Download - Oladapo Olukoya Oduntan Ph.d
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CONFLICT, POWER AND MULTIPLE LAND USE ANALYSIS OF OLD OYO NATIONAL PARK
Oladapo Olukoya Oduntan Ph.dDepartment of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementCollege of Environmental Resources Management
Federal University of Agriculture, AbeokutaNigeria
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Introduction National parks serve as cornerstone of conservation policies and provide multiple benefits for humankind
- Environmental- Social- Economic- etc (Balmford & Whitten 2003; Stolton et al. 2006, Stolton et al. 2008).
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Competing claims”: a variety of perspectives bringing about Conflicts
Power: a variety of meanings can also identified
….‘negative’- some having control over others, the same
as domination
or something ‘positive’, as necessary for agency and
productive action?
….something ‘held’ by actors (powerful and powerless)
or something that pervades life, in all relationships and
discourses?….’zero-sum’ (always with
winners and losers)or something fluid and
accumulative?
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The Problems • Whilst these areas
provide important multiple benefit at global, national and local levels; there is increasing concern about the conflict often involving National Park Resources and their neighboring Communities.
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Picturing the Conflict• Over-exploitation of Park’s resources by neighboring
communities.• Crop damages and other damages caused by Wildlife in
neighboring communities.• Feelings that costs are mostly incurred by the local people
- Positively and Negatively
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More people…
01
23
456
78
910
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year
Popu
latio
n (b
illio
n pe
ople)
Europe Northern AmericaOceania Latin America and the CaribbeanAfrica Asia
mid range projections as carried out by the UN population division
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Objectives1. To evaluate the multiple benefits
characteristics of Old Oyo National Park to its Neighboring communities.
2. To analyse conflict involved in the claims on resources by the various stakeholder.
3. To analyse the powers of the stakeholders and the effect on resources management
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Methodology
• Study Area
Map of Old Oyo National Park indicating Surrounding Communities
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SURVEY METHODS
• 2 Communities sampled out of 5• - based on conflict prevalence in the study
areas• - distribution and abundance of Wild animals
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Data CollectionCategories of respondents/Stakeholders
Objective(s) focused
Instrument(s) Used Sampling Procedure & Size
Household heads (HHs)
1,2 and 3 Open-Ended Questionnaire & In-depth Interview
All HHs ()Snowballing (Non-probability)
National Park Officials
2 and 3 In-depth Interview Representatives
Conservation Organization/NGO officials
2 and 3 In-depth Interview Representatives
Government Agencies Officials
2 and 3 In-depth Interview Representatives
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Data Analysis
Objectives Focus Tool(s) Used
1 Multiple benefit rating Mantel (1965)
2 Conflict Analysis Competing Claims Analysis Matrix
3 Powers Analysis & Effect Picture Interpretation
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Results
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Evaluation of Multiple Benefits Derived from the Park by Villagers
Benefits (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Grades
1 3 0 0 1 3 3 12 2 0 2 3 3 4 13 0 0 1 1 2 0 04 1 4 2 22 35 42 55 21 23 27 37 21 14 276 37 37 32 0 0 1 30Sum of value2
10440 10923 9816 8803 7144 8083 9148
• Benefits Interpretation(1) – Firewood collection (2) - Food(3) - Medicinal value(4) - Recreation(5) - Timber(6) - Bushmeat(7) - Water
• Grades Interpretation6 – Indispensable5 – Very Important 4 – Important3 – More Significant2 – Significant1 - Insignificant
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Competing Claims Analysis Matrix
Stake holders
What do they claim? What are the interests
behind the claim?
(what do they want to
get out of it)
Current benefits? Current costs?
Villagers Wild Animal Damages Compensation None Food Insecurity /
Poverty
Conservation
Organization / NGO
Wildlife Population
Decline / Habitat
Destruction
Conservation of
Biodiversity
International support Loss of Biodiversity
OONP Management Intolerable Killing of
Wild Animals by Locals
Free range and access to
land for Wildlife
Weak Legislative
Support
Decline in Wild animal
Population / Habitat
destruction
Government Officials Need for Food
Security / Poverty
Alleviation
Local Support /
Personal Interest
Vote / Local Acceptance -
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Local Council Officials
Stakeholders and their Power Analysis
Old Oyo National Park Buffer zones
Villagers
Wild animals
Park Officials
CO / NGOs
Stakeholder’s Power
Stakeholder
Park Resources
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Conclusion
• Land is the dominant benefit of the people in the study area
• Conflicting interest Park management and Local government council impedes strong policies that will protect wildlife in the study area.
• Powers / interest of the Local government councils opposes that of the Park guards / managers
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Consideration Possible Solution
• Relocation??? - A lesson from the “De hoge veluwe”
• Compensation???• Sustained Reconciliation of Interest
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Acknowledgement• Abogoh Oluwaseun – Graduate student• Adebowale Kareem – Graduate Student• Cora van Oosten – CDI, Netherlands• Nico Rozemeijer – CDI, Netherlands
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Questions
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta