OPEN DAYS UNIVERSITY9th European Week of Regions and Cities
BrusselsOctober 12th 2010
Shaping EU Cities in a Changing Environment
Strengthening Urban Quality in Strategies for Growth and Shrinkage
Concluding RemarksClaude JacquierSenior Researcher - CNRS
National Centre for Scientific Research France
Concluding Remarks 1Paradigms and Objectives
Concluding Remarks 2Social and Economical ChallengesThe rôle of Local Communities
Concluding Remarks 3Governing strategies and means
Concluding Remarks 1Paradigms and Objectives
Crisis: which possible issues?
Until now 2007-08 Downtur
n
1929options?(permanentrecession,
nationalism, xenophobia, racism, war)
Business as usual is
expected by economists
New paradigmIntegratedSustainable
Development??Certainly
both of these solutions
but in different
ways!
Local community related to Sustainable Development
Place(environme
nt)Place(environment)
People and Gender(social)
Institutions (public and private, economic and social)
Peopleand
Gender(social)
Constituents
Institutions(economy and politic)
Constituentsin unstable equilibrium
Atmosphere
Multiscale approach of sustainabledevelopment
Institutions(economy)
Local Community City and Rurban Region
Polycentric Rurban Region
ESDP (SDEC)
Cities and Urban regions are very rich considering GDP per capita…
GDP and disposable income per capita 2001
HU
SKPL
EELTLV
RO
Bucarest
CZVarsovie
Budapest
PT GR
Bratislava
ES
UE25
ITUK
BEFR
LisboaFI
SE MadridNL
IE DKPraha
DE
Berlin
UttrechtHelsinki
Stockholm
Bremen
Ile de france
Hambourg
Bruxelles
Inner London
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
Disposable income per capita
GD
P p
er c
apit
a
… but they are less considering Disposable Income per capita!
Inner London/UKGDP = 2,5
DI = 1,2
Brussels/BelgiqueGDP = 2DI = 1
Ireland/EU15GDP = 2ndDI = 13th
Cities State Members
The Challenge 2050Objective EU 2050
Divide by 4 Energy Consumption and Pollution:
We have less than 40 years to reach the goal
Considering the actual improving trend of the building stocks
150 years and more are needed
A triple lackInvestments, innovative skills, regulation
A necessityBehavior changes
How to leave this path dependancy
The Challenge 2020 concerning Energy : 3 x (–
20%) (in 8 years)
Sobriety- 20%
Efficiency- 20%
Renewable- 20%
Daily Costs are Increasing(energy, pollution, Time costs, etc.)
Daily Pricesof Square Meterare Decreasing (in absolute and relative terms)
Opportunities for Investments.(the more the gap is large the more the investment time return is short)
Gap
Place
Institutions(economypolitics)
Atmosphere
Community
Concluding Remarks 2Social and Economical
ChallengesThe rôle of Local Communities
ProductiveBase
(labour and capital incomes from local
activities
Residential Base(pension,
incomes from outside, tourism)
Social Base(social benefits,
excepted pensions and unemployment
benefit)
Public Base
(wages from public sector )
The Economic
Basesof a
Community
NeigbhborhoodDistrict
CommuneCity
or Rurban Region
(Sources : Sombart, Davezies)
Economieémergée
Economieimmergée
Trade economy Men
Poachingeconomy
Women
Immerged economy
Domesticeconomy
Welfareeconomy
Emergedeconomy
Social economy
Economical Resources: Gender and Economies
SVA SVASVASVASVASVA
Strategica
lLinkR & D
Know-HowFinances
Com
StrategicalLink
MarketingSales
Maintenance
VAS links located in deprived communities or
elsewhere in the World
The Sustainable Value Added (SVA) Chain :
Each community is a link of the chain
Which parts of these links are still Located in deprived communities
or could be re-located in them? What is the delocalisation risk for strategical Links?
Connected Community
ConnectedCommunity
Deprived Community
Deprived Community
Community elsewhere in
the world
Community elsewhere in
the world
New fields of activities and employmentsSeventeen potential fields have been identified (EU 1994):
- services related to city improvement: improvement and energy saving in housing, safety, transportation, revalorisation of public spaces, neighbourhood commercial services,
- services related to everyday life: child minding, insertion of young people, old people, disable people,
- cultural and leisure services: valorisation of cultural heritage, cultural and sporting activities, restaurants, hotels
- environment-related services: prevention and precaution concerning food and sanitation, water protection and anti-pollution measures, protection of rivers and nature areas, waste management.
Essential aspects of this census: - these activities cannot be delocated,
- these activities ensure the closing of socio-economic and urban reproduction cycles, we have open in the past.
- these activities ensure links between the various economies identified hereunder: trade economy, redistribution (Welfare State), domestic economy, social and solidarity economy, to which we may add the ‘poaching economy’ made up of illegal activities and exchanges.
Concluding Remarks 3Governing strategies and
means
Bypassing rigidities and building reformsAims of integrated policies for sustainable urban
development
Making the city Making the best of the city
Horizontal conflicting cooperation (since the end of 19s)
Fragmented territoryBalkanized ‘Tart’
Horizontal cooperation Cooperation between local authorities and organizations
Rurban Region
Making the city Making the best of the city
Vertical conflicting cooperation (since the 60s)
Hierarchical approach Specialised approach‘Pastry’
Vertical cooperation Subsidiary approachContractual policy Multilevel agreements
Making the city Making the best of the city
Transversal conflicting cooperation (since the 80s)
Sectorised approach Partitioned approach‘Slices of cake’
Transversal cooperation Transversal approach Partnership
This last cooperation is the hardest to set up: Confrontation between various professional and cultural identities, corporatism and bureaucracy.
Cross-border cooperation
(1)
Cross-border Coopération
(2)
Programmes of
Risk Prevention:floods anddrynesses
Eurométropole Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai (Belgium-France)European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)
Place(environment)
Peopleand
Gender(social)
-6- Project
Outcomes(LAPLocal
Action Plan)Sustainable
Added-value
-1- Community
TerritoryTheir components
-5-Cross-
fertilization
Contracts (A, B, C) (effective
LSG)
-2-The Key: Know-How
(LAT Local Action Team)
Reformist ConspiratorsGardeners, Clinicians
Create New
Atmospheres with New
Compromises
-4- Partnersh
ip(LSG Local Support
Group)A ConflictiveCooperation
A
B
C
Creating Sustainable Added-Value within a Community
Building Sustainable Local Action Plans (“Making the Best With”)
-3- Mobilizing Actors Traditional and New OneInside and Outside the
CommunityBringing Economic, Social and
Environmental Resources
Institutions(economy politics)
Action Arena
Patterns of
intégration
-7-Evaluation
URBACT – URBAMECO - C. Jacquier
Sustainable Local Action Team (SLAT) and Sustainable Local Support Group (SLSG)
Local authority A
Local authority Z
State - EU
Other political
levels(Region
Province)
Private sector
Associations
Reformist conspirators
Accomplices
Institutionsand agents
SLAT and SLSG
Reformist process
Metropolitan Area
Rurban Region
Thank you for your attention