Download - Open Science in a European Perspective
Open ScienceRon Dekker, Seconded National Expert
[opinions are my own]European CommissionDG Research & InnovationA.6-Data, Open Access and Foresight
Open Science in a European PerspectivePolish National Open Access WorkshopWarsaw, 16 November 2016
Contents
What is Open
Science
European
Open SciencePolicy
From Vision
to Action
International Dimension
Next Steps: What
can you do?
Open Science - trend
The way we do science will change, because of• Digitization
Data availability (exponential growth)• Need for transparency and reproducibility
Accountability, responsiveness and transparency• Need to better connect with society at large
Including involvement of citizens; Digital Natives• Need to tackle grand challenges
Open Science – definition
Michael Nielsen: "Open science is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process."
scientific knowledge of all kinds: includes journal articles, data, code, online software tools, questions, ideas, and speculations; anything which can be considered knowledge.
as is practical: very often there are other factors (legal, ethical, social, etc) that must be considered.
Open Science – umbrella term
• Open source software• MOOCs/• Open Educational
Resources• Open innovation• Creative commons• Sharing/collaborative
economy • Web 2.0
services and standards Op
en d
ata
Data-intensive
Open t
abbo
oks/
workflo
w
Open
annotation
Scienceblog Collaborative bibliographies
Alternative
reputation
systems
Open
ac
cess
Pre-
prin
t
Open code
Citizen science
Data
-gat
herin
g
Analysis
Publication
ConceptualisationReview
Open Science – an emerging ecosystem
affects virtually all components of doing science and research
Open Science – a new approach to the research process
Moedas (book on Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World):“Open Science represents a new approach to the scientific process based on cooperative work and new ways of diffusing knowledge by using digital technologies and new collaborative tools.”
A new approach to the scientific process based on cooperative work and new ways of diffusing knowledge • by using digital technologies and new collaborative tools
Shifting focus from publishing as fast as possible to sharing knowledge as early as possible
Article Accepted
Research is done
Write article
Submit to Journal
Peer review
Revision by authors
Publication accessible via subscription
New research builds on
published results
Publishing process
Manuscript is archived in Repository,
access may face an embargo period
Access is maximized, although delayed
article processing charges paid by institution/funder pays/author
Access is maximized
Source: Adapted from T. Brody and S. Harnad (Southampton University)
Access behind paywall
Have a backup
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Open Science – genesis of EC policy
Extensive stakeholder consultation Public consultation (July-September 2014) Validation workshops (October-December 2014) Final report (February 2015)
http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/science-2.0/science_2_0_final_report.pdfStrong support by Member States Competitiveness Council Conclusions ‘Data-Driven Economy' May 2015 Presidency conference Open Science &
Competitiveness Council Conclusions ‘Open Science' May 2016European Open Science Agenda Broad consensus on five policy action lines High Level Expert Groups on 8 Action Lines Open Science Policy Platform Included in the Digital Single Market strategy May 2015
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
7.4 7.4 6.96.2
5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.34.7
On what issues a need for policy intervention?
EC Consultation – key drivers
Over 80% agree/totally agree Digital technologiesNew ways of disseminating resultsNew ways of collaboration
• Less than 50% agree/totally agreeCitizens acting as scientists
EC Consultation –key drivers
Over 80% agree/totally agree Quality assuranceLack of creditsLack of infrastructuresLimited awareness of benefits
Less than 70% agree/totally agree Concerns about ethical and privacy issues
EC Consultation –key barriers
Focus on Publications and Data
Results (deliverables):
• European Research Area Committee (member states)ERAC Taskforce Report on Open Data
• Open Science Conference AmsterdamAmsterdam Call for Action on Open Science
www.openaccess.nl/en/events/amsterdam-call-for-action-on-open-science
• Competitiveness CouncilConclusions on Transition to Open Science System
www.data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9526-2016-INIT/en/pdf
Dutch EU Presidency 2016-I
TRAINING OF STAKEHOLDERS AND AWARENESS RAISING 1. Promote a better understanding of open research data 2. Establish training and education programs on Open Science3. Establish a reward system for data sharing activities4. Ensure sound monitoring DATA QUALITY AND MANAGEMENT5. Make data identifiable and citable6. Promote metadata standardisation and production of metadata7. Promote innovative models for peer-review and quality assurance 8. Strongly promote the use of data management plans SUSTAINABILITY AND FUNDING 9. Ensure the existence of FAIR open research data infrastructures 10. Ensure funding for open research data and for data sharing activitiesLEGAL ISSUES 11. Make IPR issues insightful
ERAC TF on Optimal Reuse of Research Data
Amsterdam Call for ActionTwo important pan-European goals for 2020:
1. Full open access for all scientific publications
2. A fundamentally new approach towards optimal reuse of research data
Flanking policies
3. New assessment, reward and evaluation systems
4. Alignment of policies and exchange of best practices
Removing barriers to open science1. Change assessment, evaluation and reward systems in science 2. Facilitate text and data mining of content 3. Improve insight into IPR and issues such as privacy 4. Create transparency on the costs and conditions of academic communication
Developing research infrastructures5. Introduce FAIR and secure data principles 6. Set up common e-infrastructures
