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OLMEC CIVILIZATION - MESOAMERICAtime frame: ca. 1250-1000 bc (about 3,000 years ago)
largest settlement: San Lorenzo, Veracruz, Mexico
The site: about 1,200 acres in size, population of approx. 10,000
The environment: tropical lowlands, swampy, lush vegetation—jungle
features: - large stone monuments- no pyramids, but terrace architecture - a distinct art style in monuments andportable artifacts...ritual practices
- complex multi-tiered settlement system
debate/issues: Was this the fist state level society in the Americas?What effect did it have on the rise of civilization elsewhere in Mesoamerica?
spread of Olmec style (diffusion) and the “mother vs. sister culture” debate...Olmec colonies????
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volcanic stone
San Lorenzo
Canton Corralito
the Olmec culture “heartland” (outlined in dark red)
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San Lorenzo acropolis(site center) showing monument locations andknown elite architecture
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colossal stone head at time of discovery, San Lorenzo
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colossal stone heads from San Lorenzo
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colossal stone heads from San Lorenzo
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colossal stone altar or throne showing a man emerging from a cave or mouth of monster
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life-size portrait monuments, El Azuzul, San Lorenzo
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moving multi-ton stone monuments by water
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palace area, showing pillars and stone drain system covered stone drain system
SAN LORENZO SITE
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Olmec style carved ceramic vessels
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Olmec style ceramic figurinesrepresenting adults
(about 8-10 inches in height)
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Olmec style ceramic figurinerepresenting baby
(about 12 inches in length)
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El Manati
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carved wooden bustsfound in natural springnear San Lorenzo
approx. ht. approx. 2 feet
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OLMEC COLONIES? Canton CorralitoResearch Question: Did the Olmec establish a colony at Canton Corralito,
Chiapas, some 400 miles away from the heartland?
To address this: - excavate the site extensively. - obtain a large sample of pottery and other objects and closely compare them to like objects from San Lorenzo
- “technical style” comparison, rote practices, religious imagery, ethnicity...
the results are conclusive...massive importation...exact forms, technical attributes....BINGO, a colony, and the first such animal identified in the Americas
Implications: - San Lorenzo was a state...why? - spread of style ties to San Lorenzo Olmec- finding support aspects of “mother culture” perspective
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Canton Corralito, under excavation
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now that’s a trench!
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test pits...for sampling and chronology, remember??
confused Canadian
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horizontal excavation...for exposing features, right??
large “midden”garbage dump
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same pit, excavating by arbitrary 10 cm levels/layers...
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same pit, wall profile showing a midden outlined with a trowel
Confused American (see...you’re not alone)
trash deposit
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same pit, showing upside-down ceramic vessel feature
Canadian, looking agitated (but most likely just hot and rancid)
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sacrificed juvenile (about 12 yrs old) with jade axes
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in case that last picture wasn’t enough for you...
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cemetery!
this caused someproblems...
woman
man
teenager
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man (in front) and teenager from a different angle...
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the woman, showing mirror on stomach area...
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the mirror, showing my mug...
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yes, sometimes archaeology is like the movies...
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look like a drug lord to you?
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San Lorenzo Cantón Corralito
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San Lorenzo (27%) Canton Corralito (34%)
BALD
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The Maya...