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Optimizing HP-UX for CATIA
A White Paper On Getting The Best PerformanceFrom Distributed CATIA On Your
HEWLETTPACKARD
HP 9000 Workstation
Revision 2.1
Prepared By:
Alfred P. TOUSSAINT, Jr.Technical Consulting Lab
Hewlett-Packard Company300 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824 U.S.A.
(508) 436-4541 FAX (508) 436-5142e-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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Optimizing HP-UX for CATIA
A White Paper On Getting The Best Performance
From Distributed CATIA On Your HP 9000 Workstation
HP Publication No. 0000-00000
Printed in USA July 1995
Revision 2.1
Legal Notices
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett- Packard makes no
warranty of any kind with regard to this material including but not limited to the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors
contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance or use of this
material.
Revision History:
Revision 1.0 7 March 1995
Revision 2.0 17 July 1995
Revision 2.1 19 July 1995
Copyright/Trademarks
All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
(c) Copyright 1995 Hewlett-Packard Co. All Rights Reserved.
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THE HEWLETT PACKARD\CATIA
ACCOUNT TEAM
Robert Abehassera Global Partner Manager
Computer Systems Organization
Robert joined Hewlett-Packard in 1979 as a system engineer. After
seven years in the Customer Software Support organization, he held
several management positions in the marketing of the Computer Systems
organization. He was responsible for the territory covering all of northern
France for commercial computer systems. After two years, he was given
the international responsibility for building strategic alliances and
relationships for HP's European Computer Systems Organization. One of
his most recent accomplishments was to establish the agreements withDassault Systemes and subsequently IBM-ETS on a global basis.
Two years ago he was promoted to the position of Hewlett-Packard Global
CATIA/CADAM Manager.
Robert is always in contact with each member of the HP CATIA/CADAM
network. He can be reached anytime at 011-49-7031-14-1001 box 7511.
Guy Bertrand Senior Consultant - Systems Architecture
Guy holds a degree in Management from the College Militaire Royale de
St-Jean and a degree in Computer Sciences from the Institut d'Informatique
du Quebec. Guy has held a variety of responsibilities in his fourteen
years of experience in the computer industry.
Guy is presently a member of HP's Strategic Accounts team. He isinvolved in projects that ensure transparent integration of CATIA on
Hewlett-Packard workstations in existing heterogeneous environments.
This includes network licensing, Native Language Support and
code pages, IUA/GII code migrations and system administration
issues. Guy is a member of COE's Software Quality Assurance (SQA)committee and he is actively involved in defining quality standards
in a multi-platform environment. For the past year Guy has worked
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at Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC) to bring up CATIA on their production
Hewlett-Packard workstations. Guy is working closely with PWC,
Dassault Systemes and IBM Engineering Technology Solutions (ETS)
to resolve issues being identified in the initial Customer Validation
Process (CVP) for the current CATIA releases. Guy helped PWC create
a seamless heterogeneous multi-platform CATIA environment.
Guy is located in Montreal and can be reached at (514)428-2014.
Phil Brayman Mechanical Design Product Manager
Phil has a Bachelors and Masters degree in Aerospace Engineering
from the University of Michigan. Phil Has been involved in the
CAD/CAMarena for many years. He held the position of applications
engineer at McDonald Douglas for several CAD/CAM systems.
Subsequently, Phil went to work for Boeing Airplane Company as
a Structural Analyst.
Phil's present responsibilities at Hewlett-Packard include supporting
the workstation group in the resolution of CATIA issues and concerns.
Phil is located in Fort Collins, Colorado and can be reached at
(303)229-4885.
Dennis Kelly U.S. Strategic Account Manager CATIA/CADAMSolutions.
Dennis, an Industrial Engineering graduate of the University of
Lowell has over 12 years experience in the CAD/CAM arena.
Dennis has Hewlett-Packard responsibility for CATIA/CADAM
customer satisfaction solutions.
Dennisis located in Burlington, Massachusetts and can be reached at
(617) 221-5092.
Alfred P. Touissant Jr.
Senior Consultant - Technical Consulting Laboratory
Alfred did his undergraduate work in electrical engineering with a
concentration in computer sciences and economics at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
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Alfred has been with the Hewlett-Packard Company for seven years as
a technical consultant to a number of HP's independent software vendors.
Prior to HP, Alfred was a development software engineer for
Computervision Corporation and worked on the user interface of what
is currently known as Parametric CADDS5.
During the last two years, Alfred has played the technical lead role for
the distributed CATIA port to the HP workstation line. In that capacity,
he worked with Dassault Systemes development engineers in Suresnes and
various development and support organizations at HP to insure full
functionality, well tuned and robust port of CATIA to the HP platform.
Additionally, Alfred worked closely with a number of the pilot sites world
wide in the implementation of CATIA/HP in their environments. Alfred
has delivered technical presentations on the subject of CATIA on HP to
I BM/ETS, CATIA distributors and CATIA customers in the United
States and Asia.
Alfred is located at Hewlett-Packard Co, 300 Apollo Dr,
Chelmsford, MA 01824.
Rod Wilson Solutions Marketing Manager
Mechanical Design Automation
Workstation Systems Division
Rod received a Bachelor of Science degree from Virginia Tech and a
Master of Science from Colorado State University. Since joining
Hewlett-Packard in 1985, Rod has held a variety of positions inworkstation business development and product marketing. Most
recently, he has been responsible for HP's strategic OEM program.
Prior to that responsibility, Rod worked for 2 years in Boeblingen,
Germany as the European Product Marketing Manager for workstations.
Rod's present responsibilities are focused on growing Hewlett-Packard's
leadership position in the Mechanical Design Automation market. Rod's
team is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the success of all of the
major mechanical software packages on Hewlett-Packard's family of
computer systems. With the addition of CATIA to its portfolio, HP
is the only company to offer all of the major mechanical softwarepackages on its computer systems. Rod and his team are focused on
ensuring the premier engineering environment for CATIA users.
Rod is located in Fort Collins, Colorado and can be reached at
(303)229-4360.
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1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 REVISION 2.X SUMMARY 1
3 COMPUTER-GRAPHICS AIDED THREE-DIMENSIONAL 2
INTERACTIVE APPLICATION
3.1 Background............................................... 2
3.2 Distributed Catia ........................................... 2
3.3 Host Catia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.4 Catia - Historical Sketch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.5 Catia Successes. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ 3
3.6 The Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................3
4 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRIBUTED 4
CATIA
4.1 Catia User Interfaces . .......................................
4
4.2 Distributed Catia Architecture ................................ 4
5 HP HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 5
5.1 Catia-Supported H-P Workstations . . . . ......................... 5
5.1.1 Low End Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... 6
5.1.2 Mid Range Systems . . . .................................. 6
5.1.3 High End Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 6
5.1.4 A Word On Legacy Hardware . ............................ 6
5.2 Impact Of Configuration Options. . . .
..........................
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5.3 C P U Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................ 7
5.4 Memory Considerations . . . . . . . . . . ...........................
7
5.5 Disk Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 7
5.5.1 Upgrade To Fast-Wide S C S I - I I. . ........................ 8
5.5.2 Distribute The Work Load Across Multiple Disks. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.5.3 Split Swap Space Across Two Disks ........................ 8
5.5.4 Enable Asynchronous I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ 8
5.6
Graphics Options ...........................................9
6 HP SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION 9
6.1 Operating Systems .......................................... 9
6.2Compilers ................................................. 9
7 HP GRAPHICS CONFIGURATION 10
7.1 Graphics Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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7.1.1 2-DGraphics Devices ...................................
7.1.2 3-DGraphics Devices ...................................
7.1.3 High End Graphics .....................................
7.1.4 Legacy Graphics Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . .....................
7.1.5 Workstation / Graphics Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . ................
7.2 Graphics Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................
7.2.1 Graphics A P I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2.2Powershade ..........................................
8 HP-UX PATCH / PTF REQUIREMENTS
8.1 Patches Needed For A H P - U X 9.05 System . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
8.1.1 Graphics Patches . . . . . . ................................
8.1.2 Kernel Patch ..........................................
8.2 Patches Needed For A H P - U X 9.07 System .
..................8.3 Compiler Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................
8.4 Miscellaneous Patches ......................................
8.5 How To Obtain H-P Patches . . . . .............................
8.6 How To Install Patches . . . . . . . ..............................
8.7 Special Instructions For Graphics Patch Installation .............
8.8 Catia Solutions Version 4.1.4 P T F/Patches For H-P .............
9 PERIPHERAL SUPPORT
9.1 Input Device Support. . . . . . . . .
.............................