Fostering and creating incentives for open science7. Adopt open access principles 8. Stimulate new publishing models for knowledge transfer 9. Stimulate evidence-based research on innovations in open science
Mainstreaming and further promoting open science policies10. Develop, implement, monitor and refine open access plans
Stimulating and embedding open science in science and society11. Involve researchers and new users in open science 12. Encourage stakeholders to share expertise and information on open science
Competitiveness Council Conclusions – May 2016Council Conclusions aligned with
• A’dam Call for Action• EC Open Science Agenda
• Stress the importance of Open Science
• Open Science Policy Platform and European Open Science Agenda
• Removing barriers and fostering incentives
• Open access to scientific publications
• Optimal reuse of research data
• Follow-up
• Stress the importance of Open Science1. Open Science as an ongoing transformation2. Potential to increase benefits of science3. Focus on Publications & Data
• Open Science Policy Platform and Open Science Agenda 4. Open Science Policy Platform; Start initiatives; Inform each
other5. Further develop the European Open Science Agenda
• Removing barriers and fostering incentives 6. Results open ASAP; Remove legal barriers7. Impact to Science and Society; QA; Reward Systems; Data
Citation8. TDM for All9. Retain Copyright, use Licensing Models
• Open access to scientific publications 10. Open Access as point of departure; common principles11. Compliance on Open Access12. Open Access in 2020; Funding of new Models; Common
Principles 13. Set Milestones; Monitoring; Facilitate Information Sharing
• Optimal reuse of research data 14. Optimal reuse as point of departure; data as public good 15. Open by default; promote data stewardship; implement
Data Management Plans16. FAIR & Safe Data17. European Open Science Cloud
• Follow-up 18. Advocate Open Science; Coordinate Activities & Information
From Vision to Action
• Open Science Agenda• High Level Expert Groups• Open Science Policy Platform• EC Programmes H2020/FP9
EC Open Science Agenda
Fostering and creating incentives for Open ScienceOpen Science in education programmes and best practicesExtending the input of knowledge producers in an open environment It is also about the quality, impact and research integrity of science
Removing barriers for Open Scienceincludes a review of researchers' careers with a view on creating incentives and awarding researchers for engagement with Open Science
Developing research infrastructures for Open ScienceImprove data hosting, access and governance
Mainstreaming and further promoting Open Access policies to research data and publications
Embedding Open Science in society as a soc-ec driverOpen Science becomes instrumental in making science more responsive to societal and economic expectations.
1. Reward systems2. Measuring quality and impact: altmetrics3. Changing business models for publishing4. FAIR open data 5. Open Science Cloud6. Research integrity7. Citizen Science8. Open education and skills
EC Open Science Agenda – 8 key issues
1. Reward systems2. Measuring quality and impact: altmetrics3. Changing business models for publishing4. FAIR open data 5. Open Science Cloud6. Research integrity7. Citizen Science8. Open education and skills
EC Open Science Agenda – 8 key issues
EC installed/will install 8 High Level Expert Groups
EC installed Open Science Policy Platform
European Open Science Cloud is part of Europe´s ambition to support the transition to Open Science and make the most of data-driven science.
o Strongly stated need: it's cost-effective, and privacy & IPR-conscious
o Virtual environment for all European researchers to store, manage, analyse and re-use data
o Federation of existing and emerging data infrastructures
o Added value: scale, data-driven science, inter-disciplinary, data - to - knowledge - to - innovation
HLEG European Open Science Cloud
3 pillars European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) Integration and consolidation of e-infrastructures Federation of existing research infrastructures and scientific clouds Development of cloud-based services for Open Science Connection of ESFRIs to the EOSC
European Data Infrastructure (EDI) Development and deployment of large-scale European HPC, data
and network infrastructure
Widening access SMEs, Industry at large, Government
COM 2016/178 (19 April 2016) –European Cloud Initiative
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Publication of the HLEG EOSC report
Publication of the report of theHigh Level Expert Group on the European Open Science Cloud(11 October 2016)
Including recommendations on Policy, Governance and Implementation
http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=open-science-cloud
HLEG Altmetrics
✓ Examine implications of:✓ emerging social networks; research information systems;✓ citation profiles
✓ Develop a framework for responsible metrics for research qualities and impacts for evaluation of Horizon 2020 and for wider use in the next framework programme
✓ Consider required data infrastructures✓ Assess role of (alt)metrics in research evaluation✓ Consider how altmetrics can be developed to support Open
Science✓ engage stakeholders; consider implications of metrics
HLEG Altmetrics – measuring is changing
✓ What counts as excellence is shaped by how we measure and define “excellence”
✓ What counts as impact is shaped by how we measure and define “impact”
✓ Qualities and interactions are the foundation for “excellence” and “impact” so we should understand those more fundamental processes first
✓ We need different indicators at different levels in the scientific system to inform wise management that strikes the right balance between trust and control
✓ Context crucial for effective data standardization
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Open Science Policy Platform – goals
• Catalyse the transition towards Open ScienceAdvance Open Science in order to radically increase the quality and impact of European science
