Download - OM Proddesign
![Page 1: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 1/69
Product Design & ProcessSelection
Operations
ManagementProf Dr Pir Roshan S Rashdi
1
![Page 2: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 2/69
2
Product Design & Process
Selection Product design is the process of deciding
on the unique characteristics andfeatures of a company’s product
Process selection is the development ofthe process necessary to produce theproduct being designed.
Product design and process selectiondecisions are lined
!oth a"ects Product cost #uality
$ustomer satisfaction
![Page 3: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 3/69
Product/Service DesignProcess
% process that denes the
Appearance and features,
Quality characteristics, Spec limits and target levels
Inputs (laor, capital, materials!
"ransformation process
Supply chain # suppliers, channels of
distriution
of a product'service that a company is
planning to produce. (
![Page 4: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 4/69
Product Design and Process
Selection
)
![Page 5: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 5/69
*
Product Design & Process
Selection + denedProduct design , the process of dening all of the companies
product characteristics
Product design must support product manufacturability
-the ease ith hich a product can be made/ Product design denes a product’s characteristics of0
appearancematerials
dimensions
tolerances andperformance
standards.
Process Selection , the development of the processnecessary to produce the designed product.
![Page 6: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 6/69
$ompanies 3aving $ompetitive
%dvantage 4hrough 4heir Products 5rgani6ations provide goods and services for
the society. 7reat products are ey to thesuccess. 4hey provide competitive advantage.
3onda0 engine technology
8icrosoft0 P$ softare
9ntel0 8icroprocessors
8ichelin0 4ires Dell $omputer0 $ustomi6ed hardare and
softare and Dell does this very fast.
:
![Page 7: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 7/69
Some ;ell <non $ompanies 3aving$ompetitive %dvantage 4hrough 4heirProducts
4oyota’s competitive advantage is rapidresponse to changing customer demand. 4heirshorter design time -less than 2 years hich isbelo the industry standard/ gives them acompetitive advantage.
3ospitals speciali6e to gain competitiveadvantage
+ children hospitals
+ heart disease
=
![Page 8: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 8/69
Product >ife $yclesProduct >ife $ycles
May e any length from a fe$May e any length from a fe$hourshours ((a ne$spapera ne$spaper!,!, monthsmonths((cell phonescell phones!, years!, years
((furnituresfurnitures!,!, to decadesto decades ((%olgs$agen &eetle%olgs$agen &eetle!!
A product's life is divided intoA product's life is divided intofour phases)* Introduction, +*four phases)* Introduction, +*
ro$th, -* Maturity, .* Declinero$th, -* Maturity, .* Decline
"he follo$ing gure sho$s"he follo$ing gure sho$sho$ these four stages areho$ these four stages arelin0ed to product sales, cashlin0ed to product sales, cash1o$ and cost*1o$ and cost* ?
![Page 9: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 9/69
Product >ife $ycles
2egativecash 1o$
Introductionro$th Maturity Decline
S a l e s , c o s t , a
n d c a s h 1 o $
3ost of development and production
3ash1o$
2et revenue (prot!
Sales revenue
4oss
@
![Page 10: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 10/69
Product >ife $ycle
Introductory PhaseIntroductory Phase
5ine tuning may $arrantunusual e6penses for
)* 7esearch
+* Product development-* Process modication and
enhancement
.* Supplier development1A
![Page 11: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 11/69
Product >ife $ycle
ro$th Phasero$th Phase
Product design egins tostaili8e
9:ective forecasting ofcapacity ecomes
necessary
Adding or enhancingcapacity may e
necessary 11
![Page 12: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 12/69
Product >ife $ycle
Maturity PhaseMaturity Phase
3ompetitors no$
estalished
;igh volume, innovativeproduction may e
needed Improved cost control is
re<uired
12
![Page 13: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 13/69
Product >ife $ycle
Decline PhaseDecline Phase
=nless product ma0es aspecial contriution tothe organi8ation, mustplan to terminate
o:ering
1(
![Page 14: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 14/69
1)
4he Product Design Process
Step 1 + 9dea Development +Someone thins of a need and a product'service
design to satisfy it0 customers maretingengineering competitors benchmaringreverse engineering
Reverse engineering0 the process ofdisassembling a product to analy6e its designfeatures
![Page 15: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 15/69
1*
4he Product Design ProcessStep 1 + 9dea Development + Someone thins of a need and a
product'service design to satisfy it0 customers mareting
engineering competitors benchmaring reverseengineering
Step 2 + Product Screening + Bvery business needs a
formal'structured evaluation process0 t ith facility andlabor sills si6e of maret contribution margin brea+evenanalysis return on sales
Step ( , Preliminary Design and 4esting + 4echnical
specications are developed prototypes built testing starts
Step ) , Cinal Design + Cinal design based on test resultsfacility equipment material & labor sills denedsuppliers identied
![Page 16: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 16/69
Product design Product design is the process of
deciding on the unique characteristicsand features of a company’s product
4he method by hich ne productsevolve from conceptuali6ation throughengineering to manufacturing and
mareting. Steps in product include idea
generation product screeningpreliminary design and testing and naldesign
1:
![Page 17: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 17/69
Scope ofproduct
developme
nt team
Product DevelopmentSystem
Scope fordesign
andengineerin
g teams
9valuation
Introduction
"est Mar0et
5unctional Specications
Design 7evie$
Product Specications
3ustomer 7e<uirements
Aility
Ideas
1=
![Page 18: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 18/69
1?
