Download - Oracle 10g New Feature
Richard JacobsPrincipal ConsultantProduct Technology ServicesOracle Corporation
Oracle 10g Database
Oracle Database 10g Goals
Half the Cost
Highest Quality of Service– Highest Availability, Reliability, Security– Highest Performance, Scalability
Easiest to Manage
Oracle Grid Computing
Low cost Highest quality of service Rapidly adjusts to meet business needs Unified management
Storage Grid Database Grid
Application Server
Grid
Grid
Control
Oracle Grid Computing
Low cost Highest quality of service Rapidly adjusts to meet business needs Unified management
Storage Grid Database Grid
Application Server
Grid
Grid
Control
Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Automatic StorageManagement
Eliminates need for conventional file system and volume manager
Capacity on demand– Add/drop disks online
Automatic I/O load balancing– Stripes data across disks to
balance load– Best I/O throughput
Automatic mirroring Easy
Storage Grid
Oracle Grid Computing
Low cost Highest quality of service Rapidly adjusts to meet business needs Unified management
Storage Grid Database Grid
Application Server
Grid
Grid
Control
Database Server Grid –Real Application Clusters
Runs Real Applications Proven
– Over 500 production sites– Certified with leading apps
Runs on standard,low cost servers
Fault tolerant Capacity on demand New integrated
clusterware makes it easy everywhere
ERP CRM DW
Database Grid
Database Server Grid -Integrated Clusterware Makesit Easy Portable to all platforms Low Cost
– No need to purchase additional software– Easy to install, manage
Easy– Deploys in hours not days– Improved single system image– Single-vendor support
Remains open to third-party clusterware
Database Grid
Database Server Grid –Workload Management
Push-button, online add/drop server to cluster Automatic Load Balancing
– Based on “service” concept– Automatic routing of service connection requests
to appropriate server with lowest load– On server failure, automatic re-allocation of
surviving servers to services– Dynamic load balancing when service levels not
met (coming soon)
Database Grid
Business Challenge – How to Scale DBA’s to the Grid ?
Software Maintenance 6%
Ongoing System Management 55%
Installation 6%
Others
15%
Creation & Configuration 12 %
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey
DataLoading 6%
Oracle Database 10gSelf-managing Database
Built-in Intelligent Infrastructure – Code instrumentation– Data warehouse to analyze performance of customer
workloads
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor – Automatic performance diagnostic engine in the database
Automatic Tuning Optimizer – SQL Profile to tune packaged applications
Automatic PGA and SGA Memory Management Lots more …
Oracle 10g OEM Grid Control
Manages the Oracle Grid environment
Scales to thousands of servers
Application Service Level Management
Configuration Management
– Provisioning– Cloning– Patch Management
ERP EMAIL DW
Business Intelligence on the Grid
Lower Cost– Leverage 10g hardware, software, labor savings– Manage millions of terabytes
Intelligence when you need it– Cross-platform transportable tablespaces– Asynchronous change data capture
More value from your data– Mature OLAP, Data Mining– Improved SQL Analytics – SQL Model Clause
HTML DB –Rapid Web Development Tool
Builds database-driven Web applications For non-programmers App developers and app users just need a web
browser Addresses MS Access proliferation problem
– Supports hosted development and deployment environment
Easy Transition to the Grid
Oracle 10g preserves investment
– Runs all existing apps on clusters
– Moves data to new platforms as fast as FTP
– Low risk - Start small and add capacity on demand
ERP EMAIL DW
Manageability Revolution
Unprecedented Development Effort
Single, biggest effort– 50% of the architects in the organization– 200+ engineers– Gathered customers feedback– Active, focused development – Not just research!
Wide-spread effort– Projects span entire technology stack
Long term commitment
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey
Load Data 6%
Ongoing System Management
55%
Software Maintenance
6%
Install 6%
Create & Configure
12 %
Where DBA’s spend their time
Software Installation
Fast lightweight install– Major redesign of installation process– Single CD, 20 Minutes– CPU, memory, disk space consumption greatly reduced– Extremely lightweight client install (3 files) using Oracle
Instant Client
Automation of All Pre and Post Install Steps– Validate OS Configuration, patches, resource availability
etc.– Configure all components (listeners, database, agent,
OMS, OID etc.) for automatic startup and shutdown
Enhanced silent install
Simplified Creation & Configuration
Greatly reduced database creation time using pre-configured, ready-to-use database
90% reduction of initialization parameters: < 30 Basic parameters
Automatically setup common tasks, e.g. backups
Automatically configures LDAP server Automatic Shared Server Set-up Easy Connect Naming
Basic Parameters
compatible
processes
sessions
pga_aggregate_target
nls_language
nls_territory
db_domain
shared_servers
instance_number
cluster_database
db_block_size
sga_target
control_files
db_name
db_recovery_file_dest
remote_listener
db_recovery_file_dest_size
db_create_online_log_dest_n
db_create_file_dest
log_archive_dest_n
log_archive_dest_state_n
remote_login_passwordfile
db_unique_name
Simplified Upgrade
Pre upgrade checks (e.g. parameter settings) Post upgrade status checks Time estimator Re-startable Guide administrators in using best practices
Out-of-the-Box Database Control No separate install Fully functional
administration and monitoring after database creation
Listener discovery, configuration & monitoring
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey
Load Data 6%
Ongoing System Management
55%
Software Maintenance
6%
Install 6%
Create & Configure
12 %
Where DBA’s spend their time
Efficient Data Load
Oracle Database 10g Data Pump
– 60% faster than Export (single stream)– 15X-20X faster than Import (single stream)– Automatic Parallelism – multiple streams– Re-startable– Size estimation on export dumpfiles
Cross Platform Transportable Tablespaces
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey
Load Data 6%
Ongoing System Management
55%
Software Maintenance
6%
Install 6%
Create & Configure
12 %
Where DBA’s spend their time
Ongoing System Management
55% of DBA’s time is spent in ongoing management, monitoring and tuning
1. Performance Diagnosis & Troubleshooting