• Identify the issues Work along the 8 priorities of the Open Science Agenda
Harvest & connect what's happening ' outside' (RDA, MS)Make use of the expert groups, network, outside expertise, best practices, …
Set up/work on new ideas (Right of initiative)• Connect the issues
Have an overarching view
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Open Science Policy Platform – mandate
Function as a dynamic, stakeholder-driven mechanisma. identify the issues to be addressed b. bring up and address issues of concern for the science and
research community
Advise the Commission c. on how to further develop and implement open science policyd. recommendations on the policy actions required and any cross-
cutting issue affecting Open Science
Support policy implementation e. contribute to reviewing best practices, drawing policy guidelines
and encouraging their active uptake by stakeholders
European Commission
Digital Single Market & framework conditions for data:• Copyright - TDM• Data Protection• Free Flow of Data• …
ERA & framework conditions for actors:• European Charter for
researchers • Code of conduct for
Research Integrity• Charter for Access to
Research Infra• …
Open Science Policy Platform
Wide input from stakeholders:• ad-hoc meetings and workshops• e-platform with wider community• reports and independent experts
on Open Science Cloud on Altmetrics on new Publishing Models on FAIR Open Data
opinions
context
European Open Science Agenda
Open Science Policy Platform
on Reward & Evaluation Systems on Citizen Science on Research Integrity on Open Education & Skills
advice
EC Programmes – research data open by default
• Horizon 2020 grantees are required to• deposit underlying research data in a repository• take measures to grant access to the research data
• Horizon 2020 grantees are encouraged to share datasets beyond publication
• FAIR data• Findable + Accessible + Interoperable + Re-usable
From FP7 to H2020: OA to publicationsfrom pilot to underlying principle
• Obligation to provide OA, either through the Green or Gold wayin all areas; deposition mandatory either way
• Allowed embargoes: 6 to 12 months (depending on discipline)
• Gold open access costs eligible for reimbursementas part of the project budget while the project runs & post-grant support being piloted through OpenAIRE
• Authors encouraged to retain copyrightgrant licences instead
Projects must have a Data Management Plan
The Open Research Data Pilot has been extended to cover all thematic areas of Horizon 2020 as of the Work Programme 2017
A Data Management Plan provides information on:• The data the research will generate• How to ensure its curation, preservation and sustainability• What parts of that data will be open (and how)
The international dimension of Open Access
• Robust open access policies around the world • not only European
• Strong US OA mandate for federally funded research agencies with budget of over 100 million $ (NIH, NSF, …)
• Strong Green OA mandate in Latin America (SCIELO)• Strong OA policies also in Canada, Australia, Japan...• Developing policies in other countries,
e.g. China, Russia, India, South Africa, Kenya• Key non-state funders also have robust mandates
Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation, ...
Open Science and the G7
G7 Science and Technology Ministers’ Meeting in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, May 2016• 6: Open Science ‐ Entering into a New Era for Science:• Putting into Practice New Framework of Research and Knowledge
Discovery, Sharing, and Utilization through Openness• We support taking the following actions:
i. i. Establish a working group on open science with the aims of sharing open science policies, exploring supportive incentive structures, and identifying good practices for promoting increasing access to the results of publicly funded research, including scientific data and publications, coordinating as appropriate with the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and Research Data Alliance (RDA), and other relevant groups; and
ii. ii. Promote international coordination and collaboration to develop the appropriate technology, infrastructure, including digital networks, and human resources for the effective utilization of open science for the benefit of all.
Further developing Open Science with the G20
• The G20 Science, Technology and Innovation Ministers Meeting of 4 November 2016 stated:
• 'We encourage discussion on open science and access to publicly-funded research results on findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable (FAIR) principles in order to increase collaboration on science and research activities'.
Open Science and the G7 & OECD
G7-Autumn 2017, ItalyG7 scheduled to adopt statement on Open Science with special reference to global dimension of Open Science Cloud and Rewards for Researchers to engage with Open Science
Global Science Forum under the OECD is developing a framework for open and inclusive collaboration in Science in order to define future work priorities on Open Science
What can you do – some personal thoughts
• Ecosystem implies an Inclusive ApproachMake use of expertise, infrastructures, etc. from other stakeholdersJoin forces, also outside Europe (science is global, knowledge transfer also)Essential for solving today’s complex societal & grand challenges
• It’s also about Data (and software and integrity and …)More data than all researchers could ever analyse
• It’s about ImpactFunders want more return get out of the system where Impact is limited to
scientific impact (= among peers) and further limited by taking the Journal Impact Factor as the main indicator.Real Impact deals with science, innovation, society and education
• Open as a PrincipleWe need to better connect science with innovation and to the world:Open Science, Open Innovation, Open to the World
Open Science – what is at stake?
In total in 2014, LERU members alone had an economic impact across Europe of• €71.2 billion Gross
Value Added• 900,000 jobs
• Study by BiGGAR economics• www.biggareconomics.co.uk
Thank you