Download - On-demand & Live Streaming with Amazon CloudFront in the Post-PC World (MED305) | AWS re:Invent 2013
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© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified, or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.
Media Streaming with Amazon CloudFront in a
Post-PC World
Alex Dunlap, Senior Manager - Amazon CloudFront
November 14, 2013
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Agenda
• Challenges of media streaming beyond the desktop
• Traditional media streaming solution
• Media streaming best practices
• Using AWS to implement best practices
• Demo: On-demand streaming to multiple devices using
Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Elastic Transcoder
• Customer walkthrough
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Agenda
• Challenges of media streaming beyond the desktop
• Traditional media streaming solution
• Media streaming best practices
• Using AWS to implement best practices
• Demo: On-demand streaming to multiple devices using
Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Elastic Transcoder
• Customer walkthrough
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A Fragmented Ecosystem…
Many Devices, Codecs and Protocols…
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Plethora of Devices
Supports only HLS
Devices are vendor specific
software-only baseline
Supports only smooth streaming
New devices entering the market
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Library
Multiple Transcodes
Codecs
Screens
Asset L
ibra
ry
Managem
ent
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Players and Security Models
Native Media
Players
Third-Party Media
Players
DRM-ed Content Tokenized Security
vs
vs
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Monitor
• Viewer experience
• Operational excellence
• Business impact
Identify
• Devices that need optimization
• Best delivery networks
• Viewer trends
Reduce
• Suboptimal viewer experience
• Turnaround times
• Operational costs
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Agenda
• Challenges of media streaming beyond the desktop
• Traditional media streaming solution
• Media streaming best practices
• Using AWS to implement best practices
• Demo: On-demand streaming to multiple devices using
Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Elastic Transcoder
• Customer walkthrough
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Agenda
• Challenges of media streaming beyond the desktop
• Traditional media streaming solution
• Media streaming best practices
• Using AWS to implement best practices
• Customer walkthrough
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Device Video Compression Audio Compression Quality Level Delivery Protocol
iOS H.264 AAC SD (low), SD (high), HD HLS
Android H.264 AAC SD (low), SD (high), HD
HLS *
Windows Phone
8 / Xbox
H.264 AAC SD (low), SD (high), HD
Smooth Streaming
Roku H.264 AAC SD (low), SD (high), HD
HLS
PlayStation 3 H.264 AAC SD (low), SD (high), HD
HLS
Desktop H.264 AAC SD (low), SD (high), HD
HLS / Smooth Streaming
Encode to Take Advantage of Commonality
among Devices
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Avoid Storage Duplication
Same content in multiple places? Central location with archival backup
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Global Reach
High Performance Delivery
Streaming Context Aware
Access Logs for Customer Insights
Pick the Right Content Delivery Network
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Feature Native Player Third-Party Player
Consistency No Yes
Customizability No Yes
Turn-Key Yes No
Debugging Support No Yes
Data Collection No Yes
Players – Native, Third Party, or Both?
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Securing Your Assets
Pre-DRM DRM On-The-Fly CDN Private Content
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Measure Viewer Experience
CDN Server Logs Real User Metrics
# of concurrent sessions (expected)
# of concurrent sessions (actual)
% of re-buffered sessions
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Agenda
• Challenges of media streaming beyond the desktop
• Traditional media streaming solution
• Media streaming best practices
• Using AWS to implement best practices
• Demo: On-demand streaming to multiple devices using
Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Elastic Transcoder
• Customer walkthrough
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Using AWS to Implement Media Streaming
• Native infrastructure services (Amazon S3, Amazon Elastic Transcoder, Amazon CloudFront, Amazon EC2)
• Partner solutions in AWS Marketplace
Well Formed Ecosystem
• Pay-as-you-go pricing model
• Capacity when you need it
• Global footprint
Cost Effective Scaling
• MPAA security best practices Media Specific
Capabilities
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Amazon S3
Mezzanine File
Amazon Elastic Transcoder
Encode to Take Advantage of Commonality
among Devices
• Faster onboarding of content
• Reduced storage costs
• Less content management
overhead
• Lowest number of encodes that
span maximum number of devices
• H.264 video, AAC audio
• Low quality, high quality, and 720p
HD compression
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Amazon S3
Images
Videos
Files
Binaries
Snapshots
Internet scale storage
via API
AWS Storage Gateway
Amazon S3,
Amazon Glacier
Integrates on-premises IT
and AWS storage
Amazon Glacier
Images
Videos
Files
Binaries
Snapshots
Storage for archiving and
backup
Storing and Managing Your Media Assets on AWS
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Video Streaming through AWS
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Video Streaming through AWS
All HTTP-based streaming protocols (HLS, HDS, Smooth Streaming, MPEG-DASH) supported
Video streaming-specific caching optimizations
Scalable to handle popular content
Global reach (43 edge locations)
Native streaming support for HLS
Joint solutions with streaming media ISVs
Granular customer access logs
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Delivering Secured Content
• Private content features of Amazon CloudFront Restrict Access to
Content
• Vary based on platform you are reaching
• Partner solutions available in AWS Marketplace
• Enabled by AWS CloudHSM solution
Encrypt Content Using Policies
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Monitor and Measure Customer Experience
Process Using Amazon Elastic MapReduce
Amazon CloudFront Access Logs
Video
Client Monitoring
Aggregator
Telemetry Data
Real User Metrics
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Agenda
• Challenges of media streaming beyond the desktop
• Traditional media streaming solution
• Media streaming best practices
• Using AWS to implement best practices
• Demo: On-demand streaming to multiple devices using
Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Elastic Transcoder
• Customer walkthrough
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Customer Walkthrough
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CHALLENGES IN HD
VIDEO ENCODING AND
DELIVERY
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WHO WE ARE
VEVO is the world's leading all-premium music video and
entertainment platform.
