Download - Optimization
WCDMA Network Optimisation
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1 © Nokia Siemens Networks WCDMA Network Optimisation / June2007
Presenter :- Varun Sood
What Is optimization?????
• Optimization is an effort to improve the Quality of Service in the network and thereby make optimum use of network capacity deployed to carry more traffic on the same network.
• Optimization is the exercise done in the network to Bridge any planning and implementation gaps.
• Optimizers correct planning mistakes/Gaps.
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Contents
• Optimization Procedure
• Types of Optimization
• Identifying problem Area
• Recommended Solutions
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Optimisation Process
Drive-Test
(1st Round)
Analysis of Drive-Test Logs
Site Status Verification
Changes
Implemented?
Site Status Verification
Drive-Test
Recommendation for changes and
implementation (if needed)
No
Yes
No
Start the KPI Drive
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Drive-Test Logs
Drive-Test Report (1st
Round)
Recommendation for changes and implementation
Drive-Test
(2nd Round)
Analysis of Drive-Test Logs
Drive-Test Report (2nd
Round)
KPI met?
Final Report
No
Yes
Presentation of Results
KPI should be met after 2 rounds of
DT
Possibility of Delays
3G Network optimization is divided into
1. Pre-launch optimization (without traffic, No OSS KPIs related to traffic)
2. Continuous optimization (with traffic, KPIs used)
3G Network optimization could be splitted into
A. Cluster optimization:• Mainly concentrates on the detail network optimization
for each individual sub-cluster area• Cluster optimization work start when all the sites in the
3G Network pre Optimization vs. Optimization
Cluster
Area
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• Cluster optimization work start when all the sites in the Sub-cluster have been implemented and integrated into the Network
• 10-12 cells form one clusterB. Area optimization:
• takes broader approach by focusing the network performance over the whole area
• Will begin after a number of clusters have finished implemented & optimised
Pre-launch Optimization Process
ClusterPreparation
ClusterTuning
ClusterOptimizatio
n
NetworkVerification
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Scanner Measurements
for RF Optimization
Service Performance measurements
for RF verification
Service Performance verification
Configuration & Health check
(RF +TRS Alarm
check)
• Cluster Identification
• Site locations, major roads, RNC borders, other geographical aspects, e.g. rivers
• Interference analysis to minimise the amount of external interference to a cluster from neighbouring clusters
• MapInfo plot illustrating sites within cluster, cluster borders etc.
• Site information spreadsheet (cluster id, priority etc.)
• Site Integration percentage criteria check
• Drive route planning
• A good percentage of main roads, motorways
• Different clutter types, where applicable
• Areas of special interest, e.g. airport routes, corporate routes
Cluster Preparation – basic information
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• Areas of special interest, e.g. airport routes, corporate routes
• Drive test equipment check
• Site Verification (crossed feeders etc.)
• Find out bad planning (coverage holes etc.)
• Collect planning tool data
• Dominance plot
• CPICH coverage plot
• Best server Ec/Io plot
• RSCP plot
• SHO plot
• Configuration data (scrambling codes, tilts & bearing, data build)
Pre-launch Optimization Process
ClusterPreparation
ClusterTuning
ClusterOptimizatio
n
NetworkVerification
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Scanner Measurements
RF Optimization
Service Performance measurements
for RF verification
Service Performance verification
Configuration & Health check
(RF +TRS Alarm
check)
Cluster Tuning – basic information
• Make RF Optimization in areas having poor dominance or weak dominance
• physical change of antenna tilt, azimuth, type and height) based on scanner data
• Make neighbours list (scrambling code) verification based on scanner data
• incl. GSM/EDGE neighbours
• Make Call Performance KPI Verification with logging tool
• AMR call setup success rate (CSSR)
• AMR call drop rate (DCR)
• Call setup Time (CST)
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Pre-launch Optimization Process
ClusterPreparation
ClusterTuning
ClusterOptimizatio
n
NetworkVerification
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10 © Nokia Siemens Networks WCDMA Network Optimisation / June 2007
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Scanner Measurements
RF Optimization
Service Performance measurements
for RF verification
Service Performance verification
Configuration & Health check
(RF +TRS Alarm
check)
Cluster Optimization – basic information
• Make service measurements in given routes after RF tuning- > analyse the results
• Make Gap analyses –based on measured KPIs <-> target KPIs
• Investigate of bad quality related to radio interface
• Identify Coverage problems
• Look at Dominance
• Look at interference
• Look at Missing neighbours
