Download - Operatig System Tutorial Level3
IT-020-3(3) OPERATING SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
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What is an Operating System?
• It has one set of tasks to perform• controls the operation of a computer• directs the input and output of data • keeps track of files• controls the processing of computer programs• managing the functioning of the computer
hardware • running the applications programs • serving as an interface between the computer and
the user • and allocating computer resources to various
functions
• It has one set of tasks to perform• controls the operation of a computer• directs the input and output of data • keeps track of files• controls the processing of computer programs• managing the functioning of the computer
hardware • running the applications programs • serving as an interface between the computer and
the user • and allocating computer resources to various
functions Prepared By;
The computer's master control program
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How Operating Systems Work
• An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer.
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What is software?• Software is any set of instructions that performs
some task on a computer • The operating system performs many essential
tasks for your computer. -controls the memory needed for computer
processes. -manages disk space. -controls peripheral devices. -and allows you to communicate with the
computer.• Without an operating system, a computer is
useless.
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An operating system performs the following functions.
• User Interface
• Job Management
• Task Management
• Data Management
• Device Management
• Security
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The Operating System's Job
• Windows Operating System Loading boot your computer
VS
OS Loading Mac OS Loading
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You know what that means? • Booting is the process that occurs when press
the power button to turn computer on. • The operating system loads.
In the points:• Controlling the way in which the computer
functions• Responsible for managing the computer's
hardware and software resources.
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Vista Desktop
• big share of the operating system market • over 90% of computer users have
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Mac OS X Desktop
• almost 7.5% percent of the operating systems market as of March 2008
• Mac computers are sleek and modern looking Prepared By;
Desktop Version of Linux • Linux is an open source• Unlike Windows and Mac OS• Linux was started in the 1990s• originally created by Linus Torvalds • create various versions of the Linux operating system • represents under 1% of the market share for home users
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Two popular distributions of the software
• Ubuntu and Red Hat
Ubuntu is completely free - specifically for home users - perfect for laptops, desktops and servers
Red Hat is a company - offers technical and training support for
businesses
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You may work on :
• A Word document
• print an email
• And Internet browser open for web surfing
These three programs need attention from the (CPU):
- To do whatever task that you
- The user
- Are telling it to do
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• need memory and storage
• be able to send messages
• responsible for handling processor and network management.
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Types of Operating Systems
• Three most common Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux Logos Operating systems
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Start Menu on Windows
• User Interface• Graphical User Interface (GUI) • allows the user to interact with the
computer • Instead typing a command that tell the
computer what to do• you can use graphical icons and text on
the GUI to instruct the computer to perform a task
• Operating systems may support optional interfaces
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Let's take a look at the graphical user interfaces of three popular operating systems.
• Microsoft Windows• Microsoft created the operating system, Windows, in the
mid-1980s. They have a version of the operating system that is designed for the home user, and a professional version, which is intended for businesses. The versions differ in the depth of networking, security, and multimedia support.
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Job Management
• controls the order and time in which programs are run
• is more sophisticated in the mainframe environment
• where scheduling the daily work has always been routine
• job control language (JCL) was developed decades ago
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Task Management
• Multitasking ability to simultaneously execute multiple programs
• necessary for keeping several applications open at the same time
• multiple programs can be running at the same time
• Multitasking ability to simultaneously execute multiple programs
• necessary for keeping several applications open at the same time
• multiple programs can be running at the same time
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Data Management
• keeps track of the data on disk, tape and optical storage devices .
• application program deals with data by file name and a particular
• knows where that data are physically stored (which sectors on disk)
• and interaction between the application and operating system is through the programming interface
• an application needs to read or write data (API)Prepared By; [email protected]
Device Management
• controls peripheral devices
• requires drivers for the peripherals attached to the computer
• routine that knows how to deal with each device
• When a new peripheral is added, device's driver is installed into the operating system
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Security
• provide password protection to keep unauthorized users out of the system
• maintain activity logs and accounting • provide backup and recovery routines
• provide password protection to keep unauthorized users out of the system
• maintain activity logs and accounting • provide backup and recovery routines
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History• operating systems were developed in the
late 1950s to manage tape storage
- (programmers mostly wrote their own I/O routines)
• In the mid-1960s, operating systems became essential to manage disks - (complex timesharing and multitasking systems)
• Today, all multi-purpose computers from desktop to mainframe use an operating system. Consumer electronics devices increasingly use an OS.
• operating systems were developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
- (programmers mostly wrote their own I/O routines)
• In the mid-1960s, operating systems became essential to manage disks - (complex timesharing and multitasking systems)
• Today, all multi-purpose computers from desktop to mainframe use an operating system. Consumer electronics devices increasingly use an OS.
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Common Operating Systems • The primary operating systems
-Windows (Windows 98, XP, Vista)-Macintosh OS X -Linux -Unix -i5/OS (IBM iSeries) -z/OS (IBM zSeries mainframes)
• DOS is still used for some applications (special-purpose operating systems)
• The primary operating systems -Windows (Windows 98, XP, Vista)-Macintosh OS X -Linux -Unix -i5/OS (IBM iSeries) -z/OS (IBM zSeries mainframes)
• DOS is still used for some applications (special-purpose operating systems)
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What is firmware?
• combination of software and hardware - Computer chips that have data or programs
recorded on them are firmware- Firmware is software that is embedded in a piece of
hardware These chips commonly include the following:• ROMs (read-only memory) • PROMs (programmable read-only memory) • EPROMs (erasable programmable read-only
memory) - Firmware in PROM or EPROM - firmware upgrade to diskette and flash the BIOS Prepared By;
System and Application Software
• This diagram shows how the major system software interacts with applications in memory.
• System software comprises the programs that support the running of applications (operating system, DBMS, TP monitor and access methods).
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Binary code
• Code used in digital computers
• off and on / usually symbolized by 0 and 1
• A binary code signal is a series of electrical pulses that represent numbers, characters, and operations to be performed
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Bit
• BInary digiT • A binary digit • smallest element of computer storage • single digit in a binary number (0 or 1) • magnetic domain on disk or tape • The most common is the byte • made up of 8 bits and equivalent to one
alphanumeric character
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• (BInary digiT) The smallest element of computer storage.
• It is positive or negative magnetic spot on disk and tape and charged cell in memory.
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• transmitted as a pulse of high or low voltage • Speed is increased by making the transistors
open and close faster
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Software• Instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software is the entire
set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system, including the operating system.
• The term differentiates these features from hardware, the physical components of a computer system. Two main types of software are system software, which controls a computer's internal functioning, and application software, which directs the computer to execute commands that solve practical problems.
• A third category is network software, which coordinates communication between computers linked in a network. Software is written by programmers in any number of programming languages.
• This information, the source code, must then be translated by means of a compiler into machine language, which the computer can understand and act on.
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For more information
• visit Britannica.com. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Copyright ©
1994-2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
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