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45 Minutes of Openstack Hate: A reality checkKristian Köhntopp, Cloud Architect Old Fart Martin Loschwitz, Cloud Architect Future Integration Representative
SysEleven
https://www.flickr.com/photos/pinksherbet/188842453 Pink Sherbet Photography (CC BY 2.0)
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https://uksysadmin.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/openstackwallpaper1.png
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Widely supported by many marketing departmentshttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ahockley/8662640096 Aaron Hockley (cc-by-sa 2.0)
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http://www.zdnet.com/article/customers-reporting-interest-in-cloud-containers-linux-and-openstack-for-2015/ http://www.businesscloudnews.com/2015/04/09/red-hat-dell-redouble-openstack-private-cloud-efforts/
http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2015/02/25/the-morning-download-h-p-deal-with-deutsche-bank-is-step-forward-for-openstack/
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What Openstack Vendors promise…https://www.flickr.com/photos/debarshiray/8237431709/sizes/l debarshiray (CC-BY-SA)
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How Openstack Admins imagine their workplace…(C) Kristian Köhntopp, 2006
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What is being delivered…(C) Hendrik Scholz, 2006
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What the admin job actually looks like…(C) Kristian Köhntopp, 2015
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What is it that we want to do?
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„Any VM, anywhere.“
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„Infrastructure as Code.“
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Why would I need that?
• 24 Cores (48 Cores HT), 256G RAM, 2* 10GBit und 12* 3TB HDD including a solid BBU
• 10k EUR
• Applications that actually fill that box are rare. So we are cutting it up to sell off the parts.
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"Any VM, anywhere"15
CPU, RAM
StorageNetwork
OverlayUnderlay
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Storage"Where the Internet lives", http://www.google.com/about/datacenters/gallery/#/tech/12
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Storage requirements
• VM with Ephemeral Storage • Not a problem, right? Because storage can be an un-
RAID-ed local disk. • But then you got no migration.
• Mainentance sucks w/o Migration. For you and for your customers.
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Lesson #1:Nope, local storage is not a legal
default.
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Storage
• VM with Volume: All writes are always remote. • And redundant.
• Relevant metrics: • Bandwidth, IOPS and Latency • MB/sec, multithreaded-fsync()/sec und sequential-
fsync()/sec • Where do the limits come from?
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Storage vs. requirements
• Scales easily: • Bandwidth, MT-IOPS
• Hard to scale: • Sequential-IOPS (b/c latency, target: 10k) • Default-Benchmark: "MySQL Slave on a volume" • "16 KB single-thread random-write on a datafile."
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Lesson #2:A Single-Threaded Random-Write
Benchmark is a fine first evaluation.
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Storage vs. actual Openstack delivery
• OpenStack Default is iSCSI und tgtd • »The problem is left as an exercise to the user.«
• Storage Vendors are totally in love with that approach. • https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/CinderSupportMatrix
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Storage: Ceph - the good
• Excellent bandwidth • Good Multithreaded-IOPS • Very robust, if you got spare memory and time for MTTR
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Storage: Ceph - the bad
• CRUSH • Layout follows topology • Change topology, move data needlessly • You do need a background network for storage to
facilitate Rebalancing/Recovery/Cluster-Reorg
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Storage: Ceph - the ugly
• Sequential IOPS fatally slow (200 IOPS). • MySQL slave on our Ceph-Volumes @ 200 Commit/s • Windows 8.1 boots from a Ceph-Volume in 15 Minutes
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Lesson #3:Pure Play OpenStack will not work for production.
Corollary: OpenStack is not a functioning
Open Source Project.
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Storage requirements vs. Multitenancy
• IOPS-Requirements need SSD to implement • IOPS Quotas require SSD to implement • SSD complicated - Preice vs. guranteed Performance • Caches complicated
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"Magento Indexer"
Single-Threaded Database Updates
You can't put quota on what isn't there.
Small IOPS = large incremental steps, large variance.
Target price 1 EUR/GB atm.
Low performance variation more
important than huge peak perf.
Working Set > Cache
means you are working
the raw iron.
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Lesson #4:Caching is as much part of the problem
as it is part of the solution.
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NetworkMercury Redstone Connector MR-1 (1960) https://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/5691350527 Steve Jurvetson (CC-BY)
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Network requirements
• Hosting setup: • Topology: Wait-Free, Oversubscription-Free • Redundancy: SPOF-Free • Multi-Tenancy: Isolation and Quotas
• Also: • Capable of carrying the storage traffic
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–Joe Random Alphauser
„We just rolled out a few dozen VMs with Hadoop and played Terasort.“
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http://bradhedlund.com/2012/01/25/construct-a-leaf-spine-design-with-40g-or-10g-an-observation-in-scaling-the-fabric/
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Notwork: Openstack default offering
• Open vSwitch, GRE-Ball, Broadcast-Problem, Chokepoint, SPOF
• Current releases are only marginally less braindead.
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SPOF
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Lesson #5:Ok, networking doesn't work, too.
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Let's look around for a non-broken solution34
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OpenContrail: the good, …
• Open Source Project by Juniper • Uses existing hardware routing infrastructure
• scales, no SPOFs, no Chokepoints • based on MPLS, BGP, and other well understood
protocols • actually delivers stuff (as opposed to e.g. OpenDaylite)
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OpenContrail: the bad, …
• Juniper bought Contrail, doesn't understand how to market it
• little and outdated documentation, bad release management, very bad packaging
• funny support organisation
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OpenContrail: the bad, …
• During the OpenContrail build process, the scons-based build-process will
• download the full source of tools such as Bind and Curl • patch them wildly • put the resulting binaries into a .deb package
• which will of course conflict with half a dozen Ubuntu packages
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… and the ugly.https://www.flickr.com/photos/59145750@N03/5559004171 Mara Tr. (CC-BY 2.0)
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Technology-Jenga
• OpenContrail’s "Stack" • vrouter (.ko), if-map, Sandesh (XML over Thrift!) • C++, Python, node.js, irond (Java) • redis, Cassandra, Zookeeper • xmpp, BGP, MPLS • Up Next in OpenContrail 2.2: Kafka • Put that into a job profile, try to find a candidate. Is he named
Pedro?