• Make SomeTroubleshooting (call trace, counters.) in specific area (golden clusters) to find out if the
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11 © Nokia Siemens Networks WCDMA Network Optimisation / June 2007
• Make SomeTroubleshooting (call trace, counters.) in specific area (golden clusters) to find out if the
problem is related to
• System
• Configuration
• Blocking
• UEs
• SHO Optimization
• Parameter Optimization
RF Optimization – Identifying Problem Areas
Drive Test Measurement
Coverage area optimisation
Dominance area optimisation
Best server’s CPICH RSCP>X dBm
# of pilots within
window from best
server >y
Yes
No
No
Coverage problem area
Dominance
problem area (Excessive # of pilots)
(C)
Yes
(A)
(B)
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Dominance area optimisation
Complete
Measurement
Analysis
Best server’s
Ec/No<z dB
No
No
Yes
(C)
Dominance problem area (Low best server Ec/No)
RF Optimization
• RF optimization involved taking care of following areas –
- Coverage Related Problems [Poor RSCP]
- Quality Related Problems[ Poor EcIo]
- Lack of Dominance [ EcIo just ok but no single strong server]
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Cell Overlaping
• Cell overlapping is needed to control the amount of interferences since the network
capacity is directly related to it. The little i value describes how much cells overlap:
• Some overlap is required to allow soft handover to occur
• Soft handover helps to reduce interference. (Soft HO Gain)
own
other
I
I i little =
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• Soft handover helps to reduce interference. (Soft HO Gain)
• Typically soft HO should occur in 30-40% of connections, but in practice it could be as high as 60-80 %
• Too much overlap:
• Increases interference to other cells --> reduce capacity
• Increases Soft Handover overhead --> reduce capacity
Thresholds Definition
• Before starting the optimization, we have to define the thresholds for both RSCP and EcIo. That
Means what kind of coverage [RSCP] you are expecting from the network and second what kind of
quality [EcIo] is expected.
• These thresholds then should be compared with the measured logs and try to achieve those defined
KPIs.
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Distribution Of Best Server CPICH RSCP and Ec/No
-Loaded and Un-loaded Network-
Network A- With Traffic Network B- No Traffic
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• The Overall Io in Network Increased when the Traffic getting higer
• Measurement Result clearly show the Ec/Io in the loaded Network is lower
RF Optimization
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Quadrant
• Measured data can be distributed in the previous slide.
• Quadrant A - This region contains all the samples which have both RSCP and EcIo above the required thresholds. We can call it the “Optimum Area”.
• Quadrant B - This region contain samples which have RSCP above the required threshold but EcIo below the threshold set. We can call it the “Pilot Pollution Area”.
• Quadrant C – This region has samples that have both RSCP and EcIo below the thresholds. We can call it “Low Coverage” area.
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• Quadrant D – This region although has RSCP below the threshold but EcIo is still better then the set thresholds. We can call it “Low Coverage” area. This mostly happens in the edge of the network where although the coverage is bad but there is only one server present and hence better EcIo performance.
Initial Optimization
• Second step is to take actions to improve the radio conditions to reach the agreed RF targets:
•Down-tilting of interfering cells’ antenna, which generate pilot pollution•Change antenna bearing angles of cells
• Up-tilting of serving cell’s antenna to extend coverage radius and to improve coverage area
Tuning methods for Coverage Problem Area
Tuning methods for EcIo Problem AreaHigh PriorityHigh Priority
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•Change antenna bearing angles of cells involved in pilot pollution•Change antenna patterns of cells involved in pilot pollution. Smaller gains for interfering cells and higher gain for victim cell•Decrease antenna height of interfering cells and increase antenna height of victim cell with adequate tilting angle
area•Change Antenna Bearing Angle: Focus the main beam of antenna to coverage holes and low RSCP area• Change Antenna Pattern: Displace with higher gain antenna with adequate antenna tilting•Increase serving cell antenna height to get higher effective antenna gain but there is risk to make undesirable inter-cell interference to adjacent cells
In Call Performance Analysis
• In call analysis is carried out to collect following information –
- Call setup success/failure rate for different services
- Cause of setup failures for different services
- Call completion success/drop rate
- Cause of call drops
- Soft/Hard handover performance
- Identifying any abnormal behavior from Network/UE side
- Verification of results from post processing tool.
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- Verification of results from post processing tool.