9.2 Output Device Support . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................
10 HP KERNEL CONFIGURATION
10.1 Affected Parameters . .....................................
10.2 Configuring Kernel Parameters With Sam.....................
11 SWAP SPACE CONSIDERATION
11.1 Distributed Catia Swap Requirement . . . . . . . . . . ..............
11.2 Configuring Swap Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
11.3 Determining Swap Configuration ............................11.4 Determining Amount Of Swap Needed ........................
11.5 Configuring Device Swap On A Single Disk Drive System . . . . . . . .
11.6 Configuring Device Swap Across Multiple Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . .
11.7 Configuring File System Swap . . . . ..........................
12 SHARED LIBRARY CONSIDERATION
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12.1 Protection Id Trashing With Shared Libraries . . . . ............. 23
12.2 The S T E P L I B Environment Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
12.3 The S H L I B _P A T H Environment Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
12.4 Affected Kernel Parameters . . . . . . .......................... 24
13 LICENSE MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED CATIA ON 25
HP
13.1 Netls & Ifor/Ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. 25
13.2 License Management Scenarios . . ........................... 25
13.3 Heterogeneous License Management: H P-U X / A I X . . . . . . . . . . 25
14 CATIA PROGRAMIVIING DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 26
- GII/IUA
14.1 Introduction ............................................. 26
14.2 H-P Software Tool Requirements ............................ 26
14.3Example ................................................ 26
14.4 Debugging G I I And I U A Applications With Xdb .............. 27
14.5 Software Development Using Softbench . ..................... 28
14.5.1 Debugging With Softbench . . . . . ........................ 28
14.5.2 Using Softbench Performance Analyzer On The Shared .... 29
Modules ............................................
15 CATIA CODE PAGE AND NATIONAL LANGUAGE 30
SUPPORT
16 CATIA APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE PARTNERSHIP 31
16.1 C A A Partner List . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 31
16.2 Application Prerequisites On H-P ............................ 32
17 USE OF REMOTE X DISPLAY 32
17.1 Environment Variable Settings .............................. 32
17.2 Minimum Color Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 32
18 CATIA ADMINISTRATION 33
18.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 33
18.1.1 Hardware Prerequisite . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................
33
18.1.2 Software Prerequisite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
18.2 H P And Catia Installation Check List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
18.3 Packaging Catia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
18.3.1 Packaging Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
19 UNDERSTANDING MEMORY AND SWAP 36
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19.1 Memory Management . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19.2 Physical Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19.3 Secondary Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19.4Swap.................................................
19.5 Virtual Address Space . ..................................
19.5.1 Configurable Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19.5.2 Series 700 Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 PHYSICAL MEMORY VERSUS PERFORMANCE
20.1 Where Is The Memory Going ..............................
20.2 Determining Appropriate Physical Memory Size ..............
21 HP-UX CONFIGURATION
21.1 Kernel Configuration Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............
21.2 Maxdsiz And Its Affect On Memory. . .
......................
21.3 Parameters Which Affect I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............
21.4 Fast Link Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........
22 NETWORKING CONSIDERATIONS
22.1 Introduction ............................................
22.2 Rules To Live By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
22.3 The Sticky Bit .........................................
22.4 Network Management Tool ..............................
23 CATIA/HP CONFIGURATION CHECKLIST
23.1 H-P Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...............
23.2 Operating System . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......
23.3 Graphics Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..............
23.4 Graphics Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23.5 Compilers For Gii/Iua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23.6 H-P Patches/Ptfs .........................................
23.7 Swap Space .............................................
23.8 Memory Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . .
23.9 Kernel Requirements .....................................
24 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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1 INTRODUCTION
This white paper discusses the characteristics of the Distributed CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4
mechanical CAD application on Hewlett-Packard workstations and how to configure the workstation for
optimal application performance. The intended audience include CATIA users newly exposed to the HP
workstation environment, HP users who need an exposure to the Distributed CATIA implementation onHP, IT professionals needing a focused introduction to the HP environment for Distributed CATIA, and
HP and CATIA support engineers who need to understand the requirements of Distributed CATIA on HP
and how best to configure the HP workstation for optimal application performance. A detailed table of
content is provided to facilitate quick access to needed information. To
get a jump start in running Distributed CATIA on HP, go directly to the "CATIA/HP Configuration
Checklist" chapter at the end of this document
2REVISION 2.X SUMMARY
The main driving force for Revision 2.X of this white paper is to provide information on the support and
requirement for running CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 on the new HP-UX 9.07 operating system, and the
expanded workstation and graphics subsystem products introduced by Hewlett-Packard in June 1995.
Additionally, the hardware and graphics configuration chapters were reorganized to be more meaningful
to the CATIA MCAD user. The HP-UX patch chapter was renamed to include the more familiar Program
Temporary Fix term, and reorganized to delineate CATIA-required patches/PTFs for HP-UX 9.05 and
those required for HP-UX 9.07 - NONE. A code page chapter was added to inform users of procedures to
move CATIA models from the IBM 850 format to the ISO-8859-1 format required for CATIA/HP, and the
tools provided by CATIA in this area. Finally at the request and with the assistance of key customers, the
CATIA/HP configuration checklist chapter was reorganized and expanded to provide a quick overview of
setting up the HP environment for Distributed CATIA.
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COMPUTER-GRAPHICS AIDED THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTIVE
APPLICATION
3.1 Background
Computer-graphics Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application was born out a team ofengineers and mathematicians from Dassault Aviation in France in the mid-70's. It has since grown
be the MDA tool of choice in the aerospace and automotive industries. In the early 80's, Dassault
Systemes was incorporated with R&D responsibility for CATIA, with IBM handling the sales and
support responsibilities. In addition to its traditional IBM platforms of mainframe (MVS or VM) arc
workstations (RS6000/AIX) CATIA is now delivered on the HP workstation platforms.
3.2 Distributed Catia
This is the UNIX workstation version of CATIA. It has been available on the IBM RS/6000 for severs
years under AIX. Distributed CATIA is the version that has been ported to the HP workstation famil
It provides the same core functionality as mainframe CATIA, yet is distinct in its exploitation of
workstation features such as greater graphics functionality, MOTIF user interface, and some new
application modules delivered exclusively on the workstations. Clearly, Distributed CATIA is thestrategic direction of DS, IBM, and CATIA customers.
3.3 Host Catia
Host CATIA refers to the CATIA application running on an IBM mainframe, in one of two operating
system flavors: IBM/MVS and IBM/VM. The overwhelming majority of sites run MVS. A very few
Peugeot-Citroen among them, run the VM environment. There are four key points to be made here:
1 CATIA historically is a mainframe-based application. Most users are still on the mainframe.
Due to superior price/performance, client/server, and flexibility advantages of workstations
over host-based systems, there is a concerted effort to migrate the CATIA installed base to
Distributed CATIA.
2 Many of the design engineers migrating from host CATIA are new to the UNIX and HP
workstation environment.
3 Supporting these customers will by and large take more effort than say supporting a
UNIX-based customer migrating from another WS vendor to HP. Up front and on-going
technical support has a major effect on how Distributed CATIA on HP is perceived.
4 These users are hungry for some of the sophisticated application development tools
(Softbench) and client/server tools (Openview) available in the UNIX world. We have seen
this at a number of the pilot sites testing Distributed CATIA on HP.
3.4 Catia - Historical Sketch
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* Mid 70's - Outside of Paris, a small group of Dassault Aviation mathematicians and engineers decided
to put their powerful mechanical design algorithms into programs running on their mainframe,
* Early 80's - In light of the internal success of this software program, Mr. Marcel Dassault agreed to
spin off the mechanical design software group at Dassault Aviation into a subsidiary. Dassault
Systemes was born. CATIA would be delivered to IBM/MVS and IBM/VM mainframe customers.
* Early 90's - CATIA is delivered on its first UNIX platform, the RS/6000 workstation as Distributed
CATIA to provide new graphics functionality, and to broaden the use of CATIA among existing
host-based accounts and smaller customers. Dassault Systemes acquires CADAM from IBM and
establishes Dassault Systemes of America as the R&D wing for the CADAM and ProCADAM products.
* Early 1993 - CATIA Solutions Version 4 was released with significant new capabilities with a
statement of direction for Distributed CATIA on multiple platform.
* 7 March 1995 - CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 is announced at Daratech with support for Hewlett
Packard graphics engineering workstations as the first non-IBM platform, providing existing and new
CATIA users an additional platform choice and the full array of HP workstation products.