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Lesson #6:Problem not limited to Contrail scope.
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Let's look what else is in the box…https://www.flickr.com/photos/markjsebastian/4217877353/ Mark Sebastian (CC BY-SA 2.0)
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General requirements as of 2015
• Distributed Anything: • NTP, centralized Logging, centralized Monitoring • functional validation before components before join, clean
cluster startup • cluster comms are Kyle-Kingsbury-proof • CA, encrypted data in flight, optionally encrypted data at rest • User-Story regarding Live-Upgrades, with Canaries
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OpenStack delivers this…https://www.flickr.com/photos/z287marc/3189567558/ z287marc (CC BY 2.0)
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A wild hack session appears…https://www.flickr.com/photos/nauright/11341288174/ Romana Klee (CC BY-SA 2.0)
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Not an isolated problem…
• Start a HEAT stack with a few networks and 20 VMs • … and the cluster switches off. • Nova does not communicate with Cinder, but has a
hard timeout. • "Are we stupid or is OpenStack stupid? Let's test a few
public clouds…"
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Result…
• Phone ringing… • "Whatever you are doing,
could you please do something else?"
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"Rotes Telefon", http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_99.JPG User:Piotrus (CC-BY 3.0)
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Not an isolated problem…47
Implementation tested
on Devstack in VMware Fusion
on a MacBook Air in St. Oberholz?
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Not an isolated problem…48
https://thespeechatimeforchoosing.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/facepalm.jpg
Keystone
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Not an isolated problem…
• "Could you have a look, my Instances won't instantiate." • A longer debug session later it turns out that libvirts on
cloud17 is dysfunctional. • Compute-Nodes in OpenStack join the cluster simply by
being visible in AMQP (register as a consumer), no functional validation.
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Not an isolated problem…50
Ceilometer
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Not an isolated problem…
• During the Juno release cycle, Horizon got patched to be „less confusing for users“ (any GNOME devs around?)
• Result: Assigning floating IPs using Horizon became impossible when using OpenContrail
• Lesson learned: OpenStack wants to be versatile, but in fact, most development only ever happens for the „streamline“ setups
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What is the real problem?https://www.flickr.com/photos/jdhancock/8395113234 JD Hancock (CC BY 2.0)
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„Any VM, anywhere.“
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„As a hoster/enterprise/department, I want a virtualization platform
which does…“
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Problemspec vs. Produktspec
• Requirements regarding • Tenant Isolation, • Billing Model, • Operations Model, • Development Model, • Scalability
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Prototypes vs. Product"Prototype in the round file", https://www.flickr.com/photos/generated/3313311558 Jared Tarbell (CC-BY 2.0)
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Stabilize the core with actual engineering vs.
Moar components
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“The Big Tent”https://www.flickr.com/photos/fmckinlay/2410261506 Fiona Shields (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
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"The problem with the Big Tent is that it is full of clowns."https://www.flickr.com/photos/fmckinlay/2410261506 Fiona Shields (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
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–Maik Zumstrull
„Instead of having a functional solution I can now choose between 13
differently deficient components.“
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Democracy as a software architecture model
• Product definition == target specification • Who is our customer and what do they need? • What are the mandatory/desireable/optional
properties of the product to become part of the solution space instead of the problem space?
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Democracy as a software architecture model
• Quality Assurance • "But OpenStack does have Blueprints, CI and code
review" • Without a target specification you have no idea about
requirements on scale, workload types, security, …
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Who actually votes on your commit…
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Democracy as a software architecture model
• Limited, learnable technology stack • One recommended and tested solution with a
documented best practice for deployment instead of a plugin architecture.
• Reuseable solutions for comparable problems in neighboring subprojects (“Architecture Refactoring”).
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Monasca
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How to win at Hipsterbingo…
• »Monasca is an open-source multi-tenant, highly scalable, performant, fault-tolerant monitoring-as-a-service solution that integrates with OpenStack. It uses a REST API for high-speed metrics processing and querying and has a streaming alarm engine and notification engine.«
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Bingo!
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How to win at Hipsterbingo…
• »Uses a number of underlying technologies:Apache Kafka, Apache Storm, Zookeeper, MySQL, Vagrant, Dropwizard, InfluxDB, Vertica.«
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Democracy as a software architecture model
• Useful vs. Hyped • “Docker is like OpenStack,
but from a Dev instead of an Ops perspective. Wouldn't it be great to unify the projects?”
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https://twitter.com/martinisoft/status/527191803603468288
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And finally…69
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TL;DR please?
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TL;DR
• OpenStack right now: not a product, but a box of nuts and bolts. Significant assembly required.
• Not all parts are actually bad, but the quality varies. A lot.
• No other project has the momentum. • Most other projects do not have multi-tenancy, multi-node. • Many haven't even grasped the actual problem. Including Docker.
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TL;DR
• Deep in the Gartner hype cycle phase 2: • Users and hence real-world
requirements missing. • No unified view on acceptable
solutions. • Vendors think they can "win" and
"own" the market or products, pushing their embrace and extend agendas.
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TL;DR
• Apache-like open development processes are a proven model for taming open source and commoditisation.
• Compare Hadoop • Based on methods pioneered by Java
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?