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On the Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks over the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongu
e
De-Zheng SunJohn Fasullo
Tao ZhangAndres Roubicek
J. Climate, 2003, Vol. 16, 2425-2432
冷舌
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2121
The equatorial cold tongue
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Walker Circulation
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Solar radiation
Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Surface heat flux into the ocean
Net radiative flux
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S: the net solar radiation Sc: the clear-sky solar radiation Cs: the shortwave forcing of clouds
F: the outgoing longwave radiation E: the surface emission G: the total greenhouse effect Ga: the greenhouse effect of water vapor Cl: the greenhouse effect of clouds
Da: the vertically integrated, horizontal convergence of total energy
Fs: the net surface heat flux into the ocean
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The model data of CCM3 VS the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment(ERBE)
2121
The equatorial cold tongue
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SST
Anomaly
The greenhouse effect of water vapor
Da
Observation
Model
Observation
Model
Cs
Cl
El Nino warming
La Nina cooling JAN JAN JAN JAN
1986 1987 1988 1989
0
1
-1
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高雲
低雲
中雲
觀測 模式
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相加
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觀測
模式
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The results show that
• the net atmospheric feedback in the CCM3 over the equatorial Pacific cold tongue region is strongly positive
(5.1 W M-2K-1),
while the net atmospheric feedback in the real atmosphere is strongly negative
(-6.4 W M-2K-1).
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This discrepancy is largely due to errors in cloud feedbacks
• The positive feedback from the greenhouse effect of clouds in the model is significantly larger than the observed,
• while the negative feedback from the solar forcing of clouds in the model is significantly weaker.
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