2. Space & Object Management
3. SQL & Application Tuning
4. System Resource Tuning
5. Backup and Recovery
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey
Manageability Challenges - Today
External Storage Management
Disk Configuration Stripe Size Data Redistribution
Internal Space Management
Table growth trend Space fragmentation
Backup & Recovery ManagementTapes, MTTR
Disaster Recovery
Application & SQL ManagementOptimizer Stats Response time
Throughput Schema/Index
System ResourceManagement
CPU UtilizationMemory PoolsProcesses
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Control
Database Management
Oracle Database 10g – Self-Managing Database
Intelligent Infrastructure
Automatic Workload Repository
Automatic Maintenance Task Infrastructure
Server-generated Alert Infrastructure
Advisory Infrastructure
Automatic Workload Repository
– “Data Warehouse” of the Database
– Code instrumentation Automatic Maintenance
Tasks– Pre-packaged, resource
controlled Server-generated Alerts
– Push vs. Pull, Just-in-time, Out-of-the-box
Advisory Infrastructure– Integrated, uniformity
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
Performance expert in a box Integrate all components
together Automatically provides
database-wide performance diagnostic, including RAC
Provides impact and benefit analysis
Provides Information vs. raw data
Runs proactively Real-time results using the
Time Model
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
ADDM’s Architecture
SQLAdvisor
High-load SQL
IO / CPU issues
RAC issues
Automatic Diagnostic Engine
Snapshots in
Automatic Workload
Repository
Self-Diagnostic Engine
System Sizing Advice
Network + DB config
Advice
Instrument database code paths to produce Time & Wait Model
Classification Tree is based on decades of Oracle performance tuning expertise
Pinpoint root cause and non-problem areas
Active Session History – snapshot of session activity every second
Runs proactively & manually
Performance Diagnostic: Before and Now
Before1. Examine system utilization2. Look at wait events3. Observe latch contention4. See wait on shared pool and library cache latch5. Review v$sysstat (difficult)6. See “parse time elapsed” > “parse time cpu” and #hard
parses greater than normal7. Identify SQL by..
Identifying sessions with many hard parses and trace them, or
Reviewing v$sql for many statements with same hash plan (difficult)
8. Examine objects accessed and review SQL9. Identify “hard parse” issue by observing the SQL contains
literals10. Enable cursor sharing
Oracle10g1. Review ADDM
recommendations
2. ADDM recommends use of cursor_sharing
Scenario: Hard parse problems
Database Home Page
ADDM Findings
ADDM Recommendations
Application and SQL Management
Key to efficient SQL execution: Oracle Cost-based Optimizer
Proven Technology– Over 10 years of production
usage– Adopted by all top-tier
applications vendors
Sophisticated functionality– Automatically-gathered object
and system (CPU, IO, Caching) statistics
– Comprehensive set of access paths, adaptive search strategy
– Cost-based transformations– Automatic allocation of memory
and parallelism– Versioned optimizer statistics
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
Remaining Challenges
How to quickly find optimal plans for complex queries?
– Sub-optimal plans caused by correlations, complex predicate selectivity
What is “bad” SQL? How to work-around ‘bad’ SQL in packaged
applications? How to ‘globally’ optimize an entire application’s SQL
statements? – Adding an index may help one statement, but what is the
impact on the rest of the application
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Identify ‘bad’ SQL– Automatic workload
capture– Automatic identification
of high-load SQL– Top N highest
resource-consuming SQL Statements
High-load SQL
PackagedApps
CustomizableApps
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Automatic SQL Tuning– Learn from past
executions– Dynamic sampling,
partial execution techniques
– Profile the SQL statement to feedback to optimizer
– No change to SQL textSQLProfile
PackagedApps
+
Well-tuned SQL
High-load SQL
PackagedApps
Customizable Apps
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Auto SQL Tuning
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Automatic SQL Analysis– Optimizer explains
decision points– Advises on badly written
SQL, stale statistics, bad schema
SQLAdvice
Customizable Apps
+
Well-tuned SQL
High-load SQL
PackagedApps
Customizable Apps
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Auto SQL Analysis
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
SQL Access Advisor– Advise on access paths– Indexes, Materialized
Views, Indexes on Materialized Views
– Consider entire workload
– Consider Impact on insert/update/delete
Indexes & MVs
Customizable Apps
+
Well-tuned SQL
High-load SQL
PackagedApps
Customizable Apps
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
AccessAdvisor
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Complete SQL Management
– Automated workload capture, identification of high-load SQL
– Automatic SQL Tuning– Automatic SQL Analysis – SQL Access Advisor
SQLProfile
PackagedApps
+
SQLAdvice
Customizable Apps
+Indexes &
MVs
Well-tuned SQL
High-load SQL
PackagedApps
Customizable Apps
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Auto SQL Tuning
Auto SQL Analysis
AccessAdvisor
Customizable Apps
+
Before1. Examine system utilization2. Look at wait events3. See wait on DB scattered read4. Determine scope – system wide, module-dependent, user-
dependent?5. Identify SQL by (difficult)
Identifying sessions with high DB scattered read waits and trace them, or
Reviewing Top Sessions in OEM6. Get explain plan7. Examine objects accessed (size/cardinality)8. Review SQL statistics and/or compare to object statistics (v$sql)
(difficult)9. Identify the problem10. Contact packaged app vendor11. Produce test case for vendor12. Vendor produces patch/upgrade13. Patch/upgrade installed in customer’s next maintenance cycle
Oracle10g1. Review ADDM
recommendations
2. Follow link to run Automatic SQL tuning
3. Accept SQL Profile recommendations from SQL Tuning
SQL Tuning: Before and NowScenario: Bad SQL in Packaged Applications
System Resource Management
Oracle 9i Resource Manager
controls and prioritizes CPU usage
Automatic SQL Memory Tuning
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
Automatically adapts to workload changes
Maximizes memory utilization
Single Parameter makes it easier to use
Helps eliminate out of memory errors
