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Open (information and
open) innovation strategies
in Finland
PAVING THE WAY FOR OPEN SCIENCE Open access to research results – FinnOA symposium
3rd May 2010, Tieteiden talo
Ilkka Turunen Secretary General
Research and Innovation Council of Finland
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Definitions - statements
"Open innovation is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for use of innovation, respectively. Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as they look to advance their technology". (Henry Chesbrough, 2006)
"The term open innovation does not refer to free knowledge or technology. While "open source" refers to royalty-free technologies, "open innovation" refers to the collaborative methods applied, and may still imply the (significant) payment of license fees between companies for intellectual property." (OECD 2008)
"Innovation by individual users and also open collaborative innovation increasingly compete with – and may displace – producer innovation in many parts of economy. A transition from producer innovation to open single user and open collaborative innovation is desirable in terms of social welfare, and so worthy of support by policymakers (Carliss Baldwin and Eric von Hippel, 2009)"
"Open innovation is not equivalent to open science, nor does it correspond with open source software (in the ICT area). Intellectual property rights remain important, although the way these are managed may change to reflect the collaborative architecture and business goals." (EU, Luc Soete et al. 2009)
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Open innovation tools along the innovation processSource: de Jong (2007)
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Approaches to "open innovation"
Government
Industry/FirmsAcademia
PROs
Citizens
UsersCustomers
Consultants
Suppliers
Globalisation – opening up the world economy, information flows..
Globalization and the internationalization of value chains
"The changing nature of the business innovation practices"
Internationalization of R&D
Collaboration – public-private
partnership
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Drivers of open innovation and internationalization of R&DSource: European Commission, ERA Expert Group Report, Soete et al. 2009
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Finland’s Innovation Strategy 2008
Proposal of Finland's National Innovation Strategy, June 2008 (Aho et al.)
The Government’s Communication on Finland’s National Innovation Strategy to the Parliament
Drivers of change
• Globalisation the most favourable operating conditions, competition for talent
• Sustainable development climate chance, energy and raw materials
• New technologies ICT, bio- and nanotechnology, huge potential
• Aging of population Finland is one of the first countries to face reducing workforce volumes
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Finland’s Innovation Strategy 2008
Basic strategic choices
Innovation activity in a world without borders active
participation and influence in global value networks
Demand and user orientation paying attention to
the needs of customers, consumers and citizens,
incentives, shared innovation processes
Innovative individuals and communities the ability
of individuals and entrepreneurs to innovate
Systemic approach broad based activities,
structural renewal, management of change
Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation
System 2008-2009
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International Evaluation of
the Finnish Research &
Innovation System
Remarks and recommendations related to "Open
Innovation"
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Broad-based
innovation
policy
C. Edquist
T. Luukkonen
M. Sotarauta
Demand- and
user-driven
innovation
D. Breznitz
M. Ketokivi
P. Rouvinen
Globalization
of business
activities
K. Aiginger
P. Okko
P. Ylä-Anttila
Growth entre-
preneurship
& finance
G. Murray
A. Hyytinen
M. Maula
Geography
of innovative
activity
G. Ottaviano
A. Kangasharju
M. Maliranta
Education,
research and
the economy
R. Veugelers
O. Toivanen
T. Tanayama
Global trends, national structures & their evolution, choices of the Finnish National Innovation Strategy
The Finnish national innovation system and policy:
policy/institutional reforms/adjustments
to meet future challenges
Innovation activity in a world without borders
Innovative individuals & communities
Demand & user orientation
Systemic approach
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A Growth Strategy for Finland at the Frontier(= the two goals of the new innovation strategy)
Productivity improvement• Within existing units• Between existing units• Entry of new units• Exit of old units
Pioneering• Less policy concern for
individuals & org’s that are not (seeking to be) at the global frontier
More experimentation and more risk-taking
Educating, enabling & incentivizing individuals (less org’s)
New-to-the-world & radical/disruptive innovations
Increased emphasison re-allocation
Increased emphasis on top-quality
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Less international than often thought The system is exceptionally domestic/national &
the situation is not (necessary) improving Does not attract talented/educated immigrants
Does not attract multinational enterprises’ business activities
Not a source of growth-seeking entrepreneurial talent with global views & potential
Decreasing researcher mobility; somewhat introvert universities
Public Policy actors not exploiting European/internat. policy fora
Streamlining the internationalization support for business
Providing incentives for internationalization (researcher mobility, universities)
Capitalizing on & furthering a real European Single Market for goods, services, finance, research (ERA) & higher education (EHEA)
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Challenges & Responses & Policy Proposals
Panel supports the broad-based approach and
demand & user orientation, but calls for refinements
• Urgent need to clarify these basic principles if they
are to be useful for designing concrete policies
• Balanced view on innovation – not particularly
favoring supply or demand aspects
• If biases for either side, revert to impartiality
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"Openness" of the
Finnish STI System
Strong in collaboration, but
weak in social dimension
of globalisation
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Companies collaborating on innovation activities, by partner (percentage of all
companies collaborating on innovation, 2002-04) Source: OECD 2008
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Customers are an important source of new ideas for virtually all firms
Very important (Important in brackets)
Source:
Evaluation of
the Finnish
Innovation
System. Policy
Report, p. 45
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Companies collaborating in innovation activities, by size, 2004-06
As a percentage of all firms; Source: OECD 2010
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Companies with foreign and national collaboration on innovation activities,
2004-06 as a percentage of innovative firms
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BUT...
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Foreign-born nationals as a proportion of R&D personnel aged 25–64 in EU27 and selected countries in
2006. Source: OECD 2008
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International university teacher and
researcher visits in 1995–2007
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Participation in EU programmes (participations per thousand researchers).
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Foreign and international doctoral student
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Policies for open innovation in Finland
The Strategic Centres of Excellence for science, technology and innovation (SHOKs)
long-term cooperation between industry and the academia
to achieve world-class expertise and internationally important innovations and discoveries within a given sector or industry
to thoroughly renew industry clusters and to create radical innovations
six centres are in operation: ForestCluster LTd. Information and communicatIon services TIVIT Ltd, Metal products and mechanical engineering FIMEEC Ltd, Energy and environment CLEEN Ltd, Built environment innovations RTM Ltd, Health and well-being SalWe Ltd
The Centre of Expertise Programme a cluster-based model, to increase regional specialisation and to
strengthen cooperation between centres of expertise
involves 13 national Clusters of Expertise and 21 regional Centres of Expertise
cooperation parties are companies, universities, institutes of higher education, research institutes, technology centres and various sources of finance (cities, municipalities, regional councils, Employment and Economic Development Centres, and county administration boards).
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Positioning of SHOKs in the Finnish innovation system
Lähde:Nikulainen-Tahvanainen, ETLA 2009
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Action programme for demand and
user-driven innovation policy
Background: national innovation strategy and innovation policy review of the Council of State
Ministry of Employment and the Economy was assigned to outline a policy framework for promoting demand and user driven innovation
Action points have been prepared jointly with a wide stakeholder group during autumn 2009
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Key areas of the action programme
1. Competitiveness by strengthening knowledge-base
and awareness of demand and user-driven
innovation
2. Innovations by bolstering demand
3. Renewal of the public sector as a source and
target of pioneering actions
4. Incentives for enhancing grass root level initiatives
5. More impact from increased usage of user-driven
methods
6. Networks enhancing diffusion of innovations
7. Evaluating the impact of the action programme
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Thank you!