat is it?
Why is it important?
MatterWhat is it?
Why is it important?
![Page 7: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The official definition of matter?
Definition: anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume.)
Synonyms of “Matter” : material, stuff, substance
![Page 8: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
So most of the things around us are matter
![Page 9: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Can you think of other things that
are matter?
![Page 10: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What are some things that are not matter?
![Page 11: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Let’s review today's discussion
![Page 12: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Of what is Matter made?
![Page 13: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Atoms
![Page 14: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Matter is made of small particles called
ATOMS
![Page 15: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Atoms are so small they can not be seen even with powerful
microscopes
![Page 16: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A grain of salt is made of about 12,000,000,000,000,000,000
atoms
![Page 17: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Atoms were first named by an ancient Greek
philosopher named Democritus
![Page 18: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
He called it an “a tom” because in Greek it means “that which can’t be
cut.”We still call this smallest piece an ATOM
But he thought of the atom as a kind
of marble – a smooth round ball
of whatever.
![Page 19: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Close, But No Cigar
He wasn’t completely w wrong, he was partly
wrong!
![Page 20: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Atoms have two basic parts
•A nucleus or center and
•electron shells
![Page 21: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
N
NN
N
The nucleus may be small or large
P
PP
P
PPP
PP
P
P
P NN
N N
N NN
N
Nuclei are made of small particles
called Protons and Neutrons
N
![Page 22: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The electron shells are in an area around the nucleus
You can think of it as an orbit.
Electron shells.
Nucleus
![Page 23: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
So, unlike Democritus, we now know that atoms can be cut into smaller and
smaller pieces themselves
• The parts of ATOMS are • The PROTON, which has a positive electrical
charge• The ELECTRON, which has a negative charge • And the NEUTRON which has no charge.
![Page 24: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Neutron (s) and Proton(s) make up the NUCLEUS or center of the atom
![Page 25: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The electrons “orbit the nucleus” of the atom
![Page 26: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Here is where Democritus was right. Once you cut the atom
of something
it is no longer the thing you started with.
If you started with Gold, once you break the Gold atom
it is no longer Gold!
![Page 27: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Atoms look something like this
They have a Nucleus (center)
And little things that “orbit” the nucleus are the electrons
![Page 28: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Properties of Matter
A property is like a characteristic
~~something that describes
something else
![Page 29: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
When we talk about Matter
There are three really important properties
two important properties and
a bunch that are not as important, but still useful in classifying and
identifying matter.
![Page 30: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Really Important Properties
1. Volume– How Much Space It Takes up
2. Mass– How Much Stuff Is in the Thing
![Page 31: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Big Volume Big Mass
![Page 32: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Really Important Property 3 state or phase of matter at room temp.
State or phase of matter refers to:
• Solid • Liquid • Gas
Gold is solid at room 68°f.
Gold is melts at 1948°fGold boils at 5085°f
![Page 33: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The key question is:
Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Every type of matter will be one of these three at room temperature approximately 68°f
![Page 34: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Important Property 3 – state or phase
State or phase of matter refers to:
• Solid • Liquid • Gas
I would like to find gaseous gold but couldn’t. I am not sure anyone would want gaseous gold. But it boils at 5085°f. At that temperature and correct pressure gold can become a gas.
![Page 35: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The key question is:
Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Every type of matter will be one of these three at room temperature approximately 68°f
![Page 36: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mass and Volume control two other important properties of matter
Weight & Density
![Page 37: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ImportantWeight –
The Pull of Gravity on the Object
Density – How Much Mass The Thing Has PER UNIT VOLUME
![Page 38: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Weight is the measure of how much the force of gravity pulls down on an object.
![Page 39: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Example
Bobgoes to the moon
![Page 40: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Earth
Moon – 1/6 earth
Weight = 120kg Weight = 20kg
The gravitational pull of earth is defined as 1G. The moon, being 1/6th the mass of earth has only 1/6G of pull.
1G 1/6G
![Page 41: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Earth Moon
Mass = 120kg
120kg
1G on Each side of Balance
Mass = 120kg
120kg
1/6G on Each side of Balance
Earth pulls down at 1G so on the scale you get Weight = 120kg
Moon pulls down at 1/6G so on a scale you get Weight = 20kg
The BALANCE is different. Lets see why.
![Page 42: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
DENSITYHow much stuff can you fit in a small space
![Page 43: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Not much stuff packed into can
A lot of stuff packed into can
Not Dense Dense
![Page 44: Of what is the Universe made?](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103006/56812b77550346895d8f963f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Other Physical Properties of Matter
• Color• Smell• Taste• Texture• Flexibility• Malleability• Conductivity
• Reflectance• Ductility• Viscosity (if a liquid)• Boiling point• Freezing Point• Phase at Room
Temperature