Can help improve performance
SGA
PGA
Large Batch Jobs
sort
Java Pool
SQL Cache
Large Pool
Buffer Cache
SQL Cache
sort
Online
Users
Large Pool
Buffer Cache
Java Pool
Automatic Shared Memory Tuning
Before
1. Launch Buffer Pool Advisor
2. Examine output; check if Buffer Pool is over allocated
3. If so, reduce size of Buffer Pool
4. Launch Shared Pool Advisor
5. Examine output; check if Shared Pool is under allocated
6. If so, increase size of Shared Pool
Oracle10g
(This space is intentionally left blank – No manual steps needed with Automatic Shared Memory Tuning)
SGA Memory Management: Before and NowScenario: Out-of-memory Errors (ORA-4031)
Automatic Space Management
Oracle9i Eliminates external space
fragmentations – Locally Managed
Tablespace Eliminates space allocation
contention– Automatic Segment
Space Management Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
Proactive Space Management
Automatically monitor, capture space usage at space allocation time - efficient
Advise and predict space growth trend, fragmentation
“Just-in-Time” Alerts on space pressure
Server-Generated
Alerts
Capacity Planning
Segment running out of space
Proactive Space Management
Online Segment Shrink– Reclaim space from
internal fragmentation
– Improve performance– In-place shrinking of
tables – Wait on DML
operations
Server-Generated
Alerts
Capacity Planning
Fragmented Segment
Segment running out of space
Online Segment
Shrink
Space Management : Before and Now
Before
Check to see which objects in the tablespace have pockets of wasted space due to deletion:
1. Create a script that looks at DBA_TABLES view to compare the total space allocated for each object (BLOCKS * DB_BLOCK_SIZE) in a tablespace to the estimated space used by the object (AVG_ROW_LEN * NUM_ROWS)
(assumes objects have been analyzed)
2. Review script output and identify target objects for reorganization
3. Identify/Create “scratch” tablespace
4. For each object to be reorganized, use the Enterprise Manager Reorg wizard to recreate each object along with its dependencies
Oracle10G
1. Launch Segment Advisor to advise on which object(s) to shrink
2. Accept the recommendations to shrink the objects online and in-place
Scenario: Reclaim Wasted Space
Automatic Backup & Recovery
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
Automatic Backup and Recovery
Fully automatic disk based backup and recovery
– Set and Forget
Nightly incremental backup rolls forward recovery area backup
– Changed blocks are tracked in production DB
– Full scan is never needed– Dramatically faster (20x)
Use low cost ATA disk array for recovery area
Database Area Recovery Area Tape
Nightly Applyof
IncrementalBackup
WeeklyArchive to
Tape
Single-Command Recovery Easy recovery from human errors at all
levels Database Level
– Flashback Database restores the whole database to time
Uses Flashback Logs Table Level
– Flashback Table restores rows in a set of tables to time
Uses UNDO in database– Flashback Drop restores a dropped
table or a index Recycle bin for DROPs
Row Level– Flashback Rows restores rows to time
Uses Flashback Query
Order
Database
Customer
Database Recovery: Before and Now
Before(Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery)
1. Prepare an auxiliary instance by first creating an Oracle password file
2. Create parameter file for auxiliary instance
3. Start auxiliary instance in NOMOUNT mode using SQL*Plus
4. Using RMAN interface to perform TSPITR
5. Using RMAN, connect to target database and bring tablespace in question online
6. Shutdown the auxiliary instance
7. Delete auxiliary instance data files, control files, and redo log files
Oracle10g
1. Single Command Recovery: FLASHBACK TABLE <table_name> TO BEFORE DROP ;
Scenario: Recovering mistakenly dropped a Table
Automatic Storage Management
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
Automatic Storage Management - Benefits
Automates daily storage administration
– Automatic I/O tuning– Eliminates disk fragmentation– Automatically selects allocation
policy per Oracle file type Automates storage re-configuration
– Automatic data copy on disk add/drop, no reconfiguring volume and re-striping
– Online migration to new storage hardwareAutomatic Storage
Management
ASM
The Operational Stack
Disks
Logical Vols
File System
0010 0010 0010 0010 00100010 0010 0010 0010 0010Files
Tablespace
Tables
Disk Group
Logical Vols
File System
Files
Tablespace
Tables
TODAY ASM
“The best way to lower mgmt costs is to remove complexity”
Mirroring with ASM
3 choices for disk group redundancy– External: defers to hardware mirroring– Normal: 2-way mirroring– High: 3-way mirroring
Integration with database removes need for dirty region logging
Create or Delete Disk Groups
CREATE DISKGROUP dgroup1 DISK ‘/dev/raw/raw*’
DROP DISKGROUP dgroupA INCLUDING CONTENTS;
CREATE DISKGROUP dgroupA NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP controller1 DISK
'/devices/diskA1' NAME diskA1 SIZE 120G,
'/devices/diskA2',
'/devices/diskA3'
FAILGROUP controller2 DISK
'/devices/diskB1',
'/devices/diskB2',
'/devices/diskB3';
Traditional vs ASMSetup
1. Determine required storage capacity
2. Install Volume Manager, File System
3. Architect data layout to avoid hot spot
4. Create logical volumes
5. Create file systems
6. Install database
7. Create database
1. Determine required storage capacity
2. Install ASM
3. Create Disk Groups
4. Install database
5. Create database
ASM Architecture
Pool of Storage
ASM Instance
Server
Non–RACDatabase
Oracle
DB Instance
Disk Group
ASM Instance
INSTANCE_TYPE = OSM
OSM_POWER_LIMIT = 11
OSM_DISKSTRING = '/dev/rdsk/*s2', '/dev/rdsk/c1*'
OSM_DISKGROUPS = dgroupA, dgroupB
LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 8MB
• Lightweight instance- Few processes
- No database to mount, metadata tripled mirrored in ASM diskgroup
• Initialization Parameters
Database and ASM Instance Interaction
Server
Operating System
DATABASE ASM
(1) Database opens file
(1A) OPEN
(1B) Extent Map
(2) Database Reads file
(2A) R
EA
D
(2B) I/O
Co
mp
letes(3) Database Creates file
(3A) CREATE
(3B
) Allo
cates file
(3C) Extent Map
(3D) In
itializes file
ASM Architecture
Pool of Storage
ASM Instance
Server
Non–RACDatabase
Oracle
DB Instance
Disk Group
ASM Architecture
Clustered Pool of Storage
ASM Instance ASM Instance
Clustered Servers
RACDatabase
Oracle
DB Instance
Oracle
DB Instance
Disk Group
ASM Architecture
Clustered Pool of Storage
ASM Instance ASM Instance
Clustered Servers
RAC Database
Oracle
DB Instance
Oracle
DB Instance
Disk GroupDisk Group
ASM is NOT!