UERRC: Connection Request
RRC Connection Setup phaseResource Reservation in RNC, BTS, Transmission
RRC: RRC Connection Request Setup
RRC Connection Access phase RNC waits reply from UE
RRC: RRC Connection Completed
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer cm service request
RANAP: Initial UE MessageDIRECT TRANSFER (Call
BTS RNC CN
Call Set-up
Definition of Call Set-Up Success Rate (CSSR)
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DIRECT TRANSFER (Call Proceeding)
RANAP: RAB Assignment Request
RRC: Radio Bearer Set-up
RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete
RAB Connection Setup phaseResource Reservation in RNC, BTS, Transmission
RANAP: RAB Assignment ResponseDIRECT TRANSFER (Alerting)
DIRECT TRANSFER (Connect)DIRECT TRANSFER (Connect
Acknowledge)
RAB Connection Access phase RNC waits reply from UE
Call Set-up Success
Rate
Call Set-up Time
Typical failures/Drops ( From Drive Test Tool)
• Missing message (e.g. no L3 messages)
• RRC Setup Failures due to AC
• Cell reserved (Not seen for a while – but it is an easy check)
• Collision between LAC update/Registration and Call attempt
• Call failures because of ‘user busy’ (MOC)
• Calls disconnected by measurements system
• Calls disconnected by the network
• Radio Bearer setup failure due to AC and LC.
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• Radio Bearer setup failure due to AC and LC.
• Missing adjacencies leading to a call failure or a dropped call
• Poor coverage/quality
• Coverage related (poor RSCP/EcN0)
• Quality related (poor EcN0/good RSCP)
• Cells covering ‘unwanted’ areas
• Overshooting cells
• Large back loops for some cells
Parameter Optimization
• Normally parameter optimization is undertaken on network level to resolve issues affecting the
performance of various services, following actions are taken during the process –
- Observe and monitor the Key performance Indicators of network
- Check for any degradation of services
- Identify the root cause of degradation and conclude if it is a cell/connection specific or network wide
issue.
- Recommend necessary solutions to resolve the issue
- Implement and verify the performance after changes are implemented
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- Implement and verify the performance after changes are implemented
- Continue with performance monitoring of the network.
Parameter Optimization
New Network Parameter Changes required
Confirm parameters are applicable in existing network
releases
Is param
Fall back to original param set
no
no
Test param in Test Bed*, results ok?
Troubleshoot parameter Troubleshoot parameter set.set.
* Whenever applicable
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Pre-Test Drive Test
yes
Load into Test Cluster
Post-Test Drive test
Analysis
Is param performing as
expect?
Implement to network
Cont’ to monitor network perf. thru routine drive tests
yes
Analysis - Neighbour List VerificationNeighbour definitions required for cell re-selection and handover
Soft handovers are based upon intra-frequency neighbour list
Hard handovers are based upon either intra-frequency, inter-frequency or inter-system neighbour lists
Intra-Frequency Neighbors
Cell a
Inter-Frequency Neighbors
Cell k
(32
/ca
rrier)
Inter-System Neighbors
Cell r
The critical objective of neighbour list verification is to -
Ensure that sufficient neighbours are present to achieve the desired coverage performance
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Each neighbour has a set of associated parameters e.g. CPICH measurement offset
Actix Analyzer is able to suggest appropriate neighbour lists
Strategy for initial system deployment is to place the emphasis upon adding neighbours rather than removing them
Cell a
Cell b
Cell c
Cell d
Cell e
Ma
x. 3
1
Cell k
Cell l
Cell m
Cell n
Cell o
Ma
x. 4
8
(32
/ca
rrier)
Cell r
Cell s
Cell t
Cell u
Cell v
Ma
x. 3
2
coverage performance
Future objective – Ensure lists aren’t excessively large
Network Performance Measurements
UE RNC
RRC: Connect ion Request
Correctly Received messageRRC Connect ion Setup StartsTriggers: 1001C0 RRC Connection At tempt
BTS
RRC Connection Setup phaseResource Reservation in RNC, BTS, Transmission
RRC: RRC Connect ion Request Setup
RRC Connect ion setup completedTriggers: 1001C1 RRC Con Setup Compl
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Setup failsDue to Triggers: 1001C2 Handover control1001C3 Admission control1001C4 BTS1001C5 Transmission network1001C6 RNC internal reason1001C7 Frozen BTS
RRC Connection Access phase RNC waits reply from UE
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Access failsDue to Triggers: 1001C9 L1 synchronization in BTS1001C10 UU interface1001C11 RNC internal reason
RRC: RRC Connect ion Completed
