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Organ Systems
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Levels of Organization
Atom
Molecule
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Human Organ Systems
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HOMEOSTASIS
Each organ system works to
maintain HOMEOSTASIS
HOMEOSTASIS – Maintaining a
stable internal environment
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Biology GVC #7
Describe the relationship
between structure and
function of organ
systems in plants and
animals.
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Skeletal System• Supports the body
and gives it shape
• Protects internal
organs
• Produce Blood Cells
• Stores Minerals
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: maintains correct levels
of minerals
Function:
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Organs/Structures in the Skeletal System
Bones – Hard and Rigid, form
main skeleton Ligaments – band of fibrous connective
tissue, holds bones together
Cartilage – dense connective tissue,
usually found in joints
Bone Marrow –
Where red blood
cells are made
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Joints- Places where 2 or more bones meet
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Muscular System
Function: Provide movement and heat
production.
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: move body and maintain
body temperature
Organs/Structures:
Muscles – organs composed of muscle cells (fibers)
that can contract to move parts of the body
Tendons – Connect muscles to bones
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Types of Muscles
Cardiac:
• Found only in heart
• Contracts to pump blood
• Has A LOT of mitochondria
• Involuntary
Smooth:
• Found in walls of internal organs
• Helps organs carry out functions
• Involuntary
Skeletal:
• Found attached to bones
• Move skeleton and other body parts
• Voluntary
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IntegumentaryFunction: Outer covering of your
body, provides protection
Organs/Structures:Skin – Largest organ,
provides protection,
controls body temperature
Hair – made of keratin,
controls body temperature
Nails – made of keratin,
protect fingertips and toes
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Protection, maintain body
temperature, sense of touch
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Nervous SystemFunction: Carries electrical messages
throughout the body
Organs/Structures:Brain – Control center, has 100
Billion neurons
Spinal Cord – thin bundle of
nervous tissue going from brain
to pelvis
Nerves – carry signals from
spinal cord to all parts of body
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Allows organism to respond
quickly to changes
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Nerve cell (Neuron)1. Electrical
signal starts in
Dendrite and
travels along the
Axon .
2. When the
signal reaches
the Axon
Terminal it jumps
to the Dendrite
of the next
neuron.Axon – The long, slender part of a
nerve cell; it is the main carrier of
the electrical signalBrain Games
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EndocrineFunction: Produces hormones
Organs/Structures:Pineal Gland Adrenal Gland
Hypothalamus Pancreas
Pituitary Gland Testes
Thyroid Gland Ovaries
Thymus
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Regulates metabolism,
growth, body development
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Circulatory System
Function: move materials around the
body (hormones, oxygen, waste, nutrients)
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Allows substances to move
from one place to another
Heart – made of mostly
muscle tissue, pumps
blood through blood
vessels by contracting
(squeezing)
Blood Vessels – network of
tubes that carry blood
throughout body (arteries,
veins, capillaries)
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Circulatory system
ARTERIES – Carry oxygenated
blood AWAY from the heart
very muscular
VEINS – Carry blood TOWARD
the heart;
have valves to prevent
backflow
CAPILLARIES – Connect small
arteries and veins;
exchange gases and other
substances
BLOOD is made up of Plasma (liquid), Red Blood
Cells (carry oxygen), White Blood Cells (immune
system), and Platelets (blood clotting).
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Blood Flow Through Heart
Lungs
Body
Left
Ventricle
Left
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Right Atrium
Animation of blood flow
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Blood Flow through Body
Red:
Arteries
Blue:
Veins
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Respiratory System
Function: Bring OXYGEN into the body and
release CARBON DIOXIDE out of the body
Main Organs/Structures:
• Nose/mouth• Larynx – voice box
• Trachea (windpipe)
• Lungs• Bronchi – branching
tube leading to each
lung
• Alveoli – clusters of air
sacs
• Diaphragm – muscle
that contracts to
make lungs expand
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Respiratory
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Gas exchange (Oxygen
in, Carbon Dioxide out)
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Respiration – How do we breathe?
Respiration Animation
Gas Exchange
Animation
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Digestion
Function: Break down food
and absorb nutrients
Organs/Structures:
Mouth – break down food
Esophagus -
Stomach – Mixes food with digestive enzymes to break
them apart
Pancreas – releases digestive enzymes and hormones
(insulin)
Liver – detoxify blood, make proteins, produce
chemicals to help digestion
Gall Bladder – stores bile (fluid that helps digest lipids)
Small Intestine – breaks down food with chemicals and
absorbs nutrients
Large Intestine – reabsorb water
Rectum – accumulates feces
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Provides the body with necessary
nutrients and removes wastes
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Urinary/ExcretionFunction: Filter wastes from body and control
water loss
Organs/Structures:
Kidneys – Filter wastes out of blood
Large Intestine – reabsorbs water
Liver – break down toxins in blood
Skin – eliminate excess water and salts
Lungs – exhale water vapor and CO2
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Removes wastes from the body,
maintains steady water levels
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Lymphatic (Immune System)Function: Destroys pathogens (micro-organisms
that cause disease)
Role in HOMEOSTASIS: Protects the body from disease and infection
Organs/Structures:Lymph Vessels – vessels that carry lymph through body
Lymphocytes – cells that destroy pathogens
Lymph – Fluid containing lymph, filters pathogens
Lymph Nodes – Structure that filters the lymph
Bone Marrow – Produces Lymphocytes
Thymus – Stores Lymphocytes
Spleen – Filters out pathogens and worn out blood cells
Tonsils – Trap pathogens