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Oklahoma:Oklahoma: Land of ContrastsLand of Contrasts
Chapter 4:Chapter 4:
European Quest for New LandEuropean Quest for New Land
Study PresentationStudy Presentation
©2006 Clairmont Press
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Chapter 4:Chapter 4:European Quest for New LandEuropean Quest for New Land
Section 1: Early European ExplorersSection 1: Early European ExplorersSection 2: European-Indian ContactSection 2: European-Indian Contact
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Section 1: Early European Section 1: Early European ExplorersExplorers
What words do I need to know? 1. middlemen2. expedition3. cartographer4. Northwest Passage5. isthmus
6. conquistador 7. skirmish 8. missionary 9. colony10. alliance
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PREVIEW• Check out the headings and
subheadings• Examine the pictures and read the
captions
Section 1: Early European Section 1: Early European ExplorersExplorers
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• Scandinavian Vikings were possibly the first Europeans to visit the Americas
• Leif Ericsson set foot in what became North America in 1001 A.D.
• Established a settlement called Vinland (in eastern Canada)
• Vikings may have been in eastern Oklahoma in 1012 A.D.
Section 1: Early European Section 1: Early European ExplorersExplorers
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Section 1: Early European Section 1: Early European ExplorersExplorers
• The Search for New Trade Routes– Christopher Columbus– Other Early Explorers
• Spain in the New World– Francisco Vásquez de Coronado– Juan de Padilla– Hernando de Soto– Juan de Oñate – France in the New World– La Salle– La Harpe– Other French Explorers
• England in the New World
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• 1400s: European countries seeking new trade routes to the Orient after centuries
• Treasured Oriental silk, perfumes, drugs, gold, jewels, dyes, teas, & spices (pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves)
• Shorter route to Far East: eventually landed on the South & North American continents
The Search for New Trade RoutesThe Search for New Trade Routes
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• Italian sea captain• Believed best route to the Far East lay
to the west• Estimated distance from Portugal to
Japan less than 3,000 miles• August 3, 1492: set sail (headed West)
from Palos on the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria
• October 12, 1492: landed on an island near San Salvador
• Made four voyages to the New World
Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus
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• 1497: John Cabot landed in Newfoundland
• First European given credit for reaching the North American mainland
• Vasco da Gama: discovered sea route to India around Africa
• Magellan: responsible for the 1st expedition to circle the globe
Other Early ExplorersOther Early Explorers
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• Ponce de Leon (1513): landed in what is now Florida
• Balboa: crossed the Isthmus of Panama to reach the Pacific Ocean
• Cortés (1519): landed in present-day Mexico & (1521) conquered Aztecs
• Nárvaez (1527): unsuccessful expedition to the Cape of Florida – led to his death
Spain in the New WorldSpain in the New World
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• “Seven Cities of Cibola”: false reports of houses of gold & turquoise enticed Mendoza
• Coronado (appointed by Mendoza): led expedition (1000 men, 1500 horses & mules, and numbers of cattle & sheep)
• Financial disaster – yet territory claimed for Spanish empire
• Coronado & troops: followed a route through Oklahoma Panhandle
Francisco VFrancisco Vásquez de Coronadoásquez de Coronado
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• An ordained priest with Coronado expedition
• Did missionary efforts among the Indians
• He and his group warmly received at Quivira
• Padilla eventually ambushed – killed by Kaw Indians
• Padilla’s helpers vowed to carry a wooden cross across Oklahoma to the Gulf Coast (do Campo route)
Juan de PadillaJuan de Padilla
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• Led 1539 expedition: 700 men, over 200 horses, dogs, and equipment
• Explored Florida & other areas in the Southeast
• 1542: wintered on the Arkansas River (died same year)
• Added to Spain’s land claims north of Mexico
• Brought diseases to Indians
Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto
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• 1595: charged with settling New Mexico – mainly to spread Catholicism
• 1598: established San Juan de lost Cabelleros (first Spanish settlement in Nuevo Mexico)
• 1601: more legends of gold brought Oñate to Oklahoma
• Helped open the door to the multitude of changes to come
Juan de OñateJuan de Oñate
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• French: looking for furs & trade• Bartered for food, furs, and more• Founded Quebec• Did not try to conquer Indians• Treated Indians with more respect• Did seek fabled route through the
continent• 1673: Jolliet & Marquette –
expedition down Mississippi River
France in the New WorldFrance in the New World
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• Desired to set up trading posts down the Mississippi River
• Claimed land drained by Mississippi River for King Louis XIV of France
• Murdered by frightened & frustrated colonists
• His claim led to the first French colony – eventual exploration of Oklahoma
La SalleLa Salle
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• Jean Baptiste Bernard de la Harpe – established a trading post along the Red River
• Explored much of eastern Oklahoma• Was impressed with the Indian
nations and their lifestyle• Also impressed with the land• Established trading partners with the
Indians & beginning of French trade
La HarpeLa Harpe
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• French: placed importance on Oklahoma
• Mid-1700s: French explorers – Pierre-Antoine & Paul Mallet and Andre Fabre de la Bruyere
• Early French influence evident in names of rivers, geographical features, and communities in eastern Oklahoma & surnames found in Oklahoma families
Other French ExplorersOther French Explorers
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• John Cabot (1497): provided England’s claim to North America
• 1588: Spanish Armada’s defeat by England further ensured English dominance of New World
• Unsuccessful attempts to find fabled Northwest Passage
• By end of 1600s twelve English colonies along Atlantic Coast
• Indian life affected by Europeans
England in the New WorldEngland in the New World
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Section 2: European-Indian Section 2: European-Indian ContactContact
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
– What were the effects on Indians of contact with Europeans?
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Section 2: European-Indian Section 2: European-Indian ContactContact
What words do I need to know? 1. economy2. calumet3. immunity
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PREVIEW• Check out the headings and
subheadings• Examine the pictures and read
the captions
Section 2: Section 2: European-Indian ContactEuropean-Indian Contact
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Horse SenseHorse Sense
• Horses: an immediate & significant impact on Indian life
• Called “magic dogs” & “wonder dogs”
• Updated the Indians & allowed more permanent villages
• Extended the range of Indian life and adventure
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PlantsPlants
• Included maize (corn), beans, potatoes, squash, pumpkins, cacao, tomatoes, bell peppers, peanuts, passion fruit, sunflowers, & almost 50 varieties of berries
• Indians, for thousands of years, grew, chewed, and smoked tobacco – it became a major export to Europe
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DiseaseDisease
• Europeans: brought diseases to Indians
• In Mexico: as many as 9 million out of 10 million may have died from diseases and/or battle
• Smallpox: deadliest to all Indians
• Immunity too late to rebuild Indian population prior to being conquered
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