Not a general purpose FS or CFS Not using any special I/O calls below the OS Not a tool designed for SA or Storage Admins Not vendor or platform specific Not the only tool needed to provision storage Not required do the mirroring Not used for binaries, trace and text files NOT RAW
Grid/Database Control
Open Interfaces for ISV Partners
Intelligent Infrastructure
Application & SQLManagement
System ResourceManagement
SpaceManagement
Backup & RecoveryManagement
StorageManagement
Database Management
ISVISVISVOpen Interfaces
Source: IOUG 2001 DBA Survey
Load Data 6%
Ongoing System Management
55%
Software Maintenance
6%
Install 6%
Create & Configure
12 %
Where DBA’s spend their time
View/Search
Compare/Diff
Change Tracking
ReferenceConfigurations
Analyze
Install/Clone
Configure
Patch
Secure
ProvisionLiveLink
Oracle.com
Product Updates
Patches
ProductConfiguration
OracleInventory
SoftwareConfigurations
HardwareConfigurations
Discover
Enterprise Configuration Management
Grid Control
PolicyManager
Oracle Database 10gSimplified Creation & Configuration
Self-Managing Database
Enterprise Configuration Management
Efficient Data Load
Fast Lightweight Install ½ COST
0
4
8
12
16
Num
ber of
Ste
ps
PerformanceDiagnostic
SQL Tuning ResourceManagement(Memory)
SpaceManagement
Backup &Recovery
StorageManagement
Oracle 10g
Oracle9i2
6
2
13
6
21
42
10
4
10
Oracle 10g : Twice as Manageable as Oracle9i
Oracle 10g required 44% less time and 47% fewer steps than Oracle9i.
Oracle 10g required 44% less time and 47% fewer steps than Oracle9i.
Result SummaryResult Summary
So what does the DBA do
now :-)
DBA of the Future Does MORE
MORE sleep at nights! MORE weekends off! MORE databases MORE applications: OLTP, DW, OCS, iAS MORE users, larger databases MORE mission-critical applications MORE proactive and strategic MORE important and valuable!
LESS Cost for Businesses
For customers Less Administration Cost Less Capital Expenditure Less Failures
For Application ISV Partners Less Deployment Cost Less Development Cost Less Support Cost
RAC for Everyone – Integrated Clusterware
Complete Oracle cluster software solution
Single-vendor support Low Cost
– No need to purchase additional software
– Easy to install, manage High quality and functionality
across all platforms Large number of nodes Common event and management
api’s – Multi-tier HA & minimal MTTR
Support for third-party clusterware
Applications
RAC, Other Apps
Services Framework
Cluster Control/Recovery APIs
Automatic Storage Management
Messaging and Locking
Membership
Connectivity
Eve
nt
Ser
vice
s
Man
agem
ent
AP
Is
Hardware/OS Kernel
RAC Enterprise Manager Integration Service Consumer Page Shows alerts for SLA violations Cluster Page Cluster Database Page Performance Page
RAC for Everyone – Server Provisioning
– Provision software to many systems at once– Clone, store and distribute “known good” configurations – Automate patch and update management
SoftwareInventory
EnterpriseManager
RAC for Everyone – Server Provisioning
– Provision software to many systems at once– Clone, store and distribute “known good” configurations – Automate patch and update management
SoftwareInventory
EnterpriseManager
Enterprise Grid – Workload Management
Hands-free allocation and re-allocation of servers to services based on rules
– Automated routing of service requests to appropriate server with lowest load
– On server failure, automated re-allocation of surviving servers to services
Works across all platforms
Enterprise Grid – Workload Management
Normal Server Allocation
Order Entry Supply ChainSpare
Enterprise Grid – Workload Management
End of Quarter
Order Entry Supply Chain
Enterprise Grid – Workload Management
Normal Server Allocation
Order Entry Supply ChainSpare
Enterprise Grid – Cluster Failure
Server Fails
Order Entry Supply ChainSpare
Enterprise Grid – Cluster Failure
Reallocate Spare server to Order Entry
Order Entry Supply Chain
Enterprise Grid – Cluster Failure
Order Entry Supply ChainSpare
Failed Server Restored
Automatic Workload ManagementDetails
No application changes required – Services specified in TNS connect data– For example, using Net Easy*Connection in 10g you would
connect using scott/tiger@//myVIP/myservice
Rules specify automatic resource allocations – PREFERRED instances during normal conditions– AVAILABLE instances should failures occur
Enterprise Manager provides manual service controls, e.g.,
– Start/stop, enable/disable, relocate
Automatic Workload ManagementSpecifying rules
• DBCA is the recommended tool for configuring services
• svrctl is an alternative:• Add a service
• Add a node / instance
srvctl add service -d <name> -s <service_name>
[-r <preferred_list>] [-a <avail_list>]
srvctl add service -d <name> -s <service_name>
-u [-r <new_pref_inst> | -a <new_avail_inst>]
ConfigurationExample
ERP
CRM
SS
HOT
STD
ERP
CRM
SS
HOT
STD
ERP
CRM
SS
HOT
STD
ERP
CRM
SS
HOT
STD
RAC01 RAC02 RAC03 RAC04
TransactionServices
Batch JobServices
High
Med
Low
High
Low
Priority0.5/0.75
Thresholds
0.5/1.00
1.0/1.5
1.0/1.5
3.0/5.0
CL
US
NO
DE
-1
CL
US
NO
DE
-2
CL
US
NO
DE
-3
CL
US
NO
DE
-4
Instances
Step 1 – Check Node Applications
CRS has already registered and enabled node applications (nodeapps) (what are these ?)