4he Product DesignProcess
9dea development0 all productsbegin ith an idea hether from0 customers competitors or suppliers
![Page 19: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 19/69
9dea 7eneration
IdeasCompetitor based
Supply chain based
Research based
1@
![Page 20: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 20/69
Reverse Bngineering
Reverse engineering is thedismantling and inspectingof a competitor’s product todiscover productimprovements*
2A
![Page 21: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 21/69
Research & Development -R&D/
5rgani6ed e"orts to increase
scientic noledge or productinnovation & may involve0 Basic Research advances noledge
about a subect ithout near+term
eEpectations of commercialapplications.
Applied Research achieves commercialapplications.
Development converts results of 21
![Page 22: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 22/69
22
Product Design Process
9dea developments selection a"ects
Product quality
Product cost
$ustomer satisfaction
5verall manufacturaility , the ease
ith hich the product can be made
![Page 23: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 23/69
8anufacturability 8anufacturability is the ease of
farication and/or assemly$hich is important for
$ost
Productivity #uality
2(
![Page 24: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 24/69
2)
Design for 8anufacturing-DC8/
uidelines to produce a product
easily and protaly
Simplication > Minimi8e parts
Standardi8ation
Design parts for multiply
applications
=se modular design
Simplify operations
![Page 25: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 25/69
Design $hange to Reducethe Fumber of Parts in a !racet
2*
![Page 26: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 26/69
$oncurrent Bngineering
Concurrent engineering is the ringing togetherof engineering design and
manufacturing personnelearly in the design phase*
2:
![Page 27: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 27/69
2=
$oncurrent Bngineering
Old ?over>the>$all@ se<uential products
design process
Bach function did its or and passed it tothe neEt function
Improved 3oncurrent 9ngineering process
%ll functions form a design team thatdevelops specications involves customers
early solves potential problems reduces
costs & shortens time to maret
![Page 28: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 28/69
2?
![Page 29: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 29/69
2@
Over the Wall Approach
Desig
nMf
g
New
Product
![Page 30: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 30/69
Story of Tree Swing:
What marketing suggested Add unnecessary value and complexity
Fail to consult engineers
1,(A
![Page 31: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 31/69
Story of Tree Swing: What management approved
Cost conscious , Detached from customers
1,(1
![Page 32: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 32/69
Story of Tree Swing: As designed by Engineering
Technical interpretation rather than practicalStops after ‘can we build it
1,(2
![Page 33: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 33/69
What was manufactured
You will get what you have been givenDetached from users, specifier & designers
1,((
Story of Tree Swing:
![Page 34: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 34/69
Story of Tree Swing: As maintenance installed it
Necessity is mother of inventionEnjoy quick fix, sticky tapes
1,()
![Page 35: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 35/69
Story of Tree Swing: What the customer wanted
If only we had listened, understood, andchecked with them once in a while
1,(*
![Page 36: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 36/69
(:
>ife $ycles of Products
Time
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Saturation
Decline
D e
m a n d
Flash memory
Compact discs
cassettes
Design
for low
volume
![Page 37: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 37/69
(=
!rea+Bven %nalysis
!rea+even analysis is a tool used to computethe amount of goods that have to be sold ustto cover costs.
!rea+even analysis considers to functions of# 4otal cost , sum of Eed and variable cost
4otal cost G C H -I$/J# Revenue , amount of money brought in from sales
Revenue G -SP/ J #
# G number of units sold
![Page 38: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 38/69
(?