3.5 Catia Successes
CATIA serves a number of key industries including aerospace; automotive, consumer electronics, ship
building, heavy industries, and is installed at a number of the major accounts. With the successful
launch of its new LH-series car line, Chrysler is fast becoming the model, for other CATIA users across
industries and even to its competitors in the automotive industry, of a company focused on optimizing
its processes with CATIA as the master part description for all product design, development, and
pre-assembly. Boeing, in what is being described as the biggest CAD project ever, set a new
precedence in the aerospace industry by using 100% digital mock-up to design and pre-assemble the
new 777 jetliner [See COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING - August 1994]. Likewise Dassault Aviation
is developing total electronic mock-up of its next generation Rafale jet fighter. Bypassing expensive
and time consuming physical mock up has been a goal for a number of large manufacturers
world-wide. Not many mechanical CAD applications can be configured to provide the level of
enterprise-wide, mature infrastructure necessary to support this goal. The fact that CATIA continues
to play a leading role in these successes testifies to its robustness as a mechanical design tool, and to
the depth and breadth of its capabilities.
3.6 The Port
Itwas inevitable that the leading enterprise-wide mechanical design tool supplier would join rank
with the leading hardware vendor in the mechanical design automation market. What is remarkable,
but not surprising is the fidelity and robustness of the Distributed CATIA product on HP. The
Distributed CATIA port to Hewlett-Packard workstations has seen an unprecedented level of
cooperation between the HP and DS technical teams. A number of existing and new CATIA customer
sites played a vital role in the qualification and certification of Distributed CATIA Solutions Version
4.1.4 on HP during a seven-month pre-release phase. Key members of HP's Professional Services
Organization played an equally valuable role in ensuring these early test customers got the best
technical support on the newest Distributed CATIA platform.
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4 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS QF DISTRIBUTED CATIA
4.1 Catia User Interfaces
CATIA is available as:
*5080 CATIA which runs on the mainframe and is displayed on a 5080 terminal or on aworkstation running a terminal emulator package (including Spectragraphics'
5080 emulator for the HP S700)
* graPHIGS CATIA which runs and is displayed on the RS/6000, and
* Motif CATIA which runs and is displayed on both the RS/6000 and the HP.S700
HP-PHIGS is used as the underlying graphics API for Distributed CATIA on HP. Dassault emphasizes
the concept of "Single System Image" to describe the 100% functional equivalence of the various CATIA
interfaces. Once launched, a user sees the same CATIA interface and behavior pattern across the
different platforms and architectures.
4.2 Distributed Catia Architecture
Whereas many applications vendors are just beginning to release shared library versions of theirapplications after years of building one large executable with a host of binary and script files,
Dassault Systemes has architected Distributed CATIA into some 3,000 shared libraries also known as
modules. These reside in directory $CATIA/code/steplib where $CATIA is the installation directory.
There are clear advantages to such a shared library architecture, but there are also special challenges
which the workstation system faces as a result of this architecture. Refer to the Shared library
Consideration section of this document for specific steps which must be taken to ensure optimum HP
performance.
The ton level directories of Distributed CATIA and their contents include:
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5 HP HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
The HP workstation family is powereded by HP's Precision Architecture RISC or PA-RISC chips. HP
offers a broad range of products with varying CPU performance, memory, disk, and graphics capabilities.
The reason so many workstation products are available is to provide the customer the flexibility to
choose the most cost effective hardware solution to run the mechanical CAD application. Figure 1 belowpositions HP's current workstation product line according to the intended usage.
Figure 1
5.1 Catia-Supported H-P Workstations
CATIA users on HP can select a variety of workstation models. What follows is a quick description
of these models and their capabilities. A matrix of these workstations and their supported graphics
configurations is shown in Figure 3, found later in this document.
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5.1.1 Low End Systems
This category includes the Model 712 in its 60, and 80 Mhz configurations. The Mhz number
suggests progressively higher compute performance. The Envizex X-terminal is also in this
category but users are cautioned that with X-terminals running off of another workstation, compute
and graphics performance of Distributed CATIA could be significantly lower than on that
workstation. The 712 has only one graphics option - the 8-plane integrated color.
5.1.2 Mid Range Systems
The new 712/100 by virtue of its speed, the model 715 with the 64 and 80 Mhz configurations, by
virtue of their graphics expandability, and the 715/100 Mhz fill the mid-range space.
5.1.3 High End Systems
The new S715/100XC with a large cache, the 735/125, the J200 (100Mhz) and J210 (120Mhz) make
up the high end of the HP workstation line.
5.1.4 A Word On Legacy Hardware
Distributed CATIA Solutions Version 4.14 supports the set of workstation products outlined in
Figure 1 above. There is often questions from HP users about support for older models of the S700
line. It is worth noting that while some effort is expanded by Dassault (from the application
perspective) and H-P (from the operating system level) to provide support for legacy H-P
workstations, these legacy models are not actively used in developing, running, and testing of
CATIA. Moreover users with the 705, 710, 720, 730, 715/33 715/50, and 715/75 models running CRX
and CRX24 graphics are likely to be disappointed that these older configurations do not provide the
breadth of performance capabilities available in current H-P offerings. The legacy graphics devices
PVRX and TVRX are not supported by Distributed CATIA.
5.2 Impact Of Configuration Options
A heavily configured high-end workstation may be underutilized if it used to solve relatively small,simple problems. On the other hand, an inexpensive low-end system may have unacceptable response
time if it is used to do hidden line removal on large models. Selecting the most cost effective
Distributed CATIA seat requires careful matching of the customer's usage patterns and the hardware
options which ideally suits these patterns.
At least four components directly affect the performance of your Distributed CATIA seat. These are:
CPU Speed
Memory Size
Disk Size
Graphics options
While all these hardware areas are important, it is equally important to configure a balanced system. It
is counterproductive to buy the fastest CPU and configure it with insufficient memory. You might get
better performance and throughput with a slower, less expensive, CPU with the difference in price
invested in more memory. The large number of system variables, combined with their interaction,
complicates the task of selecting the most cost/performance effective configuration for all usage
patterns. The best way to select appropriate hardware configurations is to perform benchmark tests
that duplicate the intended use of the system as closely as possible. With relevant benchmark data in
hand, the customer has the information needed to make intelligent tradeoff decisions on the
cost/performance benefits of the available hardware options. A discussion of the four components
follows.
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5.3 C P U Speed
Almost all operations performed on engineering data require a large number of floating point and
integer calculations. CPU speed is the most important performance factor for executing large number
of calculations. If an operation takes five seconds, is it worth spending an extra $5,000 for a faster
CPU so the operation can be done in three seconds? Would the added expense be more justifiable if
the faster CPU reduces a five-hour operation to three hours? What if the operation is done several
times a day rather than once a month? When evaluating CPU performance, a priority list should be
generated to identify the tasks pertinent to the customer's design process and their relative
importance, frequency, and impact on overall productivity.
Tasks that are most affected by CPU performance are those that involve more computation than disk
access or graphics display. Some examples are:
Mass Properties
Elfini Solver
Boolean Operations
Finite Element Analysis
While the graphics performance on HP systems will scale with the CPU performance, the mostimportant criteria for CPU performance is on non-graphic, computational operations. This should be
kept in mind when evaluating systems for use with Distributed CATIA. In order to achieve satisfactory
performance, it is essential to match the CPU to the task to be performed.
5.4 Memory Considerations
The minimum memory requirement for Distributed CATIA is 32MB. The recommended minimum is
64MB or more. The amount of memory needed is directly related to the size of the model data you
need to work with. HP-UX is a virtual memory operating system. This means that the maximum
amount of memory available to Distributed CATIA is determined by the amount of swap space
configured and not by the amount of physical memory. Inadequate memory, or RAM, will not prevent
Distributed CATIA from running but will have a serious negative impact on performance. Memory
management is a complex topic. Memory, its relationship to swap space, and its effect on performanceare discussed in more detail in the section Understanding Memory and Swap later in this document.
5.5 Disk Considerations
All installed products of Distributed CATIA consume approximately 250 MB. A minimum of 40MB of
user data space is recommended, as is a minimum swap of 264MB, totaling a minimum disk
requirement for 554MB. The installation of the CATIA on-line documentation on disk may consume an
additional 340MB with the graphic format, or 100MB with the alphanumeric format.
Adding the operating system size to that total, a system equipped with just a 1 GB disk is barely
adequate to run Distributed CATIA.