Does this only work with CRS ?
Check status with crs_stat Use srvctl to add new
nodeapps to new machines
NAME=ora.clusnode-1.gsdTYPE=applicationTARGET=ONLINESTATE=ONLINE
NAME=ora.clusnode-1.oemTYPE=applicationTARGET=ONLINESTATE=ONLINE
NAME=ora.clusnode-1.onsTYPE=applicationTARGET=ONLINESTATE=ONLINE
NAME=ora.clusnode-1.vipTYPE=applicationTARGET=ONLINESTATE=ONLINE
NAME=ora.clusnode-1.LISTENER_clusnode-1.lsnrTYPE=applicationTARGET=ONLINESTATE=ONLINE on clusnode-1
Step 2 – Define Database and Instances
srvctl add database -d ORACLE -o $ORACLE_HOME –s $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ORACLE_spfile
srvctl add instance -d ORACLE-i RAC01 -n clusnode-1
srvctl add instance -d ORACLE -i RAC02 -n clusnode-2
srvctl add instance -d ORACLE -i RAC03 -n clusnode-3
srvctl add instance -d ORACLE-i RAC04 -n clusnode-4
Step 3 – Define Services
srvctl add service -d ORACLE -s ERP-r RAC01,RAC02 -a RAC03,RAC04
srvctl add service -d ORACLE -s CRM-r RAC03,RAC04 -a RAC01,RAC02
srvctl add service -d ORACLE -s SS -r RAC01,RAC02,RAC03,RAC04
srvctl add service -d ORACLE -s HOT -r RAC01 -a RAC02,RAC03,RAC04
srvctl add service -d ORACLE -s STD -r RAC01,RAC02 -a RAC03,RAC04
Step 4 – Using ServicesERP=(DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=on)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=clusnode-1vip)
(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=clusnode-2vip)
(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=clusnode-3vip)
(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=clusnode-4vip)
(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ERP)))ERP=(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=on)
…(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ERP))(FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=ERP)(TYPE=SELECT)
(METHOD=BASIC)(RETRIES=180)(DELAY =5)))
ERP=(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=on)…
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ERP))(FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=ERP_PRECONNECT)(TYPE=SESSION)
(METHOD=PRECONNECT)(RETRIES=180)(DELAY =5)))
ERP_PRECONNECT=(DESCRIPTION=(LOAD_BALANCE=on)…
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ERP_PRECONNECT))(FAILOVER_MODE=(BACKUP=ERP)(TYPE=SESSION)
(METHOD=BASIC)(RETRIES=180)(DELAY =5)))
TNS
TNS +TAFBasic
TNS +TAFPre-Connect
Example - Setting Service Priorities
rem Create the consumer groupsexecute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PENDING_AREA;execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (CONSUMER_GROUP => 'HIGH_PRIORITY',
COMMENT => 'High priority group');execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (CONSUMER_GROUP => 'STANDARD_PRIORITY',
COMMENT => 'Standard priority group');execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (CONSUMER_GROUP => 'LOW_PRIORITY',
COMMENT => 'Low priority group');
Example - Setting Service Priorities
rem Create the service to consumer group mappingexecute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (ATTRIBUTE => DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SERVICE_NAME, VALUE =>'ERP',CONSUMER_GROUP =>'HIGH_PRIORITY'); execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (ATTRIBUTE => DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SERVICE_NAME,
VALUE=>'CRM',CONSUMER_GROUP => 'STANDARD_PRIORITY');execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (ATTRIBUTE =>DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SERVICE_NAME,
VALUE=>'SS',CONSUMER_GROUP => 'STANDARD_PRIORITY');execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (ATTRIBUTE => DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SERVICE_NAME,
VALUE=>'HOT',CONSUMER_GROUP => 'HIGH_PRIORITY');execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (ATTRIBUTE =>DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SERVICE_NAME,
VALUE =>'STD',CONSUMER_GROUP => 'LOW_PRIORITY');execute dbms_resource_manager.submit_pending_area;
Oracle 10g Clusterware
End-to-End IntegrationLoad Balancing
ASM
iAS
RAC
Dynamic load balancing with Oracle Application Server 10g
Multiple SLA's satisfied on shared hardware
Self monitoring services– Automatic Workload
Repository (AWR) measures end to end
– Resource manager
End-to-End IntegrationSynchronized Recovery
End to end recovery without human intervention
– < 8 second recovery time for database
– Immediate recovery for mid-tiers
< 4 seconds from 15 minutes Self Correcting
Self verifying Self diagnosing Self correcting
Oracle 10g Clusterware
ASM
iAS
RAC
End-to-End IntegrationDisaster Recovery
ASM
iAS
Oracle 10g Clusterware
RAC
Data Guard Broker central point of control
Automatic service re-provisioning
Seamlessly integrated Maximum availability
– iAS & customer integration
– End-to-end min MTTR – Rolling Upgrade
ASM
iAS
Oracle 10g Clusterware
RAC
Data GuardBroker
Production
Standby
Performance Enhancements
Dynamic file and lock affinity Lower-overhead updates Message aggregation More efficient global cache Fewer buffer copies Less memory usage
No Cost System Changes – Capacity on Demand
CPU– Add/remove CPUs on SMP online
Cluster Nodes– Add/remove cluster nodes online– No data movement needed
Memory– Grow and shrink shared memory
and buffer cache online– Auto tuning of memory online
Disk– Add/remove disks online– Automatically rebalance– Move datafiles