!rea+Bven %nalysis0 7raphical%pproach
![Page 39: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 39/69
(@
Process Selection
Product design considerations must includethe process
9ntermittent processes0 Processes used to produce a variety of
products ith di"erent processingrequirements in loer volumes. -such ashealthcare facility/
Repetitive processes0 Processes used to produce one or a fe
standardi6ed products in high volume. -suchas a cafeteria or car ash/
![Page 40: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 40/69
)A
Product+Process 7rid
![Page 41: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 41/69
)1
Process 4ypes
Process types can be0 Proect process , mae a one+at+a+time
product eEactly to customer specications !atch process , small quantities of product
in groups or batches based on customerorders or specications
>ine process , large quantities of a standardproduct
$ontinuous process , very high volumes of afully standard product
Process types eEist on a continuum
![Page 42: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 42/69
)2
9ntermittent IS. Repetitive
Cacility >ayouts
![Page 43: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 43/69
)(
Process Selection$onsiderations
Process selection is ased onve principal considerations
1. Product+Process 7rid2. Degree of vertical integration
(. CleEibility of resources
). 8iE beteen capital & humanresources
*. Degree of customer contact
![Page 44: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 44/69
Process Decisions+Iertical9ntegration & 8ae or !uy
Vertical integration refers to the degree a rm choosesto do processes itself> ra$ material to sales !acard 9ntegration means moving closer to primary operations Corard 9ntegration means moving closer to customers
A rm's Make-or-Buy choices should e ased on thefollo$ing considerations Strategic impact %vailable capacity BEpertise #uality considerations Speed $ost -Eed cost H variable cost/mae G $ost -Eed cost H Iariable cost/buy
see 3h .B
&usiness are trending to$ard less backward integration, more
outsourcing ))
![Page 45: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 45/69
)*
Product >ife $ycle also a"ectsdecisions
Product life cycle #series of changingproduct demand
3onsider product
life cycle stages Introduction ro$th Maturity Decline
5acility C processinvestment dependson life cycle
![Page 46: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 46/69
Tass or operations
!"amples# $iving an
admission ticet to a
customer% installing a
engine in a car% etc&
!"amples# $iving an
admission ticet to a
customer% installing a
engine in a car% etc&
Decision 'oints!"amples# (o) much
change should be
given to a customer%
)hich )rench shouldbe used% etc&
!"amples# (o) much
change should be
given to a customer%
)hich )rench shouldbe used% etc&
Purpose and !amples
Source0 $hase Kacobs & %quilano Operations Management for Competitive Advantage 11'e
5lo$chart Symols for Process Design
):
5lo$chart Symols for Process
![Page 47: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 47/69
!"amples# Sheds%
lines of people )aiting
for a service% etc&
!"amples# Sheds%
lines of people )aiting
for a service% etc&
!"amples# Customers
moving to a seat%
mechanic getting a
tool% etc&
!"amples# Customers
moving to a seat%
mechanic getting a
tool% etc&
Storage areas or
*ueues
+lo)s of
materials or
customers
Purpose and !amples
Source0 $hase Kacobs & %quilano Operations Management for Competitive Advantage 11'e
5lo$chart Symols for ProcessDesign
)=
![Page 48: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 48/69
)?
Process 9mprovement
5ften stages inthe productionprocess can be
performed inparallel asshon here in-c/ and -d/. 4heto stages canproducedi"erentproducts -c/ orthe sameproduct -d/.
![Page 49: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 49/69
)@
Process Performance8etrics
Process performance metrics ,
dened0 8easurement of di"erent
process characteristics that tell usho a process is performing Determining if a process is functioning
properly is required Determination requires measuring
performance
![Page 50: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 50/69
*A
Process Performance8etrics
![Page 51: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 51/69
Metrics 96ample0 %t Lelle’s Dry $leaning ittaes an average of ( M hours to dry clean &press a shirt ith value+added time estimated
at 11A min. ;orers are paid for a =+hourorday but or * M hr'day accounting forbreas and lunch. Lelle’s completes 2* shirtsper day hile the industry standard is 2? for acomparable facility.