Distributed CATIA model files and assemblies are stored on disk and can be quite large. For this
reason, disk 1/O is the bottleneck in several Distributed CATIA operations, particularly during
read/open part and save/close part operations. When a part is loaded, the entire model file, or all the
model files belonging to an assembly, must be read from the disk and loaded into memory. Increasing
CPU performance has minimal impact on the time necessary for these operations. Since swap space is
actually system memory that is stored on disk, disk I/O performance can affect swap performance as
well. Disk 1/O performance is most significant when working with very large models or assemblies.
HP's philosophy is to design balanced systems in which no component becomes a performance
bottleneck. HP has made significant enhancements to 1/O performance needed to keep pace with the
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breakneck speed of our CPUs. I/O performance depends on several parts of the system working
together efficiently. The I/O subsystems have been redesigned so as to offer the industry's fastest and
most functional I/O subsystems as standard equipment, including fast-wide SCSI-II. There are several
things that can be done to improve disk I/O performance:
5.5.1 Upgrade To Fast-Wide S C S I - II.
The fast-wide SCSI-II bus has a burst transfer rate of 20 MB / second, compared to 5 MB / second
for single-ended SCSI-II bus. The single disk data transfer rate for a 1.0 GB single-ended SCSI-II
disk is 2.7MB/sec, versus 3.5MB/sec for fast-wide SCSI-II. Fast-wide SCSI-II is currently only
supported on the model 735/755 workstations.
5.5.2 Distribute The Work Load Across Multiple Disks.
Disk I/O performance can be improved by distributing data across multiple disks. In a single disk
configuration, a single drive must handle operating system access, Distributed CATIA software
access, memory swap, and part file access simultaneously. If these different tasks can be
distributed across multiple disks then the job can be shared providing subsequent performance
improvements. For example, a workstation might be configured with three disk drives. The HP-UX
operating system and Distributed CATIA software would reside on one disk, swap space on thesecond, and the model files on the third.
Another way to distribute the disk workload is with an HP-UX feature called Software Disk
Striping. SDS groups disks into arrays and allows you to distribute a single file system across
multiple disks while allowing the data on the disks to be managed as if occupying a single disk.
Distribution of the file system across multiple disk devices allows them to work in tandem and
provides much better performance for I/O intensive operations than a single disk.
5.5.3 Split Swap Space Across Two Disks
Device swap space can be interleaved, or distributed across two disks. This will improve
performance when memory is swapped to or from disk. This is discussed in more detail in the
section on Swap Space Configuration later in this document.
5.5.4 Enable Asynchronous I/O
By default HP-UX uses synchronous disk I/O. This means that any file-system activity must
complete to the disk before the program is allowed to continue; the process does not regain control
until completion of the physical I/O (regardless of whether the I/O is user data or operating-system
data). When HP-UX writes to disk synchronously, I/O is scheduled at some later time and the
process regains control immediately, without waiting.
Synchronous writes ensure file system integrity in case of system crash, but this kind of disk
writing also impedes system performance. Run-time performance increases significantly (up to
roughly ten percent) on I/O intensive applications when all disk writes occur synchronously; little
effect is seen for compute-bound processes. However, if a system using asynchronous disk writescrashes, recovery might require system-administrator intervention usingfsckand might also cause
data loss. You must determine whether the improved performance is worth the slight risk of data
loss in the event of a system crash.
Asynchronous I/O is enabled by setting the value of the kernel parameterfs_async to l and
disabled by setting it to 0, the default. For instructions on how to configure kernel parameters, see
the section Kernel Configuration Parameters l ater in this document.
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5.6 Graphics Options
CATIA has built a solid reputation as a 3D graphics intensive mechanical CAD application. CATIA
users increasingly like working with solid models and expect fast graphics performance from their
system. Refer to the HP GRAPHICS CONFIGURATION section for a full discussion of the graphics
offering and configuration for Distributed CATIA on HP.
6 HP SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION
6.1 Operating Systems
Distributed CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 now runs on two HP operating system levels - HP-UX 9.05
and HP-UX 9.07.
1 HP-UX 9.05 - This version of the operating system was launched in May 1994. Distributed
CATIA on HP was built and has been certified on HP-UX 9.05.
2 HP-UX 9.07 - This version of the operating system was introduced in July 1995 to support a
number of new HP hardware and graphics offerings. These new models are the 712/100,715/100XC, the J-class, and the Visualize-8, -24, and -48 graphics devices. HP-UX 9.07 also
runs the older systems. CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 has been successfully certified on
HP-UX 9.07 and the new hardware options.
6.2 Compilers
Distributed CATIA is built using the HP FORTRAN, C, C++ compilers. The FORTRAN compilerversion is:
% what /lib/ccom
/lib/ccom:
HP92453-01 A.09.69 HP C Compiler
HP-UX SLLIC/OPTIMIZER UX.09.18.04 (BCK_UX _9.0_BL04): Fri 08/19/94
High Level Optimizer - UX.09.16.01 (+02) built Mon Aug 22 15:56:20 PDT 1994
Ucode Code Generator - UX.09.18.04 (BCK_UX_9.0 BL04) - Fri 94/08/19
The C++ compiler version is:
what /usr/bin/CC
/usr/bin/CC:
HP C++ B2402 A.03.55
NOTE: In order to execute CATIA 4.1.4 on HP, these compilers are not needed. If however the user
is developing G11 or IUA applications, at least the FORTRAN compiler would be needed to compile
and link the GII/IUA modules. See section on GII/IUA.
9
% what /usr/lib/f77pass1
/usr/lib/f77pass1:
HP-UX SLLIC/OPTIMIZER UX.09.18.02 (BL02): Wed 06/21/94
HP-UX FORTRAN/9000 940620.1933 (patch PHSS_4360) B2408A/B2409B 09.16
High Level Optimizer - HP-UX 9.0 DART 16 (+02) built Thu May 1211:29:28 PDT 1994Ucode Code Generator - UX.09.18.03 (BCK_UX_9.0_BL02) - Tue 94/06/21
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7 _ HP GRAPHICS CONFIGURATION
7.1 Graphics Hardware
Graphics display performance is very important for an interactive graphics application such as
Distributed CATIA. HP offers a wide range of graphics options, from the CRX line, to the HCRX line,
and the new Visualize-8, -24, and the top of the line Visualize-48. Figure 2 below shows the graphics
devices supported by Distributed CATIA and their intended use. For a matrix of HP workstations and
their supported graphics options for CATIA, see Figure 3 at the end of this chapter.
7.1.1 2-D Graphics Devices
Figure 2
2-D graphics cards are usually equipped with 8 image planes and generally used for wireframe/
drawing/drafting activities in Distributed CATIA. In this category, the following cards are available:
I Integrated Color Graphics - This is an 8-bit. (256 color) display that is built into the
workstation's motherboard. It. provides excellent vector performance, faster than many
vendors optional accelerated graphics, and also accelerates the Graphical User Interface. It
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features HP Color Recovery, a patented display technology that simulates 24 bit color. This
display is adequate for low-end 2D or 3D use with small drawing and/or model files, and is
available on the 712 and 715 models.
2 HCRX-8 and HCRX-24 - The HCRX graphics accelerator is an EISA card internal to the CPU
cabinet. It provides additional X-Windows graphics acceleration (approximately 50%) and
vector display acceleration (approximately 2X) over integrated color graphics. It is good forperformance-oriented 2D use. It is also good for 3D use when working primarily in wireframe
mode and there is no requirement for dynamic rotation of shaded images for visualization.
The HCRX-24 provides 24 bit color (16.7 million colors). Utilizing Color Recovery, however,
the HCRX-8 provides about 8 million colors and is probably adequate for many MCAD
graphics uses. These cards are available on the 715 and J-Class workstations.
3 Color Graphics Card - Another low cost 2D 8-plane card for the J-Class workstations.
The software graphics accelerator Powershade is recommended to enhance the image quality,
shading and lighting calculations on these boards. See Powershade in the Graphics Software
Configuration section.
7.1.2 3-D Graphics Devices
Designers working with shaded models and solids will find the faster graphics and better image
quality of the following devices of interest:
1 HCRX-8Z / HCRX-24Z - These products add hardware Z-buffer, in the form of a daughter
card, to the HCRX-8/24 providing acceleration of 3D shaded images. While the 3D vector
performance is the same as the HCRX-8/24, the Z daughter card is essential for dynamic
rotation of 3D shaded images for design visualization purposes. The HCRX-8Z has the same
color limitations as the HCRX-8 above, and its performance is the same as the HCRX-24Z.