In August 2013:
• 4.4 billion video views worldwide
• 28% of global streams each month are on mobile
• 250 million unique visitors worldwide
• 75,000+ videos from more than 21,000 artists
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CHALLENGES
Provide a cohesive video streaming experience across
many different platforms
Disparate streaming protocols and encodes for
different devices and different screen sizes
Quickly adapt and be able to penetrate new markets
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SUPPORTED PLATFORMS
• Web (dynamic streaming over RTMP)
• iOS (HLS)
• Apple TV (HLS)
• Samsung TV (HLS)
• Roku (HLS)
• Flash syndicated player (HLS)
• XBOX (Smooth Streaming)
• Windows Phone / Windows 8 (Smooth Streaming)
• Android (PMD)
• Mobile web (PMD)
• VEVOTV linear channel
(RTMP/HLS/Smooth)
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VIDEO RENDITIONS
• Currently VEVO encodes 35 different renditions for each video
• All video encodes are adaptive with the exception of Android and mobile
web at the moment
• Working towards consolidating to 18 different renditions and providing
adaptive playback for all platforms by end of year
• Achieved through implementing HLS/Smooth Streaming playback on as
many sets of platforms as possible
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HLS APPROACH
• Find the least common denominator in terms of video encoding settings
• Example: HLS protocol has varying implementations on different
devices
• HLS 3 vs. HLS 4 support
• Provide lightweight options such as choice of manifest for different
devices
• Repeatable workflows that are agnostic to technology providers
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HLS MANIFESTS
Using the same adaptive bitrate encode for as many devices as
possible:
• Control quality and startup time by creating multiple versions of
manifests for mobile vs. connected devices
• Acceptable to use 500 kbps starting bitrate on 3G/4G cellular networks
• On a TV connected device, 2400 kbps 720p playback is much more
appropriate
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MASTER VARIANT PLAYLIST
#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-VERSION:4
#EXT-X-I-FRAME-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=2728426,RESOLUTION=960x540,
CODECS="avc1.4d401f,mp4a.40.2",URI="2400/vs3149982123_iframe.m3u8"
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-
ID=1,BANDWIDTH=2728426,RESOLUTION=960x540,CODECS="avc1.4d401f,mp4a.40.2"
2400/vs3149982123_2400k_960x540.m3u8
#EXT-X-I-FRAME-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=1449571,RESOLUTION=960x540,
CODECS="avc1.4d401f,mp4a.40.2",URI="1200/vs3149982123_iframe.m3u8"
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-
ID=1,BANDWIDTH=1449571,RESOLUTION=960x540,CODECS="avc1.4d401f,mp4a.40.2"
1200/vs3149982123_1200k_960x540.m3u8
……
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BYTERANGE PLAYLIST
#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:10
#EXT-X-VERSION:4
#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE:VOD
#EXT-X-I-FRAMES-ONLY
#EXTINF:10.00000,
#EXT-X-BYTERANGE:1417@564
vs3149982123_0.ts
#EXTINF:10.00000,
#EXT-X-BYTERANGE:86377@564
vs3149982123_1.ts
…
…
#EXTINF:7.64000,
#EXT-X-BYTERANGE:54522@564
vs3149982123_24.ts
#EXT-X-ENDLIST
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VIDEO STREAMING
• Use HTTP based protocol to deliver content where possible
• FMS servers generally have higher streaming costs
• ABR protocols benefit from faster startup time and the ability to target multiple
screen sizes
• Multi-CDN approach is not for everyone, but if footprint is large enough, it
provides best value\performance\stability balance
• Consider tradeoff between operational effort vs. extra redundancy and
protection from regional outages
• Video streaming in certain geographical regions and emerging markets are
more expensive
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ENCODING WORKFLOW
Queue-based system with designated tasks
• Encoding Request: Mezzanine files uploaded to object storage
• Encoding Job: Tasks created for each video platform and its
associated renditions
• Delivery: Upload encoded assets to CDN(s)
• Update Data Layer: Back-end databases updated with information on
how to stream the video
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QUEUE BASED ENCODING SYSTEM
Request
Service
Encoding
Service
Update
Service
CDNS
Qu
eu
e S
ys
tem
S
erv
ice
Sta
ck
Request Encode Delivery Update
Delivery
Service
On-Premises
Storage
Amazon S3
Storage
VEVO Database
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ANATOMY OF AN ENCODING MESSAGE
JSON
__type : "EncodingMessage:#Vevo.Encoding.Data.Messages"
Attempt : 0
BatchId : "c7ad3b1f-b85b-4ed2-a1e0-84d3a1099147"