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer
CN
RANAP: Init ial UE Message
RRC Connect ion Access completedTriggers: 1001C8 RRC Con Acc Comp
RRC Connection Active phaseUE-CN Signaling
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Active failsDue to Triggers: 1001C15 Iu interface 1001C16 Radio interface1001C17 BTS1001C18 Iur interface1001C19 Ciphering failure1001C20 Integri ty check1001C21 RNC internal reason
RANAP: Iu Release Command
RRC Connect ion Active completedTriggers: 1001C12 RRC Con Active Comp
Special Reason: RRC Connect ion Active Release Due to Triggers:
UEUE RNCRNC
RRC: Connect ion RequestRRC: Connect ion Request
Correctly Received messageRRC Connect ion Setup StartsTriggers: 1001C0 RRC Connection At tempt
BTSBTS
RRC Connection Setup phaseResource Reservation in RNC, BTS, Transmission
RRC: RRC Connect ion Request SetupRRC: RRC Connect ion Request Setup
RRC Connect ion setup completedTriggers: 1001C1 RRC Con Setup Compl
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Setup failsDue to Triggers: 1001C2 Handover control1001C3 Admission control1001C4 BTS1001C5 Transmission network1001C6 RNC internal reason1001C7 Frozen BTS
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Setup failsDue to Triggers: 1001C2 Handover control1001C3 Admission control1001C4 BTS1001C5 Transmission network1001C6 RNC internal reason1001C7 Frozen BTS
RRC Connection Access phase RNC waits reply from UE
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Access failsDue to Triggers: 1001C9 L1 synchronization in BTS1001C10 UU interface1001C11 RNC internal reason
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Access failsDue to Triggers: 1001C9 L1 synchronization in BTS1001C10 UU interface1001C11 RNC internal reason
RRC: RRC Connect ion CompletedRRC: RRC Connect ion Completed
RRC: Initial Direct TransferRRC: Initial Direct Transfer
CNCN
RANAP: Init ial UE MessageRANAP: Init ial UE Message
RRC Connect ion Access completedTriggers: 1001C8 RRC Con Acc Comp
RRC Connection Active phaseUE-CN Signaling
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Active failsDue to Triggers: 1001C15 Iu interface 1001C16 Radio interface1001C17 BTS1001C18 Iur interface1001C19 Ciphering failure1001C20 Integri ty check1001C21 RNC internal reason
Failure Case:RRC Connect ion Active failsDue to Triggers: 1001C15 Iu interface 1001C16 Radio interface1001C17 BTS1001C18 Iur interface1001C19 Ciphering failure1001C20 Integri ty check1001C21 RNC internal reason
RANAP: Iu Release CommandRANAP: Iu Release Command
RRC Connect ion Active completedTriggers: 1001C12 RRC Con Active Comp
Special Reason: RRC Connect ion Active Release Due to Triggers:
Special Reason: RRC Connect ion Active Release Due to Triggers:
• Currently, Nokia RAN able to provide a lot of network measurements data for network
optimization:
1. Cell resource
2. Service level
3. Traffic
4. RRC signalling
5. L3 signalling at Iub
6. L3 signalling at Iu
7. L3 signalling at Iur
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1001C12 RRC Con Active Comp Triggers: 1001C13 SRNC Relocat ion 1001C14 Pre-emption
1001C12 RRC Con Active Comp Triggers: 1001C13 SRNC Relocat ion 1001C14 Pre-emption
Triggers: 1001C13 SRNC Relocat ion 1001C14 Pre-emption
7. L3 signalling at Iur
8. L3 relocation signaling measurement
9. Soft handover
10. Intra-system hard handover
11. Inter-system hard handover
• Totally more than 1,000 counters can be
triggered and monitors as network
performance KPIs
Performance Monitoring – Common Statistics
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Pre-launch Optimization Process
ClusterPreparation
ClusterTuning
ClusterOptimizatio
n
NetworkVerification
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Scanner Measurements
RF Optimization
Service Performance measurements
for RF verification
Service Performance verification
Configuration & Health check
(RF +TRS Alarm
check)
Network Verification
• Make Service verification in the whole optimisation area for performance acceptance
• Make sure that KPIs are measured in areas of ”acceptable” coverage is achieved
• It is recommended that the Minimum RF conditions for field measurements for all KPIs is as
described below:
• Best server CPICH RSCP > -100 dBm
• Best server CPICH EcNo > -11 dBm
• CPICH EcNo of the 4th strongest cell > 6dB below best server (= below drop window)
• KPI target examples for AMR
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• KPI target examples for AMR
• Call setup success rate, 98 %
• Call drop rate, 2 %
• Overall call success rate, 96 %
• Call connection time <8 s, 98 %
Optimization Tools
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NetAct Tools
• Radio Network (RNW) Object Browser- part of NetAct
