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Optical Antennas for Optical Antennas for Raman SpectroscopyRaman Spectroscopy
Laura MatloffMentor: Matteo Staffaroni (EECS)
Faculty Sponsor: Prof. Yablonovitch
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At AirportsAt Airports
Compact desktop explosives/narcotics detection system
Sample collection swab
Security Guy
Your check-in luggage
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nose
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Pump Photon
Target Molecule in Ground State
Excited State
Pump Photon
Ground State
Virtual Level
Raman Spectroscopy
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Pump Photon
Target Molecule in Excited State
Pump Photon
Virtual Level
Ground State
Excited State
Stokes-shifted Photon
Stokes-shiftedPhoton
Raman Spectroscopy
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Phot
on C
ount
s
Wavelength (nm)
514 524 524 534 544 554504
Pump Photons
The likelihood of a Raman scattering event depends on the intensity of the light in the neighborhood of the molecule
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Phot
on C
ount
s
Wavelength (nm)
514 524 524 534 544 554504
Pump Photons
Stokes-shifted Photons
For single molecule detection (E-Field enhancement)4 > 1014
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2
1.64
The Dipole AntennaThe Dipole Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Antenna Arm Length (µm)
0 2L =7 ( m), Gold Antenna
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna Antenna Arm Length (µm)
=830 (nm), Gold Antenna
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna
Grating Coupler
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Grating CouplerGrating Coupler
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COMSOL ModelCOMSOL Model
Without Grating With Grating
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inputP IV 2RP I R
1010input input
IP P I V V
2 2
2
10 100 100R
R
PI I RP I R R
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highV
lowV
-+
-+
TransformerTransformer
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3D Taper (Optical Transformer)3D Taper (Optical Transformer)
Au
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna
Grating Coupler
Optical Transformer
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2D Taper
Au
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The Side ViewThe Side View
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Initial Thickness
Final Thickness
Taper Angle
Au
Au
The Side ViewThe Side View
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Optimizing Taper AngleOptimizing Taper AnglePo
wer
Thr
ough
put (
%)
Taper Angle (Degrees)
Where Initial Thickness = 50nm and Final Thickness = 5nm
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Transformer Action in 2DTransformer Action in 2D
100 nmAir
50 nm
Final Plate Spacing (nm)
Vou
t / V
in
1 10
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Transformer Action in 2DTransformer Action in 2D
100 nmAir
50 nm
Final Plate Spacing (nm)
Vou
t / V
in
1 10
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E-Field Enhancement in 2DE-Field Enhancement in 2D
Eou
t / E
in
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Transformer Action in 3DTransformer Action in 3D
Vou
t /
Vin
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E-Field Enhancement in 3DE-Field Enhancement in 3D
Eou
t /
Ein
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Single molecule detection requires electric field enhancement of 1014
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
106
104
102
1
OpticalAntenna
Grating Coupler
Optical Transformer
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CitationsCitations
Pictures:
http://unitedlp.com/images/power_Lines.jpgwww.jamd.com/image/g/1714820http://www.macsparky.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/crowd.jpg