Low Cost Fault Tolerance
Grid ClustersGrid ClustersLow Cost Fault ToleranceLow Cost Fault Tolerance
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Commercial Grids and Availability
Grid pools standard low cost nodes and modular disk arrays
Perfect for RAC HA Failover can happen to
any node on the grid Grid load balancing will
redistribute load over time
Designed to Tolerate Failures
New Economics forData Protection & Recovery
Disk Based RecoveryDisk Based Recovery
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Trade cheap disk spacefor expensive downtime
New World: Disk Based Data Recovery
Disk economics are close to tape
Disk is better than tape– Random access to any data
We rearchitected our recovery strategy to take advantage of these economics
– Random access allows us to backup and recover just the changes to the database
Backup and Recovery goes from hours to minutes
2000’s - 200 GB
1980’s - 200 MB
1000x increase
Resiliency using Low Cost Storage
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Storage FailureStorage Failure
Human ErrorHuman Error
CorruptionCorruption
Site FailureSite Failure
Four Failure Types
Data Mirroring with ASM
ASM mirrors data across inexpensive modular storage arrays
Automatically remirrors when disk or array fails
Designed to tolerate failures
Failure Resiliency using Low Cost Storage
Collapsing the Cost of Human Error
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Storage FailureStorage Failure
Human ErrorHuman Error
CorruptionCorruption
Site FailureSite Failure
Flashback Time Navigation
Flashback Query– Query all data at point in time
Flashback Versions Query– See all versions of a row between two
times– See transactions that changed the
row
Flashback Transaction Query– See all changes made by a
transaction
Tx 1
Tx 2
Tx 3
Select * from Emp AS OF ‘2:00 P.M.’ where …
Select * from Emp VERSIONS BETWEEN
‘2:00 PM’ and ‘3:00 PM’ where …
Select * from DBA_TRANSACTION_QUERY
where xid = ‘000200030000002D’;
Flashback Database A new strategy for point in time recovery Flashback Log captures old versions of
changed blocks– Think of it as a continuous backup– Replay log to restore DB to time– Restores just changed blocks
It’s fast - recover in minutes, not hours It’s easy - single command restore
“Rewind” button for the DatabaseData Files Flashback
Log
New BlockVersion
Disk Write
Old BlockVersion
RMAN> Flashback Database to ‘2:05 PM’
Prevention & Recovery of Corruptions
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Storage FailureStorage Failure
Human ErrorHuman Error
CorruptionCorruption
Site FailureSite Failure
Oracle End-to-end Data Validation
H.A.R.D. – Hardware Assisted Resilient Data
– Prevents corruption introduced in IO path between DB and storage
Initially introduced in Oracle9iR2 10g HARD provides
– Better checks– All file types & block sizes checked
DB, log, archive, backup, etc.– A.S.M. enables HARD without
using RAW devices Supported by major storage vendors
A.S.M.A.S.M.
OracleOracle
SAN & Virtualization
Blocks validated and Protection info added to block
Protection info validated by storage device
Volume ManagerVolume Manager
Operating SystemOperating System
Host Bus AdapterHost Bus Adapter
SAN InterfaceSAN Interface
Storage DeviceStorage Device
Flash Recovery Area
Fully automatic disk based backup and recovery
– Set and Forget
Nightly incremental backup rolls forward recovery area backup
– Changed blocks are tracked in production DB
Full scan is never needed– Dramatically faster (20x)– Blocks validated to prevent
corruption of backup copy
Use low cost ATA disk array for recovery areaTwo Independent Disk Systems
Flash RecoveryArea
Nightly ApplyValidatedIncremental
WeeklyArchiveTo Tape
DatabaseArea
Optimised Incremental Backup
Optimizes incremental backups– Track which blocks have changed since last
backup
• New change tracking file is introduced– Changed blocks are tracked as redo is
generated– RMAN backup automatically uses changed
block list
Redo Logs Change Tracking File
Redo Generation
List of Changed Blocks
101100101011000011101001
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;
Recovering With Incrementally Updated Backups
Incremental backup files
Incrementally Updated Datafile
Image copyof data file
Updated image copy of data file to a more
recent state
RECOVER COPY OF DATAFILE
RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATAFILE 10
Low Cost No Compromise Disaster Recovery
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Storage FailureStorage Failure
Human ErrorHuman Error
CorruptionCorruption
Site FailureSite Failure
Data Guard 10g New Features
General new features– Real Time Apply– Flashback Database Integration
SQL Apply new features – Zero Downtime Instantiation– Rolling Upgrades– Additional Datatypes
Data Guard Broker & Enterprise Manager new features – RAC integration– Simplified browser-based interface focused on best practices
Enhanced DR with Flashback Database
Flashback DB removes the need to delay application of logs Flashback DB removes the need to reinstantiate primary after failover Real-time apply enables real-time reporting on standby
Real Time Apply
No Delay!
Real TimeReporting
Flashback Log
Flashback Log
Primary: No reinstantiation after failover!