However the HCRX-24Z delivers superior visual quality. The full Hyper CRX line is available
on the 715 and J-Class workstations.
2 Visualize-8 /Visualize-24 -These cards are similar to the HCRX-8Z and HCRX-24Z,
respectively, but significantly faster graphics -1.5X to 3.5X the HCRX line. They are available
on the 715 and J-Class workstations.
7.1.3 High End Graphics
This category is suitable for graphics intensive activities requiring a high degree of photo-realism
and smooth dynamics of large number of complex shaded objects.
1 CRX-48Z - The CRX48Z comes in a separate box. It has two 24 bit hardware Z-buffers with
the capability to do double-buffered rotations of 24 bit shaded images. This means that each
new view of the image is created in the off-screen buffer and then flashed onto the screen all
at once. This provides smoother rotations on larger models. The 48Z is supported on the 715
100 & 100XC, the 735, and J-Class workstations.
2 Visualize-48 - This is the top of the line graphics device which runs 2 to 3.5X the speed of the
CRX-48Z. It is available on the J-Class.
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7.1.4 Legacy Graphics Cards
See note on legacy hardware in the hardware configuration section of this document.
7.1.5 Workstation / Graphics Matrix
Figure 3 below shows the range of workstations and graphics devices supported by Distributed
CATIA on HP.
Figure 3
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7.2 Graphics Software
7.2.1 Graphics A P I
The Hewlett-Packard graphics application programming interface uses in Distributes CATIA is
HP-PHIGS. The customer must obtain HP-PHIGS Version 3.0, product number B2364E, to run
Distributes CATIA. The operating system running on the workstation, HP-UX 9.05 or 9.07, must be
specifies when ordering this product.
7.2.2 Powershade
The HCRX-8Z/-24Z, CRX48Z, and Visualize-8/24/48 all contain a hardware Z buffer that is uses to
i mprove performance of shaded images. Powershade comes bundled with systems configures with
Z-buffer graphics hardware. To generate a shaded view, the surface of the model object must be
tessellated, or broken up into a mesh of small triangles. These triangles are sorted bases on their Z
value. Triangles that are closer to the viewing plane are sorted to the front, and triangles further
away are sorted to the back. This sorting can be implemented in software or hardware. Since a
complex object may have hundreds of thousands, or even millions of triangles, this operation can
be very time consuming when done in software. On a system with a graphics accelerator, the
triangles are loaded into the hardware Z-buffer, a form of physical memory, and sorted by a built-inhardware algorithm. This is extremely fast, almost instantaneous for most images.
Powershade simulates a hardware Z buffer in software. While not as fast as a hardware
i mplementation, it is nonetheless significantly faster than conventional software sorts. On a system
without hardware graphics boards, Powershade accelerates shading and lighting calculations.
Powershade is highly recommended for Distributes CATIA on all HP graphic boards.
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5 HP-UX PATCH / _ PTF REQUIREMENTS
"PTF" in CATIA parlance is synonymous to "patch" in HP parlance. As CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4
supports two HP-UX operating systems, the patches required are based on the operating system running
on your workstation. The rest of this chapter provides detail on the patch mechanism and the relevant OS
information.
8.1 Patches Needed For A H P - U X 9.05 System
8.1.1 Graphics Patches
The HP-UX graphics patches for Distributed CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 were released in the
February Periodic Patch. These are:
/hp-ux_patches/s700/9.X/PHSS 5100 - (Starbase Core Run-time) and
/hp-ux-patches/s700/9.X/PHSS_5104 - (HP-PHIGS Run-time)
As of mid -July 1995, patch PHSS_5100 has been superseded by patch PHSS_5450. This patch can
be used in place of PHSS_5100. Note that CATIA/HP customers need only the run-time version of
HP-PHIGS, thus only the run-time versions of these patches are needed to run Distributed CATIA.
This rule applies to customers who develop CATIA/GII/IUA customized applications as well. To
verify the that these patches are installed, execute the what command on two libraries. You shouldget the following results (or subsequent revisions):
/useres/mr_t 16=> what /usr/lib/libsb.sl/usr/lib/libphigs.sl
/usr/lib/libsb.sl:
GRAPHICS CORE R905_P5 BRANCH 950210libsb.sl $Revision: 510.1.200.1$
PHSS_5099/5100 February 95 Starbase/CORE Periodic Patch
GRAPHICS CORE R905_P5 BRANCH 950210libsga $Revision: 510.1.200.12 $
PHSS_5099/5100 February 95 Starbase/CORE Periodic Patch
GRAPHICS CORE R905_P5 BRANCH 950210libsb2.a $Revision: 510.1.200.3 $
PHSS_5099/5100 February 95 Starbase/CORE Periodic Patch
GRM Library HP-UX 8.0 A.01 Protocol PROTO_VER FILE VERSION
/usr/lib/libphigs.sl:
180.2 01/30/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_4253/PHSS 4254
180.2 01/30/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_4559/PHSS 4560
180.2 01/30/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_4908/PHSS_4909
180.2 01/30/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_5103/PHSS_5104180.2 01/30/95 HP-PHIGS 3.20 on HP-UX
For customers who purchase the HP-PHIGS development bundle, the development versions of the
above patches should be applied. They are:
/hp-ux-patches/s700/9.X/PHSS_5099 - (Starbase Core Development)
/hp-ux_patches/s700/9.X/PHSS_5103 - (HP-PHIGS Development)
Be sure to follow the " Special Instructions For Graphics Patch Installation" section below.
8.1.2 Kernel Patch
The following kernel patch is recommended to fix memory map and NFS performance problems:
/hp-ux-patches/s700/9.X/PHKL_5165 or its successor.
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8.2 Patches Needed For A H P - U X 9.07 System
NO HP-UX patches are necessary to run Distributed CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 on 9.07! The above
patches for 9.05 were incorporated into the 9.07 core graphics software, the 9.07 kernel, and the 9.07
HP-PHIGS product. To verify the right set of graphics revision is on your system, execute the
following command and check your output against this:
% what /usr/lib/libsb.sl/usr/lib/libphigs.sl
/usr/lib/libsb.sl:GRAPHICS CORE R907 BRANCH 950526 libsb.sl $Revision: 530.1.100.3 $
GRAPHICS CORE R907 BRANCH 950526 libsb2.a $Revision: 530.1.100.1 $
GRM Library HP-UX 8.0 A.01 Protocol PROTO_VER FILE VERSION
GRAPHICS CORE R907 BRANCH 950526 libpi $Revision: 530.1.100.4 $
GRAPHICS CORE R907 BRANCH 950526 libsga $Revision: 530.1.100.2 $
/usr/lib/libphigs.sl:
180.5 05/12/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_4253/PHSS_4254
180.5 05/12/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_4559/PHSS_4560
180.5 05/12/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_4908/PHSS_4909
180.5 05/12/95 HP-PHIGS PATCH PHSS_5103/PHSS_5104
180.5 05/12/95 HP-PHIGS 3.20 on HP-UX
/usr/lib/libsb.sl is part of the core graphics distributed with the HP-UX 9.07 operating system.
/usr/lib/libphigs.sl is part of the PHIGS 3.0 product for HP-UX 9.07.
8.3 Compiler Patches
The HP patches which contains the recommended version of the compilers are:
FORTRAN: PHSS-4360 and PHSS-4664 and
C: PHSS-4637
or their successors. Note these patches are needed only if you have the compilers for GII/IUA use.
8.4 Miscellaneous Patches
There are a number of patches whichcan be applied to a Distributed CATIA seat. These patches,
while not necessary to run Distributed CATIA, may provide fixes to problems found at a particular
site. Hewlett-Packard periodically releases patch bundles which provide fixes to a variety of
customer-reported problems. Contact your support personnel for more information.
8.5 How To Obtain H-P Patches
In North America, contact 1-800-637-7740 for more information. HP patches are available in the
World Wide Web at URL http://support.mayfield.hp.com. Otherwise contact your local support
representative.
8.6 How To Install Patches
Patches are delivered in a file known as a shell archive. When the archive is extracted, two files are
created, an ASCU text file containing a description of the patch and the defects it corrects, and a
binary file containing the patch itself in Update format. For example, to extract the files for patch
PHSS_4073:
Copy or extract the patch file to /tmp.
Go to /tmp:
$ cd /tmp
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Unpack the patch to extract the text and update files:
$ sh PHSS 4073
PHSS_4073.text and PHSS_4073.updt
As root, run the HP-UX update program:
$ su# /etc/update
On the first update screen select:
Change Source or Destination->
On the next screen select:
From Tape Device to Local System ...