IsPriority : false
Isrc : "BRV222900341"
MessageId : "822745bc-9aac-497d-aac9-9794be54e7a2"
Platform : 8
Priority : 1
ServiceRole : 2
TaskType : "Vevo.Encoding.Tasks.EncoderTask"
VideoSizeMB : 419
CaptionSource
BucketName : "CaptionFiles"
Key : "BRV222900341/BRV222900341"
Destination
BucketName : "EncodedOutput"
Key : "BRV222900341/"
Source
BucketName : "Mezzanine"
Key : "BRV222900341/BRV222900341.mp4"
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ENCODING WORKFLOW CONTINUED
Benefits:
1. Stateless – failed tasks will be reprocessed
2. Scalable – scale out fleet horizontally for large catalog re-
encodes
3. Maintainable – workflow is extremely repeatable
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VIDEO ENCODING SETTINGS
• Provide multiple bitrates for devices to choose from
• Select an appropriate H.264 profile and level to gain maximum coverage across
devices
• Baseline profile 3.x level (less complexity)
• High profile 4.x 1080p output (better compression)
• Two-channel 44100Hz AAC audio format has broadest support
• Live video broadcasts are a different beast!
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LAUNCHING ON A NEW PLATFORM
In late August 2013 VEVO launched on the Apple TV platform
How do we adapt HLS streams used for mobile devices to large screen device?
• Expanded HLS encoding profile to add additional 3400 kbps & 4200 kbps bitrate
encodes at 1080p resolution
• Implemented byte-range playlists without losing interoperability
• Reused widely for all devices supporting HLS natively
• Large undertaking to re-encode entire video catalog
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API STACK
Availability
Zone 1
SQL Server
Availability
Zone 2
SQL Server
Availability Zone 1
Cache
Preloader ElasticCache
Cluster
API Server
Availability Zone 1
API Server
Availability Zone 2
Amazon S3
Lucene Indexes
US East
Da
ta L
aye
r
SQ
L R
ep
licati
on
Elastic Load Balancing
Route 53 DNS
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WORKFLOW SUMMARY
Clients
Mezzanine
Files
CDN A CDN B
CDN C
Encoding API
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CLOUDFRONT
• Ease of integration: Encoding workflows live in multiple cloud providers; simple to
extend existing logic to output to a permanent Amazon S3 origin for streaming
• Competitive pricing: Easy to work on proof of concept with pay-as-you-go model
without a heavy initial investment
• Prewarm cache from different geographic locations for anticipated high profile
assets
• Amazon S3 object storage is suitable as a origin in terms of caching efficiency
and easy-to-control levels of redundancy for further cost savings; model for
Amazon S3 + redundant backups is compelling from an overhead and
management perspective.
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CLOUDFRONT CONTINUED
• Protecting video content residing on Amazon S3 origin is simple with origin
access identity
• Restrict access to all users except for CloudFront to ensure assets are only
streamed via CDN
• Integrate your own tokenization schemas for further security
• SSL for video content served over HTTP based protocol content if required
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ANALYZE YOUR LOGS
• When selecting edge locations, study your origin logs to determine
best balance between in-region delivery and cost.
• LATAM? APAC?
• Ability to select geographic edge locations helps keep cost under
control as VEVO mostly operates in North America in Europe.
Understand your traffic before making a decision
New York, NY
Frankfurt Am Main, Hessen
Los Angeles, CA
Atlanta, GA
Milano, Italy
Madrid, Spain
Dallas, TX
Berlin, Germany
Houston, TX
Hamburg, Germany
Chicago, IL
Phoenix, AZ
Washington, DC
Montreal, QC
Philadelphia, PA
Paris, France
Toronto, ON
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg
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ACHIEVED HIGHER AVERAGE BITRATE
New HLS profiles delivered over CloudFront to US and EU resulted in increased average bitrate
to iOS devices.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
6/1 6/11 6/21 7/1 7/11 7/21 7/31 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/9 9/19 9/29
Ave
rag
e K
bp
s
iOS Average Bitrate
iOS Bitrate Linear (iOS Bitrate)
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LARGER MEDIA INDUSTRY CONCERNS
• Lack of standardization and fragmentation is still a major issue.
• The problem is not going to go away overnight. Is DASH the future? HTML 5?
• Take the initiative to establish own internal standards for your video operations by
consolidation around adaptive protocols and using repeatable workflows.
• Pick the right CDN(s); buffering time has proven correlation with loss of
engagement.
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