RedoShipment
Primary Database Standby Database
SQL Apply: Zero Downtime Instantiation
Logical standby database can now be created from an online backup of the primary database, without shutting down or quiescing the primary database
– No shutdown implies no downtime of production system
– No quiesce implies no wait on quiesce and no dependence on Resource Manager
Highest Data Protection Lowest Cost
Combine the Features to
Achieve Any Level of Data Protection
Dramatic Advances in Ease of Use
ASM Mirroring Storage Failure
Protection
Flashback Human Error
Protection
Data Guard Site Failure ProtectionFlash
Recovery Area
Corruption Protection
Allow any change to the system with no downtime
Online ReconfigurationOnline Reconfiguration
Goal
No Cost System Changes
Rolling UpgradesRolling Upgrades
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
No Cost System Changes – Capacity on Demand
CPU– Add/remove CPUs on SMP online
Cluster Nodes– Add/remove cluster nodes online– No data movement needed
Memory– Grow and shrink shared memory
and buffer cache online– Auto tuning of memory online
Disk– Add/remove disks online– Automatically rebalance– Move datafiles
Rolling Patch Upgrade using RAC
Initial RAC Configuration Clients on A, Patch B
OraclePatchUpgrades
OperatingSystemUpgrades
Upgrade Complete
HardwareUpgrades
Clients Clients
Clients on B, Patch A
Patch
1 2
34
A B A B
AA B
B
APatch BA B
Rolling Release Upgrades using Data Guard
Major ReleaseUpgrades
Patch SetUpgrades
Cluster Software & Hardware Upgrades
Initial SQL Apply Config
ClientsRedo
Version X Version X
1
BA
Switchover to B, upgrade A
Redo
4
Upgrade
X+1X+1
BA
Run in mixed mode to test
Redo
3
X+1X
A B
Upgrade node B to X+1
Upgrade
LogsQueue
X
2
X+1
A B
Online RedefinitionOnline RedefinitionEvolution without InterruptionEvolution without Interruption
Competitive pressures demand continual change
Need to change data with no interruption to the application
– location, format, indexing, or even definition
Goal
No Cost Data Changes
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
Online Redefinition Enhancements
Enhanced Online Table Redefinition– Easy cloning of indexes, grants, constraints, etc.– Convert from long to LOB online– Allow unique index instead of primary key
Change tables without recompiling stored procedures– Stored procedures can depend on the signature of a table
instead of the table itself
Online Segment Shrink– Return unused space within the blocks of a segment to the
tablespace
Protection from any cause of downtime
Computer Computer FailuresFailures
Data Data FailuresFailures
System System ChangesChanges
Data Data ChangesChanges
UnplannedUnplannedDowntimeDowntime
PlannedPlannedDowntimeDowntime
ASMASM
FlashbackFlashback
Recovery AreaRecovery Area
Data GuardData Guard
Real Application Real Application ClustersClusters
Online ReconfigsOnline Reconfigs
Rolling UpgradesRolling Upgrades
Online RedefinitionOnline Redefinition
At Lowest Cost• Grid Servers• Modular Storage Arrays
• Automated & Simple to Use
Oracle10g Cross Platform Transportable Tablespace
Solaris (SPARC)
Open VMS (Intel IA64)
Windows (Intel IA32/64)
Linux (Intel IA32/64)
AIX (PowerPC)
HP-UX (PA-RISC)
Tru64 UNIX (Alpha)
HP-UX (Intel IA64)
Small Endian Platforms Big Endian Platforms
Simple File Copy Within These
Simple File Copy Within These
High SpeedFile Convert
RMAN
Size up to 8 exabytes (8 million terabytes) Use with OSM or VM that supports striping and
dynamically extensible logical volumes CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs
DATAFILE ‘/u02/oracle/data/bigtbs01.dbf’ SIZE 50G
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCALSEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
Default SMALLFILE
Bigfile Tablespaces
Oracle HTML DB
Development Approach– Declarative– Model Driven UML
Programming Language: PL/SQL– PL/SQL, SQL, HTML
Deployment Architecture:– RDBMS
HTTP Listener
Database
<html></html>
135
HTML DB: How it Works
Browser Based No Deployment Needed Team Based Development
HTML DB Browser
HTML DB in a Nutshell
Productivity and Ease of Use of a Desktop Database
Quality of an Enterprise Database
Built for the Web
PL/SQL Enhancements
XMLXML ObjectsObjects
SQLSQL
Graphic modified from original courtesy of Sun Microsystems
JavaJava
PL/SQL PL/SQL
New PL/SQL Compiler
A new compiler is available for PL/SQL compilation
Transparent to user PL/SQL is significantly
faster than prior releases
Ability to change full interpreted compiled code to full native compiled code
Set Timing ONSELECT fib_sum(30) FROM dual;
FIB_SUM(30)----------- 832040
Elapsed: 00:00:04.82
Set Timing ONSELECT fib_sum(30) FROM dual;
FIB_SUM(30)----------- 832040
Elapsed: 00:00:08.36
OracleDatabase 10g
Oracle9i R2
PL/SQL Performance
Regular Expression Support
Native Regular Expression Support– Revolutionizes pattern matching and manipulation– POSIX Compliant + Backreference support – LOB support + All Character Sets + Locale Sensitive
Motivation and Requirements– Life Sciences Customers– Sync with GNU, PERL, Java, XQuery, etc.– Competitive Advantage – Not offered in DB2, only small
subset in MS SQL Server– Multitude of applications – will be a highly used feature
Available in SQL and PL/SQL
Native Floating-Point Data Types
Two new numeric data types BINARY_FLOAT, BINARY_DOUBLE
Based on the IEEE 754 Standard for binary floating point arithmetic
More efficient than the NUMBER type. Arithmetic operations are implemented in hardware on most platforms. These types may also take up less space in memory/disk.