Process Ielocity G -4hroughput 4ime/'-Ialue+addedtime/G -21A minutes'shirt/'-11A minutes'shirt/ G
)*E>abor Ntili6ation G -4ime in Nse/'-4ime %vailable/
G -* M hr/'-= hr/ G .=?: or FG*H
BOciency G -%ctual 5utput/'-Standard 5utput/
G -2* shirts'day/'-2? shirts'day/ G .?@ orG
*1
![Page 52: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 52/69
*2
4hroughput 4ime
% basic processperformance metric isthroughput time. % loer
throughput time means thatmore products can movethrough the system. 5negoal of processimprovement is to reducethroughput time.
i i d i &
![Page 53: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 53/69
*(
>ining Product Design &Process Selection
Product design and process selection aredirectly lined
4ype of product selected denes type ofoperation required 4ype of operation available denes
broader organi6ational aspects such as
Bquipment required Cacility arrangement 5rgani6ational structure
>i i P d D i &
![Page 54: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 54/69
*)
>ining Product Design &Process Selection con’t
9mpact of Product >ife $ycle0
9ntermittent and repetitive operations
typically focus on producing productsin di"erent stages of the product lifecycle. 9ntermittent is best for early in
product life repetitive is better forlater hen demand is morepredicable.
>i i P d D i &
![Page 55: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 55/69
**
>ining Product Design &Process Selection con’t
9mpact of $ompetitive Priorities09ntermittent operations are
typically less competitive oncost than repetitive operations.-4hin Qo" the rac vs. custom
tailored clothing./
![Page 56: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 56/69
*:
>ining Design & Process Selection0Summary
Organi8ational Decisions appropriate for di:erent types ofoperations
P d t d S i
![Page 57: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 57/69
Product and ServiceStrategy
4ype of operation is directly relatedto product and service strategy
4hree basic strategies include 8ae+to+stoc in anticipation of demand
%ssemble+to+order built from standardcomponents on order
8ae+to+order produce to customerspecication at time of order
*=
![Page 58: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 58/69
*?
Product and Service Strategy5ptions
![Page 59: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 59/69
*@
Clochart for Di"erent ProductStrategies at %ntonio’s Pi66aria
![Page 60: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 60/69
:A
4echnology Decisions
Information "echnology
Simplify rst then apply appropriate technology
BRP 7PS RC9D %utomation
%utomated 8aterial 3andling0 %utomated guided
vehicles -%7I/ %utomated storage & retrieval
systems -%S'RS/
CleEible 8anufacturing Systems -C8S/
Robotics & Fumerically+$ontrolled -F$/ equipment
![Page 61: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 61/69
:1
B+manufacturing
;eb+based environment createsnumerous business opportunities toinclude Product design collaboration Process design collaboration
$omputer+aided design , uses computergraphics to design ne products
$omputer+integrated manufacturing ,integration of product design processplanning and manufacturing using anintegrated computer system
![Page 62: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 62/69
:2
Design of Services
Service design is unique in that the service
and entire service concept are being
designed
must dene both the service and concept
+ Physical elements aesthetic & psychological
benets
e.g. promptness friendliness ambiance Product and service design must match the needs
and preferences of the targeted customer group
![Page 63: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 63/69
:(
Designing Services vsProducts
Services are di"erent frommanufacturing as they
Produce intangible products 9nvolve a high degree of customer
contact
4ype of service is classiedaccording to degree of customercontact
![Page 64: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 64/69
:)
Service Design 8atriE
Service 3haracteristics Pure services #uasi+8anufacturing 8iEed services
Service Pac0age 4he physical goods 4he sensual benets 4he psychological
benets Di:ering designs
Substitute technologyfor people
7et customer involved 3igh customer attention
![Page 65: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 65/69
:*
Remanufacturing
Nses components of old products inthe production of ne ones and
has0 Bnvironmental benets
$ost benets
7ood for0 $omputers televisions automobiles
Product Design and Process
![Page 66: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 66/69
::
Product Design and ProcessSelection %cross the
5rgani6ation Strategic and nancial of product
design and process selection
mandates operations or closelyacross the organi6ation 8areting is impacted by product that
is produced
Cinance is integral to the productdesign and process selection issuesdue to frequent large nancial outlays
Product Design and Process
![Page 67: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 67/69
:=
Product Design and ProcessSelection %cross the
5rgani6ation , con’t Strategic and nancial of product design
and process selection mandates
operations or closely across theorgani6ation 9nformation services has to be developed to
match the needs of the production process
3uman resources provides important inputto the process selection decisions forstaOng needs
![Page 68: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 68/69
$omputer+%ided Design
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is product
design using computer graphics. increases productivity of designers ( to 1A
times
creates a database for manufacturinginformation on product specications
provides possibility of engineering and costanalysis on proposed designs
:?
![Page 69: OM Proddesign](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021115/563dbb97550346aa9aae8257/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
7/23/2019 OM Proddesign
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-proddesign 69/69
Design for manufacturing -DC8/
Design for assembly -DC%/ Design for recycling -DCR/
Remanufacturing
Design for disassembly -DCD/
Robust design
Product design