• WCDMA parameter changing and checking (RNC,WBTS,WCEL,ADJS (ADJI,
ADJG),HOPS (HOPI, HOPG),FMCS (FMCI, FMCG))
• RNW Online Management tool
• Cell level load monitoring with graphical user interface (Ptx/PrxTotal, Ptx/PrxTarget,
PrxNoise)
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PrxNoise)
Online Monitoring- GUI
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14 X PS 64K
Field Measurement Tools
• Field Measurement tools
• Scanner (Agilent, DTI, Anritsu for example) could be used for Coverage and Scrambling code
analysis
• Logging tools are available from a many manufacturers, those typically used by Nokia are Nemo
• Nemo Technologies – Layer 1 & 3 trace capability
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Preparation for Drive test
• Connection configuration of equipments
RX - AntennaGPS -Antenna
GPS
DC / AC Inverter
Socket
To Battery1m over
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GND
DC-12v In
RS232C Cable
RS232C Cable
ML8720B
Pulse In
RF -In
COM-2 Port
COM-1 Port
Gyro Unit
GPS
Receiver
Serial Port NOKIA
software
Socket
( Min DIN 8P )( D-sub 9P )
PC-Card
Analysis Tools
• Data processing and Analysis tools
• Actix: NOKIA's preferred supplier for post processing tools used for generating tuning
report automatically.
• PM data: NetAct Reporter, EOSFlex, TANO
• NQDI: SwissQual proprietary tool used for producing KPI report automatically
• RANOPT – Post processing tool from Aircom integrated with Planning tool.
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Tom Kit
SwissQual+ scanner
Actix
NQDI
Tuning Report
KPI Report
Mass Modification with CM Tools
CM Provisoner to provide the actual parameter values from the network
CM Editor
• Create a new plan
• Copy objects from actual configuration and paste to plan
• Specify the new parameters
• Customised templates for mass modifications can be used!
CM Editor -plan modifications
CM Provisioner-upload actual configurations
CM Plan Manager
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modifications can be used!
CM Plan Manager to prepare the plan
CM Provisioner to activate the plan
Element Manager to check if changes are correctly done
CM Provisioner-activate planned configurations
CM Plan Manager-plan creation
Element Manager-control the changes
Optimization strategy after pre-optimization
1. Network Monitoring • Key KPIs definition• Performance Tools (PM tools, tracing tools)
2. Problem Solving
Maintain & control Initial performance
0. Network audit & health check• Network element audit• Configuration audit
Optional if network is well-known
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2. Problem Solving • Actions plan ready for each typical problem• Measures to avoid blocking (upgrade, parameter change)
performance
3. Parameter Optimization• Implement Nokia recommended RAN parameter set• Testing & statistical analysis to tune network/area/cell specific
4. System level optimization• Bearer specific optimization • Service-based & end-to-end performance optimization
Increase & optimizePerformance
KPI Types
• Service Access - If the customer wants to use a service, the network operator should provide
access to the service as fast as possible. The service accessibility is defined as the probability that a
service can be obtained within specified tolerances and other given operating conditions when
requested by the user.
• Service Retainability - Service Retainability describes the termination of services (in
accordance with or against the will of the user). The service Retainability is defined as the probability
that a service, once obtained, will continue to be provided under given conditions for a given time
duration.
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duration.
• Service Integrity - describes the Quality of Service during service use. The service integrity
performance is defined as the degree to which a service is provided without excessive impairments,
once obtained.
KPIs - Service Types
• Circuit Switched – MOC, MTC and Video calls will fall in this category.
• Packet Switched – PS downloads and video streaming will fall in this category.
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Common Global KPIs for Prelaunch OptimisationCriteria Success rate
1. Voice Call Setup Success Rate 98 %
2. VT Call Setup Success Rate 97 %
3. PS Call Setup Success Rate 98 %
4. Voice Call Termination Success Rate 98 %
5. VT Call Termination Success Rate 97 %
6. PS Call Termination Success Rate 98 %
7. Voice Long Call Duration 30 min
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8. VT Long Call Duration 15 min
9. Average throughput for PS 300 kbps
10. Voice Call Setup Time 7 Sec
11. VT Call Setup Time 7 Sec
12 PS call setup Time 6 Sec
13. SHO Success Rate 98%
14. ISHO Success Rate 95%