Seamless support in SQL and PL/SQL
Native Floating-Point Data Types
New type conversion functions Seamless support in SQL, PL/SQL, Java,
XML, and OCI/OCCI
CREATE TABLE t (f BINARY_FLOAT, d BINARY_DOUBLE);
INSERT INTO t VALUES (2.0f, 2.0d);
INSERT INTO t VALUES (1.5f/0.5f, 1.5d/0.5d);
LOB Enhancements
Performance improvements Terabyte size LOBs New DBMS_LOB.GET_STORAGE_LIMIT
function OCI now supports LOBs greater than 4GB
Oracle 10g – The High Performance Platform for XML
XSLT ProcessingXML Query ProcessingXML Caching w/HTTP security
XSLT ProcessingXML Query ProcessingXML Caching w/o security
XSLT ProcessingXML Query ProcessingXML Schema/DTD ValidationXML Caching w/ JAAS securityXML J2EE ComponentsXML Messaging & Queuing XML Data Integration
J2EEServer
WebCache
XML DBServer
Client
XMLStream
XMLStream
XMLStream
XMLType PersistenceXML Query ProcessingXML Schema ValidationXSLT Processing XML Messaging & QueuingXML Streams
XML Database 10g New Features
Add Node capabilities– InsertXML(),AppendXML(), DeleteXML()
I18N Support XPath re-write enhancements SQL/XML XPath re-write for XMLType views SQL/XML XMLParse() operator SQL Loader improvements Copy Based Schema Evolution
JDBC New Features
Re-Architecture– Unified Code Path
Thin on par with Thick– Bind variable names– PL/SQL index-by table – Proxy authentication– Encryption algorithms
New Data Types– Native IEEE DOUBLE– Native IEEE Float – Long-to-Lob conversion– Unlimited size LOB– INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
Fastest JDBC Drivers– Best SPECJApp2002 results
Misc.– Enhanced JDBC VARRAY Support– NLS repackaging– Stop shipping classes111
New JDBC 3.0 features– Named Parameters– New Ref interface– Datalink/URL– JCA Resource Adapter– Connection Pool– JDBC Web RowSet
Implicit Connection Caching– Cache Manager
JDBC WebRowSet
An implementation of JSR-114, extends java.sql.ResultSet capabilities
– Enables reading and writing result sets from/into XML format– Serializable/Distributable– Disconnected, decoupled from Data Source – Extensible to non-tabular data– Can be shipped over Internet using HTTP/XML protocols
JDBC Connection Cache and Connection Cache Manager
Cache Manager
Oracle JDBC Driver
...
Session 1.1
Session n.1
....
Cache# 1
Session 1.m
....Cache# nSession n.m
Oracle9iAS or Java/J2EE Node
JDBC Fast Connection Failover
– Failed connections in JDBC connection caching– Listening to UP/DOWN failover events– Resetting the connections
Database instance in a cache
Database instance in a cache
Fast Connection Failover
Java DB New Features
OracleJVM J2SE 1.4 compatible
– Complete Security– Preferences– Headless AWT
Self Tuning Java Pool Java Stored Proc. now return
all SQL Exceptions New Faster Server-side
JDBC driver
RMI Call-out JSP/Servlet Call-out EJB Call-out Web Services Call-out Native Java Interface Optimized Java Memory
Management (Dedicated Server)
OCI, OCCI, Pro*C, C++
Downloadable OCI client stack – doesn’t require install
– i.e. Homeless OCI/JDBC (Type2)
OCCI – Stateless connection pooling– Statement Caching– XA Support
Varray and Nested Tables Enhancements
• Alter VARRAY and Nested Table Limit Size
• Varray Columns in temporary tables
• Alter VARRAY and Nested Table Limit Size
• Varray Columns in temporary tables
ANSI Collections Support in Nested Tables
Equality and Non-Equality Predicates IN and NOT IN operators MULTISET, SUBMULTISET, POWERMULTISET,
POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY MULTISET EXCEPT operators
CARDINALITY, Operator SET, IS A SET operators MEMBER OF operator IS EMPTY operator
Oracle 10g on Windows
Fiber model support Large Page support Non Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)
support
64-bit Oracle on Windows
Large memory addressability– Up to 8 TB of memory supported (No 4GB SGA
limit)– Page size can be up to 4GB– Capacity, concurrent users, and performance of
Oracle database increases dramatically with more memory
Provides profile-guided optimization (PGO) – Expect 15%-25% performance improvement from
PGO
Oracle: Best Database for .NET
.NET cannot expose DB functionality that is not there
– Oracle leads the way in advanced DB features RAC, XML DB, grid, interMedia, ASO, etc.
Oracle has a high-performing ADO.NET provider that exposes advanced DB features
– Oracle Data Provider for .NET (ODP.NET) ODP.NET allows full access to .NET
– No limitation to using .NET functionality
Oracle Database 10g Location Features
Locator– Points, lines, polygons– 2D, 3D, 4D data– Spatial Operators
Distance Relationships
– Coordinate Systems– Parallel Query– Deferred Spatial
Indexes
Spatial– Additional Spatial functions
Area/Length calculation Buffer, Centroid, Intersection,
Union, etc. – Linear Referencing– Spatial Aggregates– Coordinate Transforms– Geocoder– GeoRaster– Topology Data Model– Network Data Model– Spatial Data Analysis & Mining
Location Performance Improvements in Oracle Database 10g Index inserts
– 500-1000% faster with arrays inserts Spatial queries
– Up to 1000% faster for distance-based queries– 20-40% improvement for spatial relate queries
Spatial joins– 200-600% faster in 10g using a new JOIN algorithm
Spatial queries with local partitioned indexes– 400 to 600% faster for queries accessing more than one
partition (160 partitions) 2 Patent Applications for this work
Workspace Manager Enhancements
Set system parameters to enforce global settings
Create a multiparent workspace
Communicate workspace events to applications
Import to and export from version-enabled tables
Use SQL*Loader to load version-enabled tables
Change a workspace to be continually refreshed
Determine whether a table is version-enabled
Version-enable tables that have unique constraints, nested tables and Virtual Private Database security
Use TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE with History data
Identify users with system level workspace privileges
Query history views with updated column names
Allow users in workspace tree access to locked rows
Use additional DDL on version-enabled tables
AQ&Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R SA N S W E R S