Enter the source of the update:
Tape Device File: (source): /tmp/PHSS_4073.updt
Press:
F4, DONE
Select:
Select All Filesets on the Source Media ->
When prompted to load, enter:
The patch will be installed. Note that some patches require a system reboot. Carefully read the text
file before installing any patch, and backup your system. If you are unsure of the implications, call
your HP Support Center.
8.7 Special Instructions For Graphics Patch Installation
A patch may not be installed completely if a binary component of that patch is "in use" by the system.
Care should be taken when installing the graphics patches so as to minimize this type of clashing. You
will see the following error in an incomplete installation:
/lib/dld.sl: Unresolved symbol: _hpp_wideline control (code) from /usr/lib/libphigs.slThis is a common problem found with new Distributed CATIA installation on HP. Care should be
taken to avoid the problem. One effective way is to make sure neither X11 nor VUE are running during
the patch installation:
1 Log out
2 At the login prompt, select Options / No Windows
3 Login as root into the alphanumeric terminal.
4 Follow the patch installation above.
8.8 Catia Solutions Version 4.1.4 P T F/Patches For H-P
Customers should contact their CATIA service representative.
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9 PERIPHERAL SUPPORT
9.1 Input Device Support
Distributed CATIA has been certified on both HP-HIL- and serial-connected hardware input devices.
Support for both HP-HIL and IBM PS/2 keyboards are available with CATIA on HP. The following two
input devices are required for Distributed CATIA:
1 Three-button mouse or graphics tablet (A4364A, ...)
2 Alphanumeric keyboard - Specific keyboard may be required for National Language Support
A customer can use the following optional devices when running Distributed CATIA on HP:
1 9-knob dial box (46085A or A4362A)
2 32-button box (46086A or A4363A)
3 Spaceball (A4360A)
9.2 Output Device Support
Distributed CATIA provides drivers for a number of plotter languages. These include:
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IBM-GL
Calcomp C907H P - G L / 2
OCE Graphics GPR50
Versatec VCGL
Versatec VRF
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10 HP KERNEL CONFIGURATION
10.1 Affected Parameters
The values of the following operating system kernel parameters need to reflect the Distributed CATIA
requirements:
1 maxdsiz -The maximum data segment size value needs to be set to at least 256MB.
2 maxtsiz - The maximum stack size segment value needs to be set to at least 128MB.
3 nfile - The maximum number of open files value needs to be set to 3300
4 ninode - The maximum number of open inodes value needs to be set to 3250
10.2 Configuring Kernel Parameters With Sam
To configure kernel parameters with SAM, follow these steps.
1 Login to the system as root.
2 Start the SAM system administration tool by typing the command: sam
3 With the mouse, click on the Kernel Configuration line in the listbox and then click on the
Open button.
4 On the next screen, click on Configurable Parameters and then Open.
5 SAM will display a screen with a list of all configurable parameters and their current and
pending values. Scroll to the parameter you want to change, for example maxdsiz, and click
on it. Then click on theActions selection on the menu bar and selectModify Configurable
Parameters... on the sub-menu.
6 SAM will display a form showing the existing value and a calculated value. The existing value
is in hexadecimal format. If you are not proficient at converting hexadecimal numbers, simply
enter a new value and pressRETURN. The Calculated Value is displayed in decimal format.
Once you have the value you want, click on the OK button.
7 Look at the Pending Value column and make sure that the new value is displayed there.
Sometimes SAM doesn't accept the new value and you may have to repeat step 6. Repeat
steps 5 and 6 for each parameter you wish to change.
8 Click on theActions selection on the menu bar and select Create A New Kernel. A
confirmation window will be displayed warning you that a reboot is required. Click on YES toproceed.
9 SAM will build the new kernel and then display a form with two options:
Move Kernel Into Place and Reboot the System Now
Exit Without Moving the Kernel Into PlaceIf you select the first option and then click on OK, the new kernel will be moved into place
and the system will be automatically rebooted.
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11 SWAP SPACE CONSIDERATION
11.1 Distributed Catia Swap Requirement
HP-UX requires the reservation of enough swap space for each running process so that all processes
can be swapped out simultaneously in case of heavy memory usage. Since read-only text pages (code)
are never swapped out, only the data area needs to be taken into account when determining swaprequirement. With maxdsiz set to 256 MB, a minimum of 264 MB of additional swap space (256 +
8Mbytes for stack ) is recommended for CATIA. Working with larger models may require larger values
for swap and maxdsiz.
11.2 Configuring Swap Space
For best performance, device swap is more efficient then file system swap. The ideal configuration is
device swap interleaved on two disks. When device swap is interleaved, the system alternates between
the two disks as swap is used providing better performance than a single disk.
11.3 Determining Swap Configuration
To see how much swap space is configured on your system, and how much is in use, execute thecommand:
/etc/swapinfo -t
You must be root to execute this command. This is because swapinfo must open the kernel memory
file /dev/kmem to read the swap usage information so you must have appropriate privileges to this file.
Since this is a critical Operating System file, access is usually restricted to root only.
swapinfo will display information similar to the following:
This information from swapinfo -t shows this system is configured with a total of 76,559KB of device
swap and 20,480KB of file system swap. The device swap is configured with a priority of 0 and the file
system swap with a priority of 1. This means that device swap will be used until it is all consumed and
then file system swap will be used.
Many people make the mistake of using the swapinfo command without the "-t" option. This option
adds the total line at the bottom. If you look at this example, the percent used on the top line is only
13%, but on the bottom total line, it is 45%. To determine the amount of swap used, and the remaining
available, you must take into account the amount of swap onhold.
HP-UX plans ahead by reservingswap space each time a process (program) is started even though it is not used and may not even be
needed. This ensures there is adequate swap space to swap out the process in the event it becomes
necessary.
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11.6 Configuring Device Swap Across Multiple Disk Drives
The instructions below pertain to a system where swap is to be configured on two disks - the root disk
and a second local disk. The instructions would need to be slightly modified for more disks. Creating
an SDS (software disk striping) array is yet another way to add device swap across multiple disks. For
best device swap performance across two disks, there are two guidelines:
1 Both drives should have priority 0 - in this case, the system will alternate between the two
drives as swap is consumed. This is known as interleaved swap. This provides better swap
performance since the disk I/O is spread across two physical devices.
2 Both swap areas in an interleaved configuration should be of the same size.
Note that when device swap is to be added to a disk, a new file system is created on that disk. Thus if
the second disk was previously in use, make sure that its content is backed up. To create the second
device swap area, do as follow:
1 Create swap area on root disk by following instructions for one-drive configuration above.
2 Prepare the second disk by insuring it is unmounted and properly connected to the CPU.
3 Start the SAM system administration tool by typing the command: sam
4 Click on theDisks and File Systems-> item in the list box and then click on the Open button.
b Click on CD-ROM, Floppy, and Hard Disks and then Open to get a list of all drives physically
connected to your system.
6 Click on the unusedsecond disk.
7 SelectActions and thenAdd a Hard Disk Drive... while second disk is highlighted.
8 Select Set Disk Usage andOptions... on the new menu window.
9 Select File System and Swap and select 0 for Swap Priority.
10 Enter theMount Directory by specifying/disk2for example.
11 Select Create New File System and the appropriateDisk Space Allocation. Note that in order
to have the same swap amount on both disks, the swap amount selected at OS installation
above should match the amount that you select here.
12 Complete the procedure by selecting OK, Yes, OK
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11.7 Configuring File System Swap
File system swap can be added at any time. Even though it isn't recommended for performance
reasons, there are times when it may be necessary to add some file system swap in an emergency.
1 Login to the system as root.
2 Start the SAM system administration tool by typing the command: sam
3 Click on theDisks and File Systems-> item in the list box and then click on the Open button.
4 Click onSwap and thenOpen.
b SAM displays a form with the currently configured swap. Click on theActions selection on the
menu bar and select AddFile System Swap... on the sub-menu.
6 SAM will display a form with a list of local file systems. Click on the file system where you
want to add the swap (usually /).
7 Fill in theMinimumandMaximum swap boxes.Minimum Swap is the amount of swap that
will be allocated immediately. As swap is used, additional swap will be added until the
Maximum Swap value is reached. Set Swap Priority to 1. If you want the file system swap to
be mounted the next time the system is booted, select both Now and AtEvery System Boot.
Click on OK.
