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Original Research
Effects on mental states: A pilot Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) study
Stuart Hameroff et al
Anesthesiologist and professor at the University of Arizona
known for his studies of consciousness
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Double blind study on patients with chronic pain
• Improvement in subjective mood
• Subjects felt lighter & happier!
• Promising non invasive therapy for modulating mental states
• May benefit a number of neurological & psychiatric disorders
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• That a bat can tell the difference between a fly in motion or at rest?
• That a fruit bat can determine which of two fruits is heavier by observing their movements in the wind?
• That a dolphin can see a tennis ball from 260 feetaway?
Did you know
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Why is Biosonar superior?
• Biosonar animals send ultrasonic sounds called "pings“• The shape of the returning echoes, helps these animals
to "see" their surroundings• In milliseconds, the neurons in brain do a full-scale
analysis of their surroundings represented in 3-D, with little energy consumption
• It helps them to navigate or hunt for prey• Even with the aid of a super computer, which consumes
thousands of times more energy, we cannot produce such an accurate picture
• By understanding sonar animals, we can create ultrasound systems that will be able to render more accurate medical imaging"
-Intrator N, tel Aviv Univ, J. Acoustical Soc. America
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Yoruba tribe, west Africa
Yoruba people happen to exhibit the highest twinningrate in the world
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90-1000 Twins / 1000 live births
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Ibeji twin figures
• Made of carved of wood, the figures embody the spirit of deceased twins
• Because twins bring great good luck to their parents, they are honored, both living and dead
• The parents lavish attention on surviving twins and on twin images
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Cause?
• Their staple diet is Yam which contains phyto estrogens
• Genetic predisposition
• In-breeding
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Mohammad umri, Allahabad, UP
• > 50 twins in population of a few 1000s
• Muslims as well as Hindus
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In Kodinhi, a village in Malappuram district in Kerala
as of 2008, there were 220 twins in 2000 families
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In 2008, of 300 births 15 (5%) were TwinsThe number of twins per thousand here is around 45 per 1000 births.
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How HPRL causes Infertility has been a Mystery
• It is known that Prolactin inhibits GnRH, thereby decreasing ovarian function & causing infertility
• But receptors are not expressed by these GnRH neurons
• Hence the mechanism has not been understood so far
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• Neurons situated upstream the GnRH neurons secrete neurohormone, Kisspeptin which is essential for GnRH & ovarian function
• HPRL inhibits kisspeptin & GnRH secretion & blocks Ovarian activity
• Administration of K restarts GnRH secretion & ovarian activity
-Young & Binart, J Clin Invest 2013
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Pain after CS
• After Caesarean section, 300 women were randomized and studied
• Group P women were asked to rate their pain on a 0–10-point verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS), where '0' was 'no pain' and '10' was 'worst pain imaginable'.
• Group C women were asked to rate comfort on a 0–10-point VNRS, where '0' was 'no comfort' and '10' was 'most comfortable'.
• Conclusion: Asking about pain and pain scores after Caesarean section adversely affects patient reports of their postoperative experiences.
-A Randomized Trial: Chooi CSL et al, Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(5):780-787
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England Approves “3-Parent Babies”
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This technique requires taking only the healthy genetic material from the egg or embryo of a woman with defective mitochondria
This healthy DNA is instilled into a donor egg or embryo which is stripped of its key DNA but still retains its healthy mitochondria
Finally, the fertilized embryo is placed in the womb of the mother
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This is excellent news for families with mitochondrial disease (heart disease, liver disease, loss of muscle co-ordination and other serious conditions like muscular dystrophy)
Women who carry these diseased genes will have more reproductive choice and the opportunity to have children free of mitochondrial disease
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• Erica Nigrelli, a teacher at a High School in Missouri City, Texas, was 36 weeks pregnant when she fell unconscious in front of her class in May 2013
• Her heart stopped beating and her co-workers started CPR
• She was pronounced technically dead when she was rushed to the hospital
• An emergency postmortem C-section was performed to deliver a live baby
• Although she officially went through what was considered a post-mortem delivery, her heart started beating after she gave birth!
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Both Erica and baby Elayna are doing fine
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When fathers to be eat high fat diet…
When fathers eat a high-fat diet before conception of offspring, the male offspring has increased body weight after weaning and high body fat in midlife despite eating a low-fat diet finds a new study in mice
-Nowak VN- The Endocrine Society's 95th Annual Meeting in San Francisco, Feb 2013.
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Sergio Canavero
Italian Neurosurgeon,Turin - Advanced Neuromodulation Group
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HEad Anastomosis VENture
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How to do heaven?
• severe the heads of two humans simultaneously using an "ultra-sharp blade“
• Cool and flush out the "recipient" head before attaching its new body with an advanced polymer "glue“ or by electrofusion
• The greatest technical hurdle so far has been the reconnection of the spinal cords
• “clean cut” is the key to spinal cord fusion• Proximally severed axons are ‘fused’ with their distal
counterparts exploiting the so-called fusogens/sealants which immediately reconstitute cell membranes damaged by mechanical injury,
-J Surg Neurol International
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Head Transplant in Monkeys -1971
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Implications
• Paraplegics with enough spinal cord left intact to allow for a head transplant could regain full use of a (donor) body
• Patients with muscular dystrophy could be given whole new lives
• Aside from the enormous technical challenges, the potential barrier is cost (at least $13 million)
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Breaking News!
Birth of a Prince!
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Summer Babies• Children born in June, July and August
face the so-called "birth-date effect“• They are statistically likely to perform less
well than their older classmates • These sunshine-month youngsters never
catch up with their older winterish peers • In a major overview, Cambridge concluded
that summer babies were "strongly disadvantaged“
• At the end of primary school the difference on average stands at 12%!
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• An analysis of more than half a million GCSE candidates found a consistent pattern of summer-birthday teenagers performing less well across all subjects
• The chance of going to Oxford or Cambridge was 30% less for someone born in July
• The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) said that summer-born children should get extra exam marks!
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• Many women are left with scars, stretch marks, and loose skin after giving birth
• women often try to hide these marks of motherhood
• But one photographer is on a mission to redefine the idea of the beautiful woman's body
• One day, Jade Beall - a new mother, went into her studio with her five-week-old baby and took a series of photos
• There were bumps and lumps that she had never had before her pregnancy
• But she posted the pictures on her blog - keen to share with others a side of motherhood that tends to be kept out of view
• The media is full of images of women's bodies. But not these kinds of bodies!
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