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12 SHARED LIBRARY CONSIDERATION
The run-time mechanism of CATIA is based on the dynamic loading of a large number of shared library
objects or modules. Nearly 3000 shared libraries make up the CATIA product. With this many shared
libraries, certain system resources become quickly exhausted. This section discusses some of the changes
and adjustments which must be done to address the shared library requirements of Distributed CATIA
12.1 Protection Id Trashing With Shared Libraries
PA-RISC defines a permission mechanism for each memory access. Each page is assigned a
"Protection Identifier" which will be tested against four hardware registers. If the Protection ID
matches one of these four control registers, the memory access is enabled. In the case of no match, a
hardware interrupt occurs and a kernel exception handler is executed. This routine then detects if the
protection ID of the page is allowed to the process. If it succeeds it will copy the protection ID into
one of the four control registers and resume the process. This can really trash the running process if it
has to frequently access memory addresses that are protected with more than four unique protection
IDs. There is a special case where the page is set "public" with a protection ID of 0. In that case,
memory accesses are always authorized.
The kernel implements a shared library as a memory mapped file for which a unique protection ID isassigned in case where the file has permissions like 755. To avoid this problem, it is highly
recommended to set the file permissions to 555. This tells the kernel to set the memory mapped file's
pages to a protection ID of 0.
Therefore it is highly recommended to set the CATIA shared libraries permissions to 555 ( STEPLIB )
as well as any new customer shared library built with GII or IUA.
12.2 The S T E P L I B Environment Variable
The STEPLIB environment variable is used by CATIA to search for the modules (shared libraries) that
are dynamically loaded. It is important to have this variable properly set-up so that CATIA look up the
local directories first before going to the NFS mounted directories. For example:
STEPLIB=/local/catusr/steplib:/nfs/server/catusr/steplibismuch better than
STEPLIB=/nfs/server/catusr/steplib:/local/catusr/steplib
12.3 The S H L I B P A T H Environment Variable
As you all know by now, CATIA is architected around the model of dynamic loadable modules. This is
implemented via shared libs on HP-UX. By default, the search path for the HP dynamic libraries such
as libc etc, has been set to /lib:/usr/lib. This is not the best setting for PA1.1 CPUs. Fortunately, DS
uses the +s option while building all the CATIA modules. This allows us to change the default path
for the HP-UX libs. Therefore, it is recommended to set the SHLIB PATH environment variable as
follows:
export SHLIB_PATH=/lib/pa1.1:/usr/lib/pa1.1:/lib:/usr/lib
The direct impact is that the pa1.1 version of libf and libcl will be used instead of the pa1.0. versions.
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12.4 Affected Kernel Parameters
Within approximately five minutes of launching Distributed CATIA, the HP system reports the
following warning messages on a kernel with the default set of parameter values:
"inode table is full"
To avoid this problem, two kernel parameters must be changed: nfile and ninode. The nfile
parameter sizes the System File Table. This table is a system-wide resource which contains one entry
for each distinct file opening. Whenever a new shared library is dynamically loaded for example, a new
entry is added to this table.
The ninode parameter sizes the table of recently used inodes. This table is also kept in memory. Its
purpose is to allow processes to access inodes without having to read from the disk each time. There
is one inode entry used for each file or shared library, regardless of the number of open operations
currently pending on the file. To complete the description, it is important to mention the vnode table
which has a one-to-one correspondence with the inode table. Thus whenever a shared library is
loaded, one entry is added to the inode table provided this is the first loading of that library, one entry
is added to the System File Table, one to the vnode table.
The default size of the System File, the Inode, and Vnode tables are rather small - 734, 606, and 606
respectively. To be able to handle the dynamic load of 3000 shared libraries within a CATIA session,the following values are recommended:
nfile => 3300
ninode => 3250
These numbers are arrived at as follow:
nfile: 300 (default number for System processes ) +3000 (CATIA shared libraries) = 3300
ninode: 250 (default number) +3000 (CATIA shared library) =3250
These values are computed based on the following assumptions
CATIA could load a maximum of 3000 shared libraries during a session,
a CATIA dynamically loaded shared library is never unloaded, and
the number of CATIA files, log, model, etc is negligible compared to the number of active shared
libraries.
Lastly, it is worth noting the RAM impact of the nfile and ninode parameter value changes. Each entry
in the System File Table takes 32 bytes. Each entry in the in-core inode table takes 340 bytes. Each
entry in the vnode table takes 72 bytes. Therefore the impact on the kernel size under the previous
assumptions, is: (3300-734)*32 + (3250-606)*72 + (3250-606)*340 = 1,171,440 bytes. Thus the
properly configured HP-UX kernel requires an additional megabyte of RAM to a Distributed CATIA
session.
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13 LICENSE MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED CATIA ON HP
13.1 Netls & Ifor/Ls
Hewlett-Packard and Gradient Technologies of Malboro, MA have a business relationship whereby
Gradient assumes maintenance, development, and marketing responsibilities for the HP NetLS
product. HP NetLS is marketed under the name iFOR/LS by Gradient and is available on multipleplatforms, including HP and IBM.
The HP NetLS run-time license manager, which is functionally equivalent to iFOR/LS, is bundled with
the HP-UX 9.05 operating system. At the next major HP-UX release, the iFOR/LS binary will be
bundled with that OS. Dassault uses Gradient's iFOR/LS developer kit to bundle iFOR/LS with
Distributed CATIA on HP and to generate iFOR/LS keys. This is 100% compatible with the NetLS
run-time on HP-UX 9.05. As part of the relationship agreement between HP and Gradient, HP
customers with license manager defects will continue to contact the appropriate HP Customer support
center. I t is worth noting however, that among the services which Gradient provides are training and
consulting to end-users with special license management concerns, such as making license
management servers more fault tolerant, putting in-house-developed applications under license
control, etc... For these purposes, Gradient should be contacted.
13.2 License Management Scenarios
Distributed CATIA support two licensing schemes:
1 Concurrent-access (floating) license - This type of license is not restricted to any particular
node or nodes, but is based on the number of licenses ordered for a product. Access is
managed by one or more NetLS/iFORLS server daemons on the network.
2 Node lock license - This type of license is computed specifically for a CPU or an HP license ID
module. The target ID must be furnished in order to obtain the appropriate license key. To
retrieve the target id for a CPU, execute the following command:
/usr/etc/netls/ls_targetid
It is recommended that node lock licenses be used for standard CATIA product configurations
expected for constant use. Floating licenses are recommended when additional products need to be
used infrequently. Consult the CATIA Solution Installation Guide for more detail.
13.3 Heterogeneous License Management: H P-U X / A I X
Distributed CATIA customers running on IBM/AIX workstations are likely to use one of two license
managers - iFOR/LS or RLM. Customers running Distributed CATIA 4.13 or earlier use RLM. 4.14 is
the first release where both RLM and iFOR/LS are offered as license managers on AIX. Distributed
CATIA on HP-UX on the other hand has one choice for license manager - iFOR/LS
Heterogeneous license management refers to a floating license scheme where one workstation, AIX or
HP-UX, act as a license server to a mix of HP-UX and AIX CATIA workstations. The one requirement is
that both workstation types use iFOR/LS as their license managers. Thus iFOR/IS provides a high
degree of flexibility for CATIA sites who need to manage heterogeneous Distributed CATIA nodes.
This requires that the AIX nodes be upgraded to a) Distributed CATIA Version 4.14 from 4.13 or earlier,
and b) iFOR/LS from RLM. The CATIA product on HP complies with both conditions.
Note that, in order to move the license server from one workstation to another, a new set of floating
license keys would need to be generated, as the license keys are computed based on the target id of
the server. Refer to the CATIA installation guides for additional information on this topic.
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14 CAT IA PROGRAMMING DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT - GII/IUA
14.1 Introduction
With CATIA's customization capabilities, many customer have invested large amount of resources
developing add-on CATIA applications specific to their design environment. This facility is known as
Graphics Interactive Interface (GII) and Interactive User Access (IUA). GII for example allows theuser to add new push button in the CATIA GUI which performs a custom function. IUAs have more of
a command line interface.
For some customers, these add-on applications, largely on mainframe CATIA, constitute their
intellectual property and they see them as indispensable. The saying goes "If the Core CATIA product
is the engine, the customized CATIA add-on applications make up the rest of the airplane". One sees
two trends among these customers. In the short term, migrate these add-on applications to the
workstation. Longer term, abandon them altogether and have Dassault or third-party software vendor
incorporate the needed specialized functionality into the core Distributed CATIA software.
It is in the migration activity that many CATIA users/developers, for the first time, are exposed to
UNIX development and management tools not available on the mainframe. Because of the on-going
requirement to maintain and enhance existing applications, and to develop new ones, software
development is a key concern of many CATIA sites. Advanced features available in the HP Softbench
and xdb tools have shown to be immensely beneficial to developers migrating applications in the UNIX
environment. A well tailored Softbench implementation can provide significant productivity boost to
developers migrating to UNIX.
14.2 H-P Software Tool Requirements
The bare requirements are the FORTRAN and C compilers. See the compiler sections elsewhere in
this document for version numbers. The XDB or DDE debuggers are useful. And Softbench is very
useful. CATIA documentation have a lot of information on GII and IUA development. Two things
worth remembering:
1 GII and IUA applications are developed using shared libraries. Thus the +z compiler option isused. The resulting shared objects, just as all of the core CATIA shared libraries, need to
have their file mode changed to read/execute using the "chmod 555" command.
2 When building the executable, the f77 command should be used to bind the shared objects.
When this is done, the /bin/ld loader is called implicitly, and a number of necessary
FORTRAN libraries are automatically linked. Moreover, f77 option -WI,-ldld should be the
last option on the f77 line to bring in the dynamic loader.
14.3 Example
A typical compiler command line is:
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To see exactly what the compiler and linker are doing, add the -v option:
/disc0/mr_t/ds/ftn 7=> f77 +z -v -o K1 k1.f -Wl,-ldld
LPATH is: /lib/pa1.1:/usr/lib/pa1.1:/lib:/usr/lib
/usr/lib/f77pass1 --h -Oq00,al,ag,cn,Lm,sz,Ic,vo,lc,mf po,es,rs,sp,in,pi,fa,pe,Rr,Fl! k1.f kl.ok1.f:
xlnvol:
entry xlnvol:
MAIN:
/b i n / l d -x / l i b / c r t 0 .o -F b / u s r / l ib / u f7 7 p a ss1 k 1 . o - l d l d - l c l - l i b isa m s t u b - l c -o K 1
/disco/mr_t/ds/ftn 8=>
This reveals the real FORTRAN compiler as /usr/lib/f77pass1 which is used to compile the source file
(or files), the different libraries which f77 passes to the linker, including the FORTRAN-specific
libraries /usr/lib/uf77pass1 and /usr/lib/libisamstub.sl.
To generate symbol table for the debugger, the -g option would need to be added.
14.4 Debugging G I I And I U A Applications With Xdb
What follow is a step-by-step guide used successfully at a European automotive CATIA customer. The
issue here is to be able to debug a customer developed application that is fully integrated with the
dynamic load mechanism in CATIA. So how can the customer debug his own application through
CATIA?
1- Prepare your compile/build environment for debugging. The "-g" option must be set for the
FORTRAN compiler. One way to set this option can be through the FCOPTS environment
variable as follows:
export FCOPTS="-g"
2- Use the CATIA supplied tools such as 'dcg' to build your application. The net result is actually
a shared library that you will be able to debug. For the purpose of this discussion we will use
CUST_APPLI as the name of the target GII application.
cd /home/catusr/devcatia/gii/CUST_APPLI (where the source code resides)
dcg CUST_APPLI ( will compile and build a shared lib named CUST_APPLI )
my CUST_APPLI /home/catusr/steplib ( move the shared lib to the directory where all
the other applications have or will be moved to ).
3- Since the HP-UX dynamic loader ( /lib/dld.dl ) does require that a shared library use a sI
extension, you must either rename the file or create a soft link to comply to this rule:
cd /home/catusr/steplib
In -s CUST APPLI CUST APPLI.sI
4- Start the xdb session with the following arguments:
xdb -s -1 /home/catusr/steplib/CUST_APPLI.sI /usr/catia/code/steplib where
-> -s: for debugging shared libraries
-> -1: to specify the path to the shared lib for which debug information must be loaded
-> /usr/catia/cfg/code/steplib/: path to the CATIA executable.
5- from the xdb session, start CATIA as:
> r CATIA 64 0 0 0
then your favorite CATIA environment will start.
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4 In the Tool Start dialog box select PROFILE from the list of tools to start. Click on New
Context... button and set the context of the debugger to the complete path of the CATIA
executable. For example: /usr/lpp/catia/unload/code/steplib/CA1STAAG
5 Press the Start button to start up the Performance Analyzer.
6 From the Main menu select Options:Process Parameters. In Process Parameters dialog boxselect " Adopt Existing Process".
7 Select the process to be adopted by entering its PID in "Match Expression In ps(1) Listing". If
you don't know the PID , select "View ps listing" and then select the CATIA process to be
adopted. Select "OK".
8 By default Softbench Performance Analyzer does not list the shared library functions in the
profile report. Only the dynamically loaded library will be listed. To list the names of the
library functions in the dynamically loaded libraries the name of the library must be included
in the Sample Collection dialog box. To do so select Options:Sample Collection Parameters
and enter the library name in'Include Libraries Matching Expression'. Press the Add button.
9 Now bring up your application in CATIA and simultaneously press the Collect Samples button
in the Performance Analyzer. You can terminate sampling at any time by pressing 'Terminate
Sampling'. Once the sample set is collected appropriate Profile Report can be generated.
15 CATIA CODE PAGE AND NATIONAL LANGUAGE SUPPORT
The HP version of CATIA Solutions Version 4.1.4 uses the ISO 8859-1 code page for European and
American languages. The AIX version of CATIA 4.1.4 traditionally uses the IBM 850 code page, although
ISO 8859-1 is now supported. Users wishing to share model data between the AIX and HP-UX versions of
CATIA will need to have all models in the ISO 8859-1 code page on the HP. This can be done tranparently
- the IBM 850 translation is done in the background, although there is a processing cost in the time it
takes for the HP system to do the translation in the background. This process can also be done in batch
mode. A number of facilities within CATIA allows for transparent interoperability between the 850 and
ISO 8859-1 code pages. These include CATAIX, CATIMP, and CATDATA. Users should refer to the
appropriate CATIA documentation for further details. The following CATIA PTF is available for code
page: UB16949. There is a good document entitled CATIA Solutions 414 FR4 National Language Support
Administrator's Guide, March 22 1995 that is distributed when this PTF is ordered.
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16 CATIA APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE PARTNERSHIP
CATIA Application Architecture (CAA) is the term Dassault Systemes uses to describe its collaboration
with a select group of software houses who develop complementary, well-integrated, sector specific
software applications or modules used in conjunction with CATIA. As with other MCAD vendors, these
CAA partners are vital in delivering niche solutions critical to many CATIA customers, but for which
Dassault has neither the motivation nor the ROI justification to develop itself. HP is actively working
with these partners to ensure timely delivery of their CAA applications to the HP platform. For HP
availability information, customers should contact the CAA partner directly. Of course, some CATIA
customers may be using other third party tools which are not part of the CAA program.
16.1 C A A Partner List
The CAA partners include:
Dassault OEM (a.k.a. Original Software Developers)
Mental Images: Image Rendering & Ray Tracing Algorithms
ALEPH Technologies: Rob/Kin Collision Avoidance Algorithms
Manufacturing
RADAN: Sheet Metal Manufacturing
CENIT: PostProcessor, Special Machine Programmation, Simulation
IAMS: Feed and Speed Cutting Condition Tables
CGTech: Material Removal Simulation
Analysis
MOLDFLOW: CAT-MF Plastic Mold Injection Analysis
CADSi: Dynamics (CATDADS) and Stress Analysis (POLYFEM)
MSC/PDA: Finite Element Analysis (CATEXPRESS, CAT_FEA)
Machine Manufacture
MIECO/MISEC Robot builder from Matsushita Group
Design Automation
DEBIS: Large Tool Die Design
ICAD: Knowledge Based Engineering Design Tool Generator
Electric Device Engineering
MENTOR GRAPHICS: E3LCABLE access to Lcable Schematics
AEC Solutions
Stone & Webster: 'COMMANDS'
DVO: Vessel & Pipe Catalog
Georgia Tech: GTSTRUDL structural analysis
An up to date list can be obtained from your CATIA service representative. Thus in addition to the
core CATIA products developed by Dassault, the production environment of a CATIA customer may
include a suite of in-house developed GII and/or IUA applications, as well as a number of third party
CAA applications.
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16.2 Application Prerequisites On H-P
A number of CAA partners are already running